El Ni?o phenomenon

El Nino phenomenon (El Nino? O), also known as El Nino phenomenon, mainly refers to the tropical ocean and abnormal weather in the Pacific Ocean, which has changed the global climate pattern, resulting in drought in some areas and excessive rainfall in some areas. El Nino means "El Nino" in Spanish, because this climate phenomenon usually begins around Christmas. (Spain ni? O means "boy". This phenomenon often lasts for several months or even more than 1 year, and its influence is extremely extensive. There are many views on the causes of El Ni? o phenomenon in the scientific community. The general view is that under normal circumstances, the northeast trade winds blow in the northern hemisphere and the southeast trade winds blow in the southern hemisphere. The trade winds drive the seawater to flow from east to west, forming an equatorial current. The seawater flowing out of the equatorial eastern Pacific is supplemented by the upwelling of the lower layer, which makes the lower layer cold water in this area turn up, and the water temperature is lower than the surrounding area, forming a temperature difference between the east and the west. However, once the upwelling of cold water in the Pacific Ocean is reduced or stopped, the seawater temperature will rise, resulting in a large-scale abnormal weakening of seawater temperature and even a westerly wind. When the upwelling of cold water in the equatorial eastern Pacific decreases or stops, the seawater temperature will rise, leading to abnormal warming in a large range. This sudden increase of warm current invaded the coast of Ecuador to the south, resulting in a sharp rise in seawater temperature, resulting in the death of a large number of cold-water fish populations. Seabirds left one after another because they could not find food, and the fishing grounds suddenly lost their vitality, causing huge losses to coastal countries. From April 1982 to July 1983, the El Ni? o phenomenon was the worst in several centuries, causing 1300 ~ 1500 deaths and economic losses of nearly 10 billion dollars. The El Nino phenomenon in 1986 ~ 1987 made the surface water temperature in the equatorial middle east Pacific about 2℃ higher than the annual average temperature. At the same time, the tropical atmospheric circulation is abnormal, and the weather in tropical areas is abnormal; Heavy rains hit northern and central Peru in South America; The flood of the Amazon River in Colombia has caused the riverbank to burst many times; There is little rain and drought in the northeast of Brazil and hot in the west; Rainfall in eastern Australia and coastal areas has decreased significantly; There is little rain and drought in South China, South Asia and North Africa. At the beginning of 1990, the precursor phenomenon of El Ni? o reappeared. In June this year, the water surface temperature in the central Pacific Ocean was higher than that in previous years. Except the equatorial sea surface temperature, the sea surface temperature in the west of international date line is nearly 65438 0℃ higher than that in previous years. The warm water layer at 28℃ near the sea surface is about 10 meter shallower than in previous years. The water level in the Pacific coast of South America is higher than normal 15 ~ 30cm. At the same time, the warm seawater driven by El Nino phenomenon affects the movement of fish and destroys the growth of coral reefs. Now, even if there is a little abnormal weather, people naturally blame these abnormal weather on El Nino. However, there is no doubt that El Nino will cause climate anomalies. Therefore, scientists are closely monitoring the occurrence of El Ni? o phenomenon to prevent it from causing great losses to people. In order to let you know more about this phenomenon that people often talk about in recent years, this chapter will briefly introduce the essence of El Ni? o phenomenon and its impact on the climate. The origin of El Ni? o In fact, this "thing" of El Ni? o is not a "freak" that suddenly appeared in recent years. In fact, Peruvians in South America noticed this phenomenon as early as16th century. However, due to the progress of science and technology in recent decades, scientists began to understand that El Ni? o will not only have a major impact on Peru, but also on the global climate and social economy, so scientists began to mention this term frequently. At the same time, the disaster caused by 1997-98 El Nino phenomenon has caused extensive damage to the world and affected the world economy. In addition, the media reported the impact of this El Ni? o on all parts of the world, so the world gradually realized the existence of this phenomenon. As early as 16 and 17 centuries, Peru, a country in the eastern Pacific Ocean, was colonized by Spain, so this family was deeply influenced by Spanish culture, so most people spoke Spanish and believed in Catholicism. On the other hand, because Peru is located on the Pacific coast, many people make a living by fishing. In the Pacific Ocean near Peru, a cool and nutritious seawater surges out from the bottom of the sea (see the upward arrow in Figure 2), which enables a large number of marine phytoplankton to grow and fish to flourish. Therefore, Peruvian fishermen can fish here and get rich catches. As far as this sea area is concerned, it accounts for 16% of the world's marine catch, so this sea area is also one of the major fishing grounds in the world. But it didn't last long. Peruvian fishermen have found that every three to seven years, the original rich catch there will be greatly reduced, which will have a disastrous impact on them-not only affecting the livelihood of fishermen, but also affecting Peru's economy and people's livelihood. Because this phenomenon usually