Common diseases of free-range chickens

Chickens will encounter various diseases in the process of free-range. How to prevent and treat these diseases? Let's take a look at the common diseases of free-range chickens that I carefully recommend for everyone, hoping to help you.

Common diseases of free-range chickens

Newcastle disease vaccination in local chickens

Newcastle disease is an acute septic infectious disease caused by virus. Commonly known as "chicken plague", so-called Asian chicken plague. It often happens in cold and changeable seasons. Chickens of all ages can be infected, and the mortality rate of sensitive chickens is often as high as 90%- 100%. Clonal 30 vaccine and Newcastle disease IV vaccine were used for drinking water or eye drops at the age of 7 ~ 14 days and 25 ~ 28 days. Penicillin and streptomycin were added to every 500 chickens, or used in combination with Haida, Haitian, Plaza Pinghe Bluestar. At the age of 55 ~ 60 days, chickens were injected with Newcastle disease I vaccine and clone I vaccine at the ratio of 1: 1.5. At the age of 125 days, chickens were injected with the new attenuated triple vaccine and influenza oil vaccine, each with 0.5 ml. At the age of 306 days, chickens were repeatedly injected with cloned I-line muscle. Drinking attenuated vaccine (vaccine II or IV) at the age of 440 days (before slaughter) (symptoms: sick chickens are depressed, have poor appetite or refuse to eat, and excrete green or yellow-white thin feces. There is a lot of mucus in the mouth and nose, and it is common to have mucus flowing out when shaking your head. Crops are full of gas or liquid. Dyspnea, manifested as asthma, cough and mouth breathing. The mortality rate rose after 2-3 days, peaked after 4-5 days, and slowly decreased after 8- 10 days. Chickens resistant to the disease may have paroxysmal spasm, head and neck torsion, hunchback, dyskinesia and paralysis. At the early stage of the disease, laying hens also showed a significant decline in egg production, and a significant increase in soft-shell eggs and deformed eggs. )

2. The epidemic prevention of infectious bursal disease is also called Gambia disease.

Chickens are the most susceptible to this disease, which can occur all year round, and the incidence rate is the highest in the brooding period, especially at the age of 20-40 days. If breeders have not been vaccinated with bursal vaccine before laying eggs or have not been vaccinated with oil seedlings for half a year, their offspring will be given attenuated vaccine drops at the age of 5 days; Breeder chickens are inoculated with attenuated vaccine, and 0.2 ml oil seedlings are injected subcutaneously/chicken. 15 days old and 32 days old do not need epidemic prevention. If breeding animals are vaccinated again half a year after vaccination, their offspring can be given attenuated vaccine at the age of 14 days. If the breeder is vaccinated with attenuated vaccine,

When only 0.2 ml oil seedlings were injected subcutaneously, chickens did not need to be vaccinated at 24 days old. In the outbreak area of bursal disease, chickens were injected with high yolk water at the age of 1 day, and immunized once at the age of 5 days, 15 days and 32 days, with good results. Commercial chickens 1 day-old, 7-day-old, 14-day-old and 2 1 day-old can drink water with high egg yolk, and can be exempted from epidemic prevention in the future. Once infectious bursal disease occurs in chicken farms, high immune serum or high immune yolk antibody can be injected in time, and each chicken can receive good results.

Symptoms: sudden onset, diarrhea and depression in sick chickens, large bursa of fabricius, bleeding, renal enlargement and muscle bleeding. )

3. Prevention of Marek's disease.

It is necessary to use attenuated freeze-dried vaccine of Marek's disease for epidemic prevention within 1 day after chicks are hatched. This vaccine is specially used to prevent this disease and has no therapeutic effect. Immunization occurs on/0/4 days after injection, and the immunization period is one year. Eggs, incubators and hatcheries are strictly disinfected; Nursery grounds and utensils have been strictly disinfected. From a high-incidence area

Imported chicks should be vaccinated with Marek's disease for the second time. chicken

Breeders within 1 month should avoid free-range.

2 must be isolated. Once the disease occurs, the sick chickens should be eliminated immediately, and the threatened chickens should be disinfected with Dukening mixture and povidone iodine to strengthen prevention. Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent and treat Marek's disease. In polluted areas, it is best to protect Cv 1988 multivalent vaccine with liquid nitrogen or inoculate 1 day-old chicks with different vaccines from generation to generation. At the same time, the application of immune enhancer can significantly improve the immune effect. An Effective Weapon to Prevent Marek's Disease in Chickens —— Type I CVI988 Cell Frozen Live Vaccine

(Symptoms: Lameness: Sick chickens limp and can't afford to lie down seriously; One leg extends forward and the other leg extends backward. Head and neck paralysis: a few chickens have drooping heads or skewed heads and necks. Rough skin: Some chickens lose feathers on their backs and tails. The skin in the hair follicle swells and becomes rough, as if suffering from scabies. Blindness: the iris of one eye or both eyes turns gray, making you invisible, the pupil edge is irregular or the pupil becomes very small.

