Explain how the article made me feel.

Explanatory writing is an article genre that takes explanation as the main expression and gives people knowledge by explaining things and clarifying things. It explains the characteristics, essence and regularity of things by revealing concepts. Explanatory text generally introduces the shape, structure, category, relationship and function of things, and explains the principle, significance, characteristics and evolution of things. Descriptive words are very practical, including advertisements, instructions, abstracts, tips, rules, articles of association, comments, scientific sketches and so on. Although expository writing is a kind of writing with explanation as the main expression, it cannot successfully complete the task of introducing and explaining things to readers without the proper cooperation of other expressions (such as narration, discussion and description). From the perspective of learning to write expository writing, if we can understand the important role of comprehensive expression in expository writing, and pay attention to the accurate use of narrative, discussion and other ways to assist interpretation, expository writing can be brilliant. The characteristic of expository writing is "saying", which has certain knowledge. This kind of knowledge, whether it comes from relevant scientific research materials or from personal practice, investigation and investigation, is strictly scientific. If we want to make things clear, we must grasp the characteristics of things and then reveal the essential attributes of things, that is, we must explain not only "what" but also "why". Generally speaking, the application of explanatory text only needs to explain the characteristics of things, and explanatory text must reveal the origin and essence of the problem. Explanatory writing is a style that objectively explains things, with the purpose of giving people knowledge: or explaining the state, nature and function of things, or clarifying things. Chinese stone arch bridge belongs to the latter. Taking Zhao Zhouqiao and Lugou Bridge as examples, the characteristics of Chinese stone arch bridges are illustrated, which are not only beautiful in shape, but also firm in structure. Language of Nature belongs to the former, and the article scientifically explains the knowledge of phenology. Explaining the characteristics of things and clarifying things are two types of expository writing. In order to explain the characteristics of things clearly, or to explain things clearly, there must be appropriate interpretation methods. Common explanation methods include examples, classification, comparison, list (diagram), definition, explanation, analogy, imitation of appearance, quotation, hypothesis and so on. The best method should be chosen according to the object of explanation and the purpose of writing. On the one hand, it obeys the needs of the content, on the other hand, the author has the freedom of choice. Whether to adopt a certain interpretation method or a variety of interpretation methods, whether to adopt this interpretation method or that interpretation method, can be flexible, not fixed.

Description order

The instructions should be in order, which is a necessary condition to make the contents of the instructions orderly. The common order of interpretation is: chronological order, spatial order, logical order. The chronological order of description is similar to that of narration. Spatial order, we should pay special attention to the location of space, pay attention to the location and direction of things, such as inside and outside, size, up and down, front and back, left and right, southeast and northwest. Logical order, usually expressed by reasoning process. What order is adopted mainly depends on the characteristics of the objects expounded by the author. Explain the development and changes of things, and the time sequence is easy to express clearly. It is difficult for readers to understand the structure of buildings without spatial order. Explain things in logical order, so as to reflect the internal relations of things.

descriptive language

The accuracy, plainness, thoroughness and scientificity of explanatory language are the prerequisites of explanatory language. Time, space, quantity, scope, degree, characteristics, nature, procedures, etc. All require accuracy. The explanation is practical. A slight mistake is a drop in the bucket. On the premise of accuracy, the explanation language is famous for its simplicity and vividness. Because of the different language styles of the object and the author, the language of explanation is also varied: either general or specific; Or concise, or plump; Or concise, or detailed; Or plain and simple, or humorous, in short, eclectic. Reading discourse and writing discourse can be linked. The four points mentioned above should be grasped, and attention should be paid to reading and writing, but the requirements should be in line with the students' reality. The language features of expository writing: First, the scientific content. The content of the explanatory text must be true and accurate, based on conclusive materials, truthfully reflect the characteristics, essence and laws of objective things, and be strictly scientific. Second, the order of the structure. Things and events are sometimes complicated. In order to make readers have a clear understanding, there must be a certain order and order when explaining their characteristics. The common order of interpretation is chronological order (procedural order is also a kind of chronological order), spatial order and logical order. This order of interpretation is often reflected in the structural level of the article, so it is consistent to clarify the structural level and grasp the order of interpretation when reading the explanatory text. Third, the accuracy of language. Explanatory writing is very practical. If the language expression is "a drop in the bucket", the result will be "a thousand miles away", so the language requirement of explanatory writing is accurate and gives readers a scientific understanding. Today, with the rapid development of science and technology, the application of expository writing is more and more extensive. Textbooks, popular science books, knowledge sketches, comments and explanations of various disciplines are explanatory texts. It can be said that expository writing is closely related to our daily study, life and work. 1, structure of explanatory text: coherence, total score, juxtaposition, progression, contrast (structure includes paragraphs). A complete exposition is often a comprehensive application of several structures. 2. Grasp the meaning of the structure.

How to edit this paragraph?

1. Example

Make the article more specific, more convincing and explain things more objectively. Make more abstract and complicated things or things easy to understand and persuasive.

Compare

Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison.

definition

Defining the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion.

4. Histogram

In order to explain complex things clearly, we can also use charts to make up for the lack of simple words and explain some things more directly and concretely. Make readers understand the characteristics of things at a glance.

Make an explanation

Explain some characteristics of things from one side. This method is called hermeneutics.

For example.

By comparing the similarities of two different things, highlighting the shape characteristics of things and enhancing the vividness and vividness of interpretation, it is called analogy interpretation in analogy interpretation, which is consistent with metaphor in rhetoric. Only in this way can the abstract complexity become easy to understand and concrete and vivid. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate.

Step 7 imitate

In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance, which is called imitation. (and description should be distinguished. Although the same, but the style is different. )

quote

In order to make the content of the explanation more substantial and specific, you can quote materials to explain. The quoted materials range from classic works, famous sayings, formulas and rules, allusions and proverbs.

9. Classification

According to certain standards, the interpreted objects are divided into different categories and explained one by one. This method of explanation is called classification. Help readers master the characteristics and know fairly well.

10. Column number

In order to specify the things to be explained, you can also use the method of enumerating numbers to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures should have reliable basis and try to be approximate. Explanatory writing is a kind of style that introduces and explains things and things with explanation as the main expression.

Edit the analytical statement of this paragraph.

Master the object and characteristics of interpretation

When reading the explanatory text, we should first accurately grasp the explanatory object, so as to distinguish the explanatory text from the explanatory text and further understand the explanatory content. Then we should focus on the characteristics of the object. This is the key to analyzing an expository article. Only by accurately grasping the characteristics of the object of interpretation can we deeply understand the object of interpretation, and take this as a breakthrough to clarify the structural level and central content of the article. To accurately grasp the characteristics of the object of interpretation, we must read and understand the content of the text carefully, especially pay attention to carefully trying to figure out the key words (central sentences, turning sentences, sentences reflecting the author's thoughts and repeated sentences in the article).

Sort out the structure and analyze the interpretation order.

The structure of explanatory text is not complicated. Common structural forms are "total-sub" type, "total-sub-total" type, "sub-total" type, parallel type and progressive type. Clarifying the structure can help us understand the author's ideas and the main points of the content more clearly. The order of interpretation is varied. What kind of interpretation order is adopted depends on the characteristics of the object of interpretation and the purpose of interpretation. There are three commonly used interpretation orders: chronological order, spatial order and logical order. Sometimes, an article can use several explanation sequences alternately, such as the article "China Stone Arch Bridge", which has both the time sequence from ancient times to the present and the logical sequence from generalization to concreteness and from whole to part. All kinds of sequences have certain symbols in language. Mastering the language with certain symbolic function when reading can analyze and explain the order more smoothly. In a word, the structure and order of expository texts are inseparable and complementary, and the analysis can be carried out at the same time.

Analytical interpretation method

In order to explain the characteristics of things clearly, appropriate interpretation methods must be adopted. Common explanation methods include examples, figures, analogy, comparison, classification, definition, explanation, charts and so on. When reading the explanatory text, we can understand its explanation method. First of all, it depends on what interpretation method is used, what object is explained, and what role it plays. Second, it depends on what language form is used to express the interpretation method. Only in this way can the analysis be thorough and solid.

Linguistic characteristics of experiential expository writing

Accuracy and conciseness are the main characteristics of expository writing. Of course, the language style of expository writing is also varied, each with its own characteristics, some of which are good at simplicity and some are good at liveliness. Based on this, it can be summarized into two ways: simple explanation and vivid explanation. Generally speaking, an expository text that focuses on explaining things focuses on grasping the characteristics of things and explaining them in concise language. Scientific sketches, which are interesting and literary, need vivid explanations.

Pay attention to extract the original text.

Without raw materials, I'm afraid no one can answer correctly or completely. Therefore, the most important and effective way to answer the reading questions accurately is to find the answers in the original text. Most questions can be answered in the article. Of course, the sentences you find are not necessarily used directly, so you must process them according to the requirements of the topic, or extract words or compress the trunk, extract the main points or reorganize them. Even if you summarize the whole paragraph, you should make full use of the original text. It should also be noted that many students have strong memory ability of basic knowledge, but weak transfer ability, especially the contextual meaning and function of words, words and sentences. Here is the solution of the 16-character formula for your reference. 1, word for word. Polysemy is very common in Chinese. When understanding the meaning of a word in a word, we must put it into this word to investigate, that is to say, this word can not be separated from this word, so as to accurately understand the meaning of this word. Such as: hearsay, Tao, pointing to Tao; Like-minded, Tao, meaning truth II. Words and sentences are inseparable. In comprehensive reading questions, it is often required to understand the meaning and function of words in the context. This request has the following aspects: polysemy. This is very common in classical Chinese. Such as: policy is not driven by its way, policy and drive; In the face of strategy, strategy and whip are mostly manifested as contextual meanings in modern texts. These should be inferred according to the specific language environment, that is, the sentence itself, that is, words and sentences are inseparable. For example, the original meaning of the word "meet the teacher" means making polite remarks and teaching (me). It has different meanings in different language environments. In the article "Ju", I quoted the previous "teaching" to butcher Hu, saying that "the father-in-law is knowledgeable". As for the expressive function of a word in a sentence, we should understand it according to the specific language environment, rather than explain it separately from the sentence. 3. The sentence does not leave the paragraph. In other words, the analysis and understanding of sentences can not be separated from specific paragraphs and specific language environment. If we leave the specific paragraphs and the specific language environment, many sentences can only be understood in a narrow sense or even incomprehensible. Only by combining specific paragraphs and language environment will we know what position this sentence occupies in the full text. 4, the paragraph does not leave the body. Paragraph is an integral part of the article, which embodies the author's writing thought. Therefore, the reading comprehension of paragraphs cannot be divorced from the main idea and the center of the article. Otherwise, the understanding of the content or function of the paragraph will be biased.

General introduction method

1. Summary formula

At the beginning, introduce the general situation of things in concise language, giving people an overall image. For example, the Palace Museum started like this: in the center of Beijing, there is a city within a city, which is the Forbidden City. Now people call it the Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum. The Forbidden City is the imperial palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is the largest and most complete ancient palace complex in China with a history of more than 500 years. The beginning introduces the geographical location, name, nature and age of the Palace Museum. Through the general introduction, we can have a general understanding of the Palace Museum.

2. Descriptive expression

Describe the characteristics or state of things at the beginning, so that readers have an intuitive overall understanding. For example, it is described at the beginning of China Stone Arch Bridge that the bridge opening of the stone arch bridge is curved, just like a rainbow. According to ancient mythology, the rainbow is a "bridge connecting heaven and earth" after rain, and you can go to heaven through the rainbow. Chinese poets compare the arch bridge to a rainbow, saying that the arch bridge is "lying rainbow" and "flying rainbow", and describing the water arch bridge as "Changhong lying wave". Firstly, the state characteristics of the bridge hole, an important part of the stone arch bridge, are described, and then this feature is supplemented by myths and legends and poets' descriptions of the stone arch bridge.

ask questions

Asking questions at the beginning can stimulate readers' thirst for knowledge and interest, and they are eager to know things or things. For example, the first paragraph of Why Flowers Are So Red. By describing the brightness and beauty of safflower, it is natural to ask the question "Why are flowers so red", so that people can understand the reasons and explore the knowledge under the author's specific explanation.

4. Definition

Begin to define things, prompt the connotation (essential characteristics) and extension (including scope) of things, and let people know the essence of things. For example, the beginning of the overall planning law defines things like this: "The overall planning law is a mathematical method for arranging the work process, and its practical scope is extremely wide."

Structural thinking of concrete explanation

1. Arrange the structure according to the self-organization of the description object.

Everything has its own organizational rules. Grasping this law and arranging the structure accordingly can make the content of the explanation orderly and clear. Generally speaking, the organization of movement, change and development of things is expressed in chronological order, and different times have different forms, so the structure can be arranged in chronological order when explaining. For example, books from Oracle Bone Inscriptions to microfilm are arranged in chronological order. First write the embryonic form of the book, then write the formal book, and finally write the modern book, thus the evolution and development process of the manual. Things at rest, such as buildings, places of interest, objects, etc. , often reflect its order from the spatial position. To explain this kind of things, we should press spatial order, first table, then inside, first table, then inside. For example, the Palace Museum describes an ancient architectural complex, which is in a certain spatial orientation and arranged in an orderly manner. The internal building has two main buildings. According to the spatial position, the article first writes the external city gate, then the buildings in the city, and when writing the interior, it writes the lords first, then the times. The whole article is well organized.

2. Arrange the structure according to people's understanding of the object.

Explanatory objects that are unfamiliar to readers and difficult for readers to understand are often from concrete to abstract, from superficial phenomena to internal reasons. From the individual to the universal. In the concrete explanation, it is advisable to write the state first, then the function or reason, and finally reveal the nature and characteristics. For example, the Dead Sea is a rational exposition, and the specific explanation part begins with a phenomenon: it is said that about two thousand years ago, the Roman commander-in-chief Imperial City threw the captive slaves into the Dead Sea, but the slaves were safe and sound. Then explain the reason, this is because the salinity of the dead sea water is very high. Then the cause of the Dead Sea is further explained, indicating that it is the result of natural changes in the first place. This explanation is easy for readers to understand. For things or things familiar to readers, we can give a general explanation first, and then describe individual phenomena. This kind of writing should first write the nature and characteristics, and then write the state, so that people can have an overall understanding of things or things, and then understand them in detail. For example, Suzhou gardens, most readers know gardens, but Suzhou gardens are different from other gardens. Therefore, when writing, we should first state its different nature and characteristics, and then specifically say its form. This structural arrangement helps readers to understand things as soon as possible. The end of an expository article usually ends naturally. Explain clearly, and the article will be over. Some discourses sum up their characteristics at the end, which helps readers distinguish things. For example, the Palace Museum finally wrote: "Standing on the height of Jingshan Mountain, overlooking the Forbidden City, there are many halls, pavilions and walls, which are scattered and orderly. Such a magnificent building complex and such a harmonious and unified layout are amazing. " The end directly points out the characteristics of the Forbidden City complex: grandeur, harmony and unity. Some explanatory articles make some supplementary explanations at the end, or broaden readers' horizons, or enhance the accuracy and rigor of explanations. For example, the end of "Looking at the Weather from the Clouds" reads: "In some cases, understanding the weather from the clouds is often limited, so it is still necessary to rely on the weather forecast." This supplement fully explains the function of "knowing the weather by observing the clouds" and enhances the scientific nature of the explanation. [Thinking Analysis] The expository writing of things is to make the abstract things clear. This kind of exposition mainly explains the essence of things, the internal relations between things or things, and explains the causes, functions and relationships of things. Here are some writing skills to explain the problem-solving process. Write a good explanation to pay attention to the following points. 1. Review the question-find out the object of explanation. To find out the object of explanation, we must first find out whether it is a matter explanation or a matter explanation. A clear explanation of the object can start from the examination of the questions. For example, where does food come from? Its grammatical structure is "Where does food come from?" What the article wants to explain is where the food comes from, that is, how the food comes from. The majestic Great Hall of the People, "majestic" is a modifier, pointing out the characteristics of the explanatory object, and "Great Hall of the People" is the explanatory object. From this, it can be judged that "Where does the grain come from" is an expository text, and "The Great Hall of the People" is an expository text. After clarifying the object of explanation, we should make a train of thought on the topic-determine the central idea. When determining the central idea, we should pay attention to the following three points. The first one is correct. In other words, the nature and regularity of things we explain should have scientific basis and stand the test of practice. The second is profound. Profound means that things should reveal the essence through phenomena and reflect the inherent regularity of things. Readers should not only understand that things are "like this", but also understand "why". The third is concentration. The so-called focus is focus, and the center is clarity. Our understanding of objective things is various, and perceptual materials are abundant, but when determining the center, we can't do without focus and center, and we can't try to tell it all in one article. If you don't go deep into it, you will lose the central idea. 2. Pay attention to the order of interpretation-logical order. Arrange the materials according to the internal relations of things and explain them in logical order. Explanatory text is to explain things, and it is easy to explain clearly in logical order. The text "March in the Desert" that we have studied uses the order of causal explanation. Explaining the abstract principle of natural science is generally explained in the logical order from concrete to abstract, from the analysis of the appearance of things to the essence of things. Because it conforms to the law that people know things. For example, the article "Why are flowers so red" begins with the introduction that "the red color of flowers is the color of enthusiasm …", and then analyzes the essence of "why are flowers so red" from the appearance of safflower. When students write, what kind of interpretation order to use is mainly determined according to the law of the object of interpretation and people's understanding of things, and there is no fixed format. I'm afraid the phrase "endure a calm moment, take a step back and broaden the horizon" has long been a household name. But how many people can really do it? With a knife in your heart, it is not easy to endure the word "forbearance". It is even more difficult to face setbacks with an open mind. Why should people be open-minded? Openness is very important to everyone. An open-minded person, he can face life happily and setbacks, he may fail, but he will not be discouraged and depressed. Well, maybe he will make a comeback. In fact, open-minded people are informal and don't haggle with others, so they often don't waste time on these things and can save time. Keep a good mood, don't you? Open-minded people face life positively. Chinese medicine believes that "excessive emotions will hurt people", such as anger hurting the liver and sadness the lungs. People who are not open-minded are always unhappy and depressed, and often get sick easily. Mao Zedong once said, "If you complain too much, you should watch the scenery." A generation of great men faced the ups and downs of life with an open mind, but they were never defeated. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhou Yu of Wu was an elderly general. With his help, Sun Quan's power developed. He could have gone down in history as a hero. The only fly in the ointment is that he is not enlightened at all. Originally arrogant, he was naturally unconvinced after meeting the resourceful Zhuge Liang. He wanted to use the east wind to embarrass Zhuge Liang and force him to make a hundred thousand arrows. Who knows that Kong Ming not only successfully burned Chibi with the east wind, but also "borrowed" 100,000 arrows from Cao Cao with a straw boat. After repeated defeats and wars, Zhou Yu lamented, "If you are born with Yu, why should you be born with Liang?" He vomited blood and died. It was because he was not open-minded enough that he was finally angry alive. Deng Xiaoping, the second generation leader of China, is different. He is an open-minded man. He once led troops to the Dabie Mountains for thousands of miles, creating the myth that "a brave man is better than a narrow road". He was accused of being a bourgeois capitalist roader; He is the central leader of the country; He was expelled from the party ... if he didn't have an open-minded heart, how did he survive these storms? If he can't get through like Zhou Yu, how can he lead the people to "get rich through reform and opening up"? With the help of an open mind, he was able to overcome the ups and downs of life and step into the glory of his career. Whether building special economic zones or negotiating the return of Hong Kong, their success is due to the efforts of Comrade Xiaoping. Maybe if you were more open-minded, your life would be different. "Bear calm for a while and take a step back."

In short, the explanatory text is rigorous and simple.