Count the festivals in spring.

The third day of the third month of the lunar calendar is just an ordinary day in spring for us now, and we have no feeling about it. However, on March 3rd, the 9th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Xizhi, who was then the general of the right army in Huiji, convened 42 contemporary celebrities and family children in Huiji Mountain, held a famous party, drank and recited poems, and gave birth to "the best running script in the world" and "Preface to Lanting Collection", which directly set a model for the life of later literati and lasted for thousands of years, competing to imitate it. On the third day of March, people usually go out of their homes and bring friends to the water to celebrate the Third Festival.

Festivals are a kind of folk culture that people get together and create together to meet the needs of local production and life. All festivals have their own lives, and there will be various changes over time. Some festivals continue to grow, while others gradually die out.

A year's plan lies in spring. As an agricultural nation, ancient China regarded spring as the end of the world and the beginning of everything. People fear spring and are full of expectations and hopes for it. They express their good wishes for spring through a series of festivals. Therefore, spring is the season when festivals "cluster together". Counting from beginning of spring, the festivals that people still celebrate now are Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day. In fact, there are many festivals in spring in ancient times, such as Shangsi Festival and Cold Food Festival, but they have lost their "soil" and are gradually forgotten by people.

If you open the calendar, you will find that there have been festivals every day in the past three days. April 3rd is the third day of the third lunar month, Shangsi Festival. April 4th is the Cold Food Festival; April 5th is Tomb-Sweeping Day. In the historical process, the "festival" has also been "involuted", and Tomb-Sweeping Day has gradually merged the Shangsi Festival and the Cold Food Festival.

Celebrate the Spring Festival at the first day of the year

With the sound of firecrackers, the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su.

every family always changes new peaches for old ones.

If there is a festival that best represents spring, it must be the Spring Festival. The Spring Festival is the beginning of the year, and it is also the most important festival for us at present. In ancient times, people had a way to celebrate the Spring Festival, such as beating gongs and drums, offering sacrifices to incense, roasting fat chickens and sheep, firecrackers and gongs, and it was very lively.

The celebration content of the Spring Festival is also constantly evolving. For example, the Spring Festival couplets that we are familiar with now appeared after the Tang Dynasty. Its inventor was Meng Chang, the emperor of the post-Shu Dynasty in the Five Dynasties. Everyone is familiar with the couplets he wrote: "New Year, Qing Yu, Jiajie, Changchun." Among the Spring Festival customs mentioned in Wang Anshi's "January Day", only setting off firecrackers continues, but now it has been banned in many places, especially in cities. As for drinking Tu Su wine, the custom of changing peach charms has gradually disappeared.

Lantern Festival is also Valentine's Day

Thousands of trees are blooming in the easterly night, and the stars are raining down.

BMW carves cars and smells fragrant all over the road. The phoenix flute is moving, the jade pot is turning, and the fish and dragon dance all night.

Lantern Festival is the first full moon in the Chinese New Year, with Yuan as the beginning and Night as the full moon. The most delicious thing in the world is reunion. Today, when we celebrate the Lantern Festival, the whole family will get together to eat glutinous rice balls or Yuanxiao. This custom can be traced back to the Song Dynasty, when people called this food "Floating Yuanzi".

In ancient times, there were many activities in the Lantern Festival, such as playing dragon lanterns, enjoying flowers and solve riddles on the lanterns. But these are not the focus of young people's attention. Today's young people can celebrate Valentine's Day no matter what festival, and ancient young people also have enthusiasm.

"Last January night, the flower market was full of lights. On the moon, the willow shoots, and people are about after dusk. " "Find him thousands of baidu in the crowd. Suddenly looking back, the man was there, and the lights were dim. "

From these familiar ancient poems, we can feel the Lantern Festival, an ancient "Valentine's Day" holiday scene for young people. On this day, women who stay indoors on weekdays are free to go out and enjoy the lanterns, which provides opportunities for young single men and women to meet.

Nowadays, young people simply don't want to meet casually, and they don't need to get married through festivals like Lantern Festival. The role of Valentine's Day has been diluted, but the romance in the bones is still circulating in the poems we recite.

Flower Festival in the Name of Flowers

Baihua's birthday is a beautiful day, and it's not half spring in the flower dynasty.

The flowers are full of splendor, and the flowers are decorated with flowers.

Flower Festival, commonly known as Flower God Festival, Hundred Flowers Birthday and Flower God Birthday, is the most beautiful day in spring. The spring flower in "When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon" in Li Yu's famous "Young Beauty" actually refers to the Flower Festival. In the Tang Dynasty, the Flower Festival was scheduled for February 15th, and the specific time of the festival was also different because of the differences between different places. In some places, February 2 is celebrated, while in others, it is scheduled for February 25, so the Flower Festival has become one of the most uncertain festivals.

The Flower Festival, which celebrates Baihua's birthday, is full of romance from the beginning. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were more and more customs, ranging from sightseeing in spring, arranging flowers and hairpin flowers to butterfly-flapping, planting flowers, picking vegetables and eating flower cakes. "In the spring, the flowers are dyed in the green, and the branches cut the ribbon and the east wind blows." This day is the happiest day for girls. They will go out with the curtain, go for a walk in the spring, cut out five-color paper and stick it on the flower branches, which is called "rewarding the red". In the Tang Dynasty, Cui Daorong wrote: "If the north wind is intentional, it is easy to be destroyed", which shows the pity of flower protectors.

Flower Festival is also a festival that flower farmers and grain farmers care about. It is said that the palm of the flower god is in charge of the growth of plants in spring and summer. On this day, farmers spread out all kinds of seeds, so it is best to gather "a hundred kinds of seeds" and pray for the blessing of the flower god, good weather and abundant crops.

Pray for a bumper harvest on Spring Club Day

Rice and fertilizer are planted on the mountain of Ehu, and the porpoises and chickens live opposite each other.

The shadow of Sang Zhe is scattered in the Spring Club, and every family is intoxicated.

Social Day Festival, a traditional festival in China, also known as Land Birthday, is an ancient traditional festival in China. Social Days are divided into Spring Club and Autumn Club, and Spring Club Day is also called February Spring Club Day and Zhonghe Festival. Since the Song Dynasty, there has been a fixed festival time, that is, the fifth day after beginning of spring, around the vernal equinox.

There is a description of Spring Club Day in Lu You's "A Tour of Shanxi Village": the flute and drum follow the Spring Club, and the clothes are simple and ancient. The ancients would offer sacrifices to the social gods (land gods) and the grain gods on Spring Society Day to pray for a bumper harvest. Spring society prayed for the valley, praying for the blessing of the social god and the bumper harvest of the grain. After the harvest, the autumn society reported the good news of the harvest and thanked the social god.

Shangsi Festival is the most romantic day

In late spring, March is the third day, and the peach blossoms are full of spring water.

the music is winding up and down in the sky, and the fairy boat is swaying in the mirror.

Shangsi, as the name implies, is the first day of March in late spring. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, Shangsi Festival was changed to March 3rd, which was the most unforgettable Valentine's Day for single men and women in ancient times, just like Lantern Festival.

Du Fu wrote in two for the road: "on the third day of the Third-month in the freshening weather, many beauties take the air by the Changan waterfront." In the late spring of March, the scenery is just right, and you can visit the countryside, see mountains, water, flowers and beauties. Young men and women take this opportunity to tell each other their hearts and express their love. Many love songs in the Book of Songs, which was born earlier, were sung in this festival. "Wives and women, yiqi will tease and give them a spoon of medicine." Men and women in two of a kind will give peony as a symbol of their commitment.

In addition to the custom of "blind date", there are many customs of Shangsi Festival. "Custom Tongyi Sacrifice Code" says: "Those who have been married will be happy". It means to get rid of illness and pray for happiness. In ancient times, people would go to the river to bathe together, which is called "Sickness", which is a ceremony to get rid of disasters through cleaning. There is a description in The Analects of Confucius: "Those who are in the late spring, who have served in spring, are crowned by five or six people, and the boys are six or seven people. They are bathed in interpretation, and the wind is dancing and singing."

Later, the custom of Shangsi Festival gradually added sacrificial feasts, meandering water, outing in the countryside and so on. The most famous "meandering water flow" in history is the Lanting meeting mentioned at the beginning.

Cold Food Festival named after diet

Scarlet will spit calyx at ten thousand points, and return to the world with a smile.

moved to the ancient temple to plant Zhumen. Cold food in the Ming dynasty, another spring.

Cold Food Festival, also known as "No Smoking Festival", "Cold Festival" and "Hundred Days Festival", takes place one or two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, the Cold Food Festival has a history of more than 2,6 years. Due to its proximity to Tomb-Sweeping Day, it gradually merged with Tomb-Sweeping Day in the Tang Dynasty.

The Cold Food Festival originated in memory of Jietui, a famous person in the pre-Qin Dynasty who was killed by fire. Therefore, on this day, there is a custom of not lighting a fire, but eating cold food. Therefore, the Cold Food Festival is the only festival named after the food custom in China traditional festivals. Su Shi's "Looking at the South of the Yangtze River, Transcendent Taiwan Works" wrote: "After a cold meal, I wake up with wine but I feel uncomfortable. Don't miss your old country for your old friends, and try new tea with new fire. Poetry and wine are in love. " It is said that the fire is not fired until after the Cold Food Festival. His younger brother Su Zhe wrote in a poem "New Fire": "Yesterday, 15 yuan, the old man was cold."

The Cold Food Festival is also a festival of sacrifice. Before the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the cold food sacrifice was called "wild sacrifice". Later, the official in the Tang Dynasty set this day as grave-sweeping day. In addition to sweeping graves to worship ancestors, another major festival theme of Cold Food Festival is outing. On this day, people arrange rich custom activities such as inserting willows, hiking, cuju, planting trees, swinging, enjoying flowers, fighting cocks, feeding banquets and chanting poems.

Tomb-Sweeping Day, the "twin brother" of the Cold Food Festival

During the Qingming Festival, there are many rains, and pedestrians on the road want to die.

excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy laughed and did not answer the apricot mountain village.

Qingming Festival is not only one of the traditional 24 solar terms in China, but also one of the four traditional festivals in China. Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as Walking Festival, Walking Festival, March Festival and ancestor worship Festival. Like the Cold Food Festival, grave-sweeping and outing are two major customs in Tomb-Sweeping Day. After the Tang Dynasty, the Cold Food Festival gradually declined. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Tomb-Sweeping Day absorbed some customs of the Cold Food Festival, and its position rose to gradually replace the Cold Food Festival.

The festive atmosphere in Tomb-Sweeping Day is not "cold and clear". In the Dream of China in Tokyo, Mr. Meng of the Song Dynasty recalled Tomb-Sweeping Day in this way: On the Qingming Day in the capital, the fields were like the city, and cups and plates were listed among the gardens of Fangshu, and they rewarded each other, singing and dancing all over the place, and they arrived at dusk.

From the text, we can make up the lively scene, not only for an outing, but also for putting on a banquet, singing and dancing, and returning home after dark, which is even more lively than people's outing now.

Finally, the historical monarch said:

Spring festivals, whether inherited or gradually forgotten, are all about expressing people's earnest expectations for the year and their good wishes for life. Now, let's pray that the epidemic will bloom and the world will be safe in this spring.