Visceral tumor: the sick chicken was emaciated. Autopsy found that tumors of different sizes were prone to occur in ovary, kidney, spleen, heart and lung, especially in liver, which was gray, hard and dense. If one of the above symptoms occurs in chickens, Marek's disease can be initially suspected. )

4. Prevent avian influenza.

20-day-old and 120-day-old chickens, when laying eggs for half a year or near the high incidence of influenza, were injected with 0.5 ml of egg-reducing oil vaccine into each chicken muscle half a year after the last inoculation.

(with symptoms: sick chickens are depressed, feed consumption is reduced, and they are thin; Hens build nests and give birth.

The number of eggs decreased; Mild to severe respiratory symptoms, including coughing, sneezing and profuse tears; Head and face edema, nervous disorder and diarrhea)

5. chickenpox prevention.

Chickens were inoculated with fowlpox vaccine at the age of 15 ~ 35 days and 90 ~ 140 days respectively. After 4 ~ 5 days, the scab on the thorn seedlings showed effectiveness, and the protection rate was generally 100%. Inoculate regularly by puncturing the seeds in the skin of the wings. Once chickenpox occurs, antiviral drugs can be selected for treatment on the basis of strengthening feeding management and environmental disinfection. Practice has proved that the cure rate of Ford oral liquid for chickenpox can reach over 90%. You can also extract the blood of the cured chicken with chickenpox and inject it into the sick chicken, which will be cured soon. At the same time, in order to prevent the occurrence of chicken staphylococcosis, neomycin sulfate, gentamicin and other drugs can be added at the same time.

(Symptoms: Skin type: Nodular acne usually occurs in hairless parts such as cockscomb, wattle, eyelids, claws and toes.

Rash. When eye pox occurs, it is easy to be infected by bacteria (such as staphylococcus and Escherichia coli), causing suppurative conjunctivitis, eyelid swelling and even blindness. The prevalence of chickenpox is often prone to outbreak of staphylococcosis. Attention should be paid to it.

Mucosal type: ulcer or yellow-white false membrane in mouth and throat, also known as diphtheria type. The false membrane is not easy to peel off, and the bleeding ulcer surface can be seen by forcibly peeling off. There is also a raised gray-white acne rash in the front of the trachea. In severe cases, the larynx is blocked by cheese-like exudate. The sick chicken had difficulty breathing and died of suffocation. This chickenpox can kill a large number of chickens, and the mortality rate can reach 20%-40%.

6 prevention of coccidiosis:

It is mainly caused by several coccidia parasitic in chicken cecum and small intestine. 15-45-day-old chicks are the most susceptible to infection and belong to parasitic diseases with high morbidity and mortality. It is usually the most popular in rainy and humid seasons. The main mode of transmission is that chickens eat feed and drinking water contaminated by coccidiosis chicken manure and are infected by mouth.

Method for raising free-range chickens

1 site selection

Free-range agriculture does not require high site selection. According to local conditions, all kinds of forest land, shrub pasture, grass hill slope, hillside orchard, tea garden, etc. It can be used as a grazing place to ensure that chickens can fully feed and have enough feeding places. The site is required to be high and dry, with smooth drainage, normal power supply and clean water nearby. At the same time, a solid fence should be added around the site to prevent the chickens from getting lost and being disturbed by other animals.

2 chicken house construction

According to local conditions and economic conditions and needs, it can be built permanently or simply. The henhouse should be 30 ~ 50 cm higher than the ground, but it should be durable, especially in winter, and heavy snow can easily cause the henhouse to be overwhelmed. At present, the majority of farmers can build a flat or laying hen house through indigenous methods, manage it scientifically, and get big profits with small investment. For example, the plastic film shed henhouse is economical and practical, and requires the henhouse to face south, which is beneficial to lighting and heat preservation, and at the same time takes into account lighting and ventilation. It is advisable to raise 8 ~ 10 adult chickens per square meter, otherwise it will easily lead to the chickens being trampled, and the indoor air cleanliness will not meet the standard, resulting in unnecessary losses.

Because the henhouse is used for rest, laying eggs, sheltering from the wind and rain, and also for disease prevention and control, it should be adopted? All in and all out? .

3. Preparation before hatching

Do a good job in debugging the hygiene, disinfection, drinking water and lighting of the brooding house. 1 d Before brooding, the breeder should check again whether the articles used for brooding are complete, such as disinfection equipment, disinfectants, nutritious drugs, etc., and debug the temperature, humidity and ventilation of the brooding room in advance to see if it can meet the requirements.

4 chicken cultivation

The feeding of chicks is very important, which affects the production index in the later period. Chickens are usually kept in henhouses after they are bought. Incubation room temperature: 3 1 ~ 35℃, 1 week, 20 ~ 30 birds, m2. From the fourth day, the temperature drops by 2 ~ 3℃ every week, and the drinking water temperature can reach about 20℃. After 30 days, the temperature can be removed when the room temperature reaches about 20℃. Relative humidity: 1 week is 65% ~ 70%, and will remain at 60% in the future. Sprinkling water or spraying disinfection on the ground will increase the humidity of the henhouse, and too high or too low will easily cause negative problems. 60 W incandescent lamp or 13 w energy-saving lamp should be used for lighting to ensure uniform light, and the light bulb should not be too close to the chicken, otherwise it will easily cause anal pecking, and the light will have a direct impact on the exercise, health and diet of chicks. From 3 to 4 d, the day and night illumination time in the shed is 22 to 23 h, or 24 h illumination can be used, and the illumination time and brightness will gradually decrease after 1 w; Aunt Cheng? Insulation, supplemented by ventilation? Pay attention to ventilation, appropriately increase the area of vents, and exhaust air 3 ~ 5 times a day with a fan, 5 ~ 10 min each time to ensure fresh air; In young houses, the temperature is high and the humidity is high. Should feed be adhered to? Feed less and add more? Principle, in case of feed mildew deterioration.

5 Feeding and management of chicks

5. 1 chicken stockings

About 1 month after birth, the weight reaches 0.25 ~ 0.3 rainbow. In warm weather, chickens can be moved to the mountains in batches according to their physical strength. The grazing place should be near and far, and the grazing time should be gradually extended. In the first few days of grazing, appropriate amount of V can be added to supplementary feed or drinking water. Or multivitamins to prevent stress. At this time, chickens are timid and easily frightened, so we must pay attention to the invasion of dogs, eagles, weasels and other animals, causing unnecessary pressure.

5.2 Reasonable setting

During training, the feed is supplemented by whistle induction, so that chickens gradually form conditioned reflex to whistle and develop the habit of eating with whistle.

5.3 Supplementary feeding and drinking water

Feed for free-range chickens must ensure sufficient energy, protein, vitamins, minerals and trace elements. In May of 20 14, a farmer in Pingqiao District had a large area of hair loss and anal pecking. After investigation, it was found that the farm was excessively extensive, supplemented with cheap feed for a long time, and the nutritional elements were unbalanced or insufficient. After finding the problem, amino acids, vitamins and trace elements were added to the feed, and sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate were added to the drinking water. After a few days, things got better. Therefore, it is very important to observe the situation of chickens every day, and deal with problems immediately when they are found. At the same time, the number of supplementary feeding is determined according to different seasons and the foraging situation of chickens. Generally 65438+ 0 ~ 2 times a day, supplemented with 2 ~ 3 times of drinking water. When you can't go out for food in bad weather or winter, you should feed indoors.

5.4 Prevention of animal injury

Pay attention to the invasion of wild animals, weasels and snakes. Some geese can be raised with free-range chickens. Gooses in poultry are very alert, alert in habits and keen in hearing organs. At the slightest sign of trouble, they will scream and have a good alarm effect.

5.5 Pay attention to the weather forecast

When the weather conditions are bad, pay attention to be vigilant. When the weather is bad, the chickens should be lured back to the house in time to avoid unnecessary losses.

6 disease prevention and control

Preventive measures are mainly prevention, and the feeding and drinking of chickens are observed every day. When sick chickens are found, they should be isolated immediately, and the feces should be cleared every week 1 time. It is forbidden to graze in rainy and snowy weather, so as not to wet chicken feathers and make chickens catch cold. The grazing site should be checked in advance, and the dead animals should be abandoned immediately to prevent chicken poisoning.

There is no uniform immunization program for free-range chickens, which needs to be carried out in combination with local actual conditions. Generally, the following methods are adopted: 1 year-old is vaccinated with Marek's disease vaccine and fowlpox vaccine, 7-10-year-old is vaccinated with Newcastle disease nasal drop immunization, and 8-20-year-old is vaccinated with Newcastle disease transmission vaccine and infectious bursal disease vaccine; Vaccinate with attenuated infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine at the age of 26 ~ 30 days; The second Newcastle disease immunization was carried out at the age of 30 days; Inoculate Newcastle disease L vaccine and avian influenza vaccine at the age of 30 ~ 40 days, and intramuscular injection of Newcastle disease II vaccine at the age of 60 days.

Method for identifying free-range chickens

1, free chicken, rough calf epidermis, flat toenails. There is a thick cocoon at the bottom of the palm.

2. Less fat deposition. The broth is transparent and clear, with oil caking on the surface of the broth, while the feed chicken soup is turbid, with less oil caking on the surface.

3. The local native chicken varieties are generally slender, and the imitation native chicken has short round feet.

4. When the chicken is exercising, the muscles can fully grow and develop, the intramuscular fat is rich, the proportion of aromatic substances in the fat increases, and the taste is natural and fragrant.

5. Hybrid chickens, especially those fed full feed for a long time, have a fishy smell, which is difficult to remove.

6. The native chicken skin is thin and compact, with fine pores and a network arrangement.

7, feathers, cockscomb, fat, egg yolk and other natural colors, too beautiful must be cautious.