occurs during Christmas, Peruvian fishermen who are influenced by strong religious thoughts are willing to believe that this phenomenon is a miracle-they call it "El Ni? o" phenomenon. Therefore, whenever El Nino appears, they will worship El Nino and pray for the early recovery of their catch. The word El Nino is Spanish, which means "the child of Christ". In fact, the reason why the El Ni? o phenomenon occurred and the catch on the coast of Peru decreased was because the temperature of seawater rose, which made phytoplankton, a favorite fish, unable to survive in warmer water temperature. In this way, a large number of fish will die because of lack of food, and the number of seabirds that feed on fish will be greatly reduced because of lack of food. In oceanography, El Nino is a phenomenon that the sea surface temperature rises by 2- 4℃ within about 1000 km near Peru or Ecuador. Generally speaking, the sea surface temperature (SST) in the central Pacific Ocean and the eastern equator is 15-2 1 Celsius, but when El Nino appears, the sea surface temperature will rise by 2- 4 Celsius, reaching 22-26 Celsius. Although this temperature difference is not too significant for us, it is enough to have a huge impact on the world. In fact, the earth's atmospheric system is greatly influenced by the temperature of seawater. Whenever the seawater temperature rises by 0.5 degrees Celsius, the atmospheric temperature above it can rise by 6 degrees Celsius at the highest, which is enough to cause global atmospheric circulation and climate anomalies in vast areas of the world. Figure 2 illustrates the atmospheric circulation under normal conditions. Under normal circumstances, because the earth rotates from west to east, the seawater heated by the sun in the equatorial region will accumulate in the equatorial western Pacific Ocean due to inertia. In this way, the western Pacific will form a vast warm water area, called a warm pool. This vast warm water area will heat up the opposite air and form a large number of precipitation clouds; The rising air will make the equatorial Pacific trade winds blow from east to west around the equator to supplement the rising air there; At the same time, this westerly wind will strengthen the accumulation of seawater, making the seawater in the equatorial western Pacific not less than 20 cm higher than that in the eastern Pacific. Moreover, because the equatorial seawater flows westward, there will be upwelling from the seabed to the surface of the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean to supplement the flowing seawater. This upwelling will not only cool the seawater in this area, but also bring rich nutrients from the bottom of the sea to the surface, so that marine life in this area can multiply. On the other hand, the rising air in Indonesia will sink in the equatorial eastern Pacific, making the area drier. Therefore, the precipitation clouds in the western equatorial Pacific will bring abundant precipitation to northern Australia and Indonesia, while the eastern equatorial Pacific lacks rain. This meridional (east-west) atmospheric circulation is the famous Walker circulation. However, this meridional atmospheric circulation (that is, the east-west atmospheric movement) has formed a remarkable geographical feature: Indonesia has formed a tropical rain forest, while Peru's air sinking, coupled with the cold sea water brought by the Humboldt current from the Antarctic to the equator, makes the air in this area stable, lacks the upward movement of air, makes precipitation difficult to occur, and has a dry climate. The famous Atacama desert in South America was thus formed. However, for some reason, this trade wind that makes the warm water in the equatorial western Pacific accumulate will suddenly weaken. The sudden weakening of the trade winds will produce a wave called kelvin wave. Kelvin wave is blown by the sea surface wind blowing from west to east near the equator. Originally, the easterly wind in the equatorial Pacific would allow the seawater in the western equatorial region to accumulate peacefully, but the outbreak of westerly wind would push warm water to the middle of the Pacific Ocean, thus causing the local seawater temperature to rise. Moreover, the weakening of the trade winds will cause the seawater accumulated in the equatorial western Pacific to pour eastward, resulting in kelvin wave, which will force the baroclinic pressure in the eastern Pacific (with obvious difference in seawater temperature) to drop and increase the local sea surface temperature. In this way, the original warm water area in the equatorial western Pacific will move eastward, and at the same time, the entire precipitation area will also move eastward. With the distance from the precipitation area, it will lead to drought in northern Australia and Indonesia, which were originally rich in precipitation, but on the one hand, it will bring a lot of rain to the originally arid western South America and cause floods and flash floods in the local areas (Peru and Ecuador). This is the process of El Nino phenomenon. It takes about two and a half months for kelvin wave to cross the Pacific Ocean. When it is formed, it will spread eastward regardless of season. However, not every kelvin wave will produce El Nino. When kelvin wave reaches the coast of South America, it will spread south and north to North America and South America. At the same time, it will also produce a Ros *** y wave that bounces westward. However, Rosbebo's propagation speed is only one third of that of kelvin wave. Therefore, it takes nine months to cross the Pacific Ocean. Rossby waves will depress the stratosphere in the equatorial western Pacific, so some people think that Rossby waves will dissipate El Nino.

Reference:. qid=700609 1803522

El Nino El Nino (El Nino? O), also known as El Nino phenomenon, which means "Christ child", is a term used by fishermen in Peru and Ecuador to deal with an abnormal climate phenomenon. It mainly refers to the abnormal continuous warming of seawater temperature in the tropical ocean in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean, which changes the global climate pattern, causing drought in some areas and excessive rainfall in some areas. Its frequency is irregular, but it happens once every four years on average. Basically, if this phenomenon lasts less than five months, it will be called El Nino phenomenon; If it lasts for five months or more, it will be called an El Nino event. El Nino means "El Nino" in Spanish, because this climate phenomenon usually begins around Christmas. Among them, Ni? O means "boy" in Spanish. This phenomenon often lasts for several months or even exceeds 1 year, and its influence is extremely extensive. The feminine noun of El Nino is La Nina? A) La Nina means "girl". There are many views on the causes of El Ni? o phenomenon in the scientific community. The common view is that in general, the northeast trade wind blows near the equator in the northern hemisphere and the southeast trade wind blows near the equator in the southern hemisphere. The trade winds drive the seawater to flow from east to west, forming the north equatorial current and the south equatorial warm current respectively. The seawater flowing out of the equatorial eastern Pacific is supplemented by the upwelling of the lower layer, which makes the lower layer cold water in this area turn up, and the water temperature is lower than the surrounding area, forming a temperature difference between the east and the west. However, once the upwelling of cold water in the Pacific Ocean is reduced or stopped, the seawater temperature will rise, resulting in a large-scale abnormal weakening of seawater temperature and even a westerly wind. When the upwelling of cold water in the equatorial eastern Pacific decreases or stops, the seawater temperature will rise, leading to abnormal warming in a large range. This sudden increase of warm current invaded south along the coast of Ecuador, which led to a sharp rise in seawater temperature and caused a large number of cold-water fish to die. Seabirds left one after another because they could not find food, and the fishing ground suddenly lost its vitality, causing great losses to coastal countries. Precursors for the formation of El Ni? o include: the pressure rise in the Indian Ocean, Indonesia and Australia; The sea surface pressure in Tahiti and the central and eastern Pacific Ocean decreased; The trade winds in the South Pacific weaken or blow eastward; The warm air rising near Peru makes the local desert rain; Warm air spreads from the west coast of the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean. At the same time, it will cause rain in the arid areas in the east. The phenomenon affecting the great El Nino once appeared in the following years: 1790-93.

1828

1876-78

189 1

1925-26

1982-83

1997-98 In recent years, the El Ni? o phenomenon occurred in the following years: 1986- 1987.

199 1- 1992

1993

1994

1997- 1998

2002-2003

2004-2005

The El Ni? o phenomenon from April 2006-2007 to June 1998 was the worst in centuries. The water surface temperature in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean is about 4-5℃ higher than normal, resulting in 1.300 ~ 1.500 deaths and economic losses of nearly10 billion US dollars. 1986 ~ 1987, the surface water temperature in the equatorial middle east Pacific is about 2℃ higher than the annual average temperature. At the same time, the tropical atmospheric circulation is abnormal, and the weather in tropical areas is abnormal; Heavy rains hit northern and central Peru in South America; The flood of the Amazon River in Colombia has caused the riverbank to burst many times; There is little rain and drought in the northeast of Brazil and hot in the west; Rainfall in eastern Australia and coastal areas has decreased significantly; There is little rain and drought in South China, South Asia and North Africa. At the beginning of 1990, the precursor phenomenon of El Ni? o reappeared. In June this year, the water surface temperature in the central Pacific Ocean was higher than that in previous years. Except the equatorial sea surface temperature, the sea surface temperature in the west of international date line is nearly 65438 0℃ higher than that in previous years. The warm water layer at 28℃ near the sea surface is about 10 meter shallower than in previous years. The water level in the Pacific coast of South America is higher than normal 15 ~ 30 cm. From 1997 to 1998, the sea surface temperature in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean was about 3-4℃ higher than normal, causing floods in the Yangtze River, persistent rainstorms in South China and large-scale forest fires in Southeast Asia. This El Nino phenomenon occurred immediately after 1990- 1994, with a rare frequency but a small scale. At the same time, the warm seawater driven by El Nino phenomenon affects the movement of fish and destroys the growth of coral reefs. The way to prevent it is Rossby wave, which will depress the stratosphere in the equatorial western Pacific, so some people think that Rossby wave will make El Nino dissipate.

Reference: I

Hot places get cold.

Cold places get hot!

El Nino phenomenon (El Nino? O), also known as El Nino phenomenon, which means "Christ child", is a term used by fishermen in Peru and Ecuador to deal with an abnormal climate phenomenon. It mainly refers to the abnormal continuous warming of seawater temperature in the tropical ocean in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean, which changes the global climate pattern, causing drought in some areas and excessive rainfall in some areas. Its frequency is irregular, but it happens once every four years on average. Basically, if this phenomenon lasts less than five months, it will be called El Nino phenomenon; If it lasts for five months or more, it will be called an El Nino event. El Nino means "El Nino" in Spanish, because this climate phenomenon usually begins around Christmas. Among them, Ni? O means "boy" in Spanish. This phenomenon often lasts for several months or even exceeds 1 year, and its influence is extremely extensive. The feminine noun of El Nino is La Nina? A) La Nina means "girl". There are many views on the causes of El Ni? o phenomenon in the scientific community. The common view is that in general, the northeast trade wind blows near the equator in the northern hemisphere and the southeast trade wind blows near the equator in the southern hemisphere. The trade winds drive the seawater to flow from east to west, forming the north equatorial current and the south equatorial warm current respectively. The seawater flowing out of the equatorial eastern Pacific is supplemented by the upwelling of the lower layer, which makes the lower layer cold water in this area turn up, and the water temperature is lower than the surrounding area, forming a temperature difference between the east and the west. However, once the upwelling of cold water in the Pacific Ocean is reduced or stopped, the seawater temperature will rise, resulting in a large-scale abnormal weakening of seawater temperature and even a westerly wind. When the upwelling of cold water in the equatorial eastern Pacific decreases or stops, the seawater temperature will rise, leading to abnormal warming in a large range. This sudden increase of warm current invaded south along the coast of Ecuador, which led to a sharp rise in seawater temperature and caused a large number of cold-water fish to die. Seabirds left one after another because they could not find food, and the fishing ground suddenly lost its vitality, causing great losses to coastal countries. Precursors for the formation of El Ni? o include: the pressure rise in the Indian Ocean, Indonesia and Australia; The sea surface pressure in Tahiti and the central and eastern Pacific Ocean decreased; The trade winds in the South Pacific weaken or blow eastward; The warm air rising near Peru makes the local desert rain; Warm air spreads from the west coast of the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean. At the same time, it will cause rain in the arid areas in the east. The phenomenon affecting the great El Nino once appeared in the following years: 1790-93.

1828

1876-78

189 1

1925-26

1982-83

1997-98 In recent years, the El Ni? o phenomenon occurred in the following years: 1986- 1987.

199 1- 1992

1993

1994

1997- 1998

2002-2003

2004-2005

The El Ni? o phenomenon from April 2006-2007 to June 1998 was the worst in centuries. The water surface temperature in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean is about 4-5℃ higher than normal, resulting in 1.300 ~ 1.500 deaths and economic losses of nearly10 billion US dollars. 1986 ~ 1987, the surface water temperature in the equatorial middle east Pacific is about 2℃ higher than the annual average temperature. At the same time, the tropical atmospheric circulation is abnormal, and the weather in tropical areas is abnormal; Heavy rains hit northern and central Peru in South America; The flood of the Amazon River in Colombia has caused the riverbank to burst many times; There is little rain and drought in the northeast of Brazil and hot in the west; Rainfall in eastern Australia and coastal areas has decreased significantly; There is little rain and drought in South China, South Asia and North Africa. At the beginning of 1990, the precursor phenomenon of El Ni? o reappeared. In June this year, the water surface temperature in the central Pacific Ocean was higher than that in previous years. Except the equatorial sea surface temperature, the sea surface temperature in the west of international date line is nearly 65438 0℃ higher than that in previous years. The warm water layer at 28℃ near the sea surface is about 10 meter shallower than in previous years. The water level in the Pacific coast of South America is higher than normal 15 ~ 30 cm. From 1997 to 1998, the sea surface temperature in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean was about 3-4℃ higher than normal, causing floods in the Yangtze River, persistent rainstorms in South China and large-scale forest fires in Southeast Asia. This El Nino phenomenon occurred immediately after 1990- 1994, with a rare frequency but a small scale. At the same time, the warm seawater driven by El Nino phenomenon affects the movement of fish and destroys the growth of coral reefs. The word La Nina, like El Ni? o, is Spanish, meaning little girl. Under La Nina phenomenon, the seawater temperature in the equatorial eastern Pacific will be lower than normal. Because La Nina's state is just the opposite of El Ni? o (under El Ni? o, the sea temperature will be warmer than normal), she can also be called El Viho (El Viho also means "old man" in Spanish) and cold events/episodes. Like El Nino, the climate anomaly caused by La Nina is caused by the change of seawater temperature. Generally speaking, the water temperature in the South Pacific off the west coast of South America is 15℃-2 1℃, which can reach 25℃. In the middle of the Pacific Ocean. In El Ni? o, the area of warm water in the central Pacific will expand, but in La Ni? a, the area of warm water will shrink, and the water temperature will drop by 4℃. This drop in water temperature is now due to the strengthening of the equatorial easterly wind, which makes more warm water drift to the equatorial western Pacific and makes more cold water come up from the deep sea off Peru to supplement the flowing seawater. Generally speaking, La Nina occurs every three to five years, and each time lasts about nine months to two years. Similar to El Nino phenomenon, it generally begins to appear in the middle of the year, and the extreme value appears at the end of the year and dissipates in the following year. However, the negative climate impact caused by La Ni? a phenomenon is not as serious as that caused by El Ni? o phenomenon, but usually La Ni? a will strengthen the climate characteristics of a place. For example, a place that was originally wet and rainy will be even wetter and wetter under the influence of La Nina phenomenon. Therefore, under the La Nina phenomenon, Southeast Asia and Australia will be wetter and wetter, while the Central Pacific will become drier. La Nina's last year was 1950.

1954

1970

1973

1975

1988

1995

And 1998. -Anna 4924511:56 20061213 (UTC) Anna 49245 In fact, the reason for the decrease of the catch in the coast of Peru is that the temperature of seawater is rising, and phytoplankton, which fish like to eat, can't be at a warmer water temperature. In this way, a large number of fish will die because of lack of food, and the number of seabirds that feed on fish will be greatly reduced because of lack of food. In oceanography, El Nino is a phenomenon that the sea surface temperature rises by 2- 4℃ within about 1000 km near Peru or Ecuador. Generally speaking, the sea surface temperature (SST) in the central Pacific Ocean and the eastern equator is 15-2 1 Celsius, but when El Nino appears, the sea surface temperature will rise by 2- 4 Celsius, reaching 22-26 Celsius. Although this temperature difference is not too significant for us, it is enough to have a huge impact on the world. The influence of El Nino phenomenon on the global climate can be described in many ways. However, its main impact is that it will bring unusually rainy, dry, unusually high temperature or unusually cold climate to all places, causing direct economic losses and threatening people's lives and property. At the same time, it also leads to crop failure, which in turn affects the economy, reduces food supply and causes famine in some places. 1997-98 the economic loss caused by El Nino is estimated to reach 1000 billion US dollars, which is greater than the loss caused by the strong El Nino in 1982-83, and the number of casualties is even more difficult to estimate. The following are some of the more significant impacts of El Ni? o: 1. Peru and Colombia, which are located on the west coast of South America, are the most affected areas by El Ni? o. Whenever El Ni? o occurs, floods and flash floods often occur locally. At the same time, floods will also lead to an increase in cases of cholera, malaria or dengue fever. In addition, warm sea water will greatly reduce the catch in South America and affect the livelihood of people who make a living by fishing. This is because the original food chain and biological habits have been destroyed. 2. El Nino in Indonesia and Australia will lead to drought and crop failure in these two places. At the same time, drought can also lead to forest fires, among which 1997 Indonesian forest fire has seriously polluted the air in Southeast Asia. Forest fire caused 15000 people to seek medical treatment due to respiratory tract or eye discomfort. In the long run, the reduction of rainforest area will have an adverse impact on the global climate. 3. Also in Africa, El Ni? o will also lead to drought in East Africa. 1982-83 In the El Ni? o year, drought caused crop failure, which led to famine in Ethiopia and the Sahel region of Central Africa. On the other hand, it will cause floods in Central Africa. 1997-98 El Ni? o brought heavy rains to Sudan and Kenya, resulting in crop failure. 4. El Nino in the United States can make the northeast and northwest of the United States warmer than normal, while the south of the United States is wetter than normal, and the Mississippi River can be flooded; Heat waves hit the southwestern United States, and winter storms increased, but hurricane activity decreased.

Reference: zh. *** /w/index？ Title =% E5% 8e% 84% E7% 88% BE% E5% B0% BC% E8% AB% BE% E7% 8F% BE% E8% B1%A1&; Variant =zh-

El Nino phenomenon (El Nino? O), also known as El Nino phenomenon, which means "Christ child", is a term used by fishermen in Peru and Ecuador to deal with an abnormal climate phenomenon. It mainly refers to the abnormal continuous warming of seawater temperature in the tropical ocean in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean, which changes the global climate pattern, causing drought in some areas and excessive rainfall in some areas. Its frequency is irregular, but it happens once every four years on average. Basically, if this phenomenon lasts less than five months, it will be called El Nino phenomenon; If it lasts for five months or more, it will be called an El Nino event. El Nino means "El Nino" in Spanish, because this climate phenomenon usually begins around Christmas. Among them, Ni? O means "boy" in Spanish. This phenomenon often lasts for several months or even exceeds 1 year, and its influence is extremely extensive. The feminine noun of El Nino is La Nina? A) La Nina means "girl". There are many views on the causes of El Ni? o phenomenon in the scientific community. The common view is that in general, the northeast trade wind blows near the equator in the northern hemisphere and the southeast trade wind blows near the equator in the southern hemisphere. The trade winds drive the seawater to flow from east to west, forming the north equatorial current and the south equatorial warm current respectively. The seawater flowing out of the equatorial eastern Pacific is supplemented by the upwelling of the lower layer, which makes the lower layer cold water in this area turn up, and the water temperature is lower than the surrounding area, forming a temperature difference between the east and the west. However, once the upwelling of cold water in the Pacific Ocean is reduced or stopped, the seawater temperature will rise, resulting in a large-scale abnormal weakening of seawater temperature and even a westerly wind. When the upwelling of cold water in the equatorial eastern Pacific decreases or stops, the seawater temperature will rise, leading to abnormal warming in a large range. This sudden increase of warm current invaded south along the coast of Ecuador, which led to a sharp rise in seawater temperature and caused a large number of cold-water fish to die. Seabirds left one after another because they could not find food, and the fishing ground suddenly lost its vitality, causing great losses to coastal countries. Precursors for the formation of El Ni? o include: the pressure rise in the Indian Ocean, Indonesia and Australia; The sea surface pressure in Tahiti and the central and eastern Pacific Ocean decreased; The trade winds in the South Pacific weaken or blow eastward; The warm air rising near Peru makes the local desert rain; Warm air spreads from the west coast of the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean. At the same time, it will cause rain in the arid areas in the east. [Editor] The phenomenon affecting the great El Ni? o once appeared in the following years: 1790-93.

1828

1876-78

189 1

1925-26

1982-83

1997-98 In recent years, the El Ni? o phenomenon occurred in the following years: 1986- 1987.

199 1- 1992

1993

1994

1997- 1998

2002-2003

2004-2005

The El Ni? o phenomenon from April 2006-2007 to June 1998 was the worst in centuries. The water surface temperature in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean is about 4-5℃ higher than normal, resulting in 1.300 ~ 1.500 deaths and economic losses of nearly10 billion US dollars. 1986 ~ 1987, the surface water temperature in the equatorial middle east Pacific is about 2℃ higher than the annual average temperature. At the same time, the tropical atmospheric circulation is abnormal, and the weather in tropical areas is abnormal; Heavy rains hit northern and central Peru in South America; The flood of the Amazon River in Colombia has caused the riverbank to burst many times; There is little rain and drought in the northeast of Brazil and hot in the west; Rainfall in eastern Australia and coastal areas has decreased significantly; There is little rain and drought in South China, South Asia and North Africa. At the beginning of 1990, the precursor phenomenon of El Ni? o reappeared. In June this year, the water surface temperature in the central Pacific Ocean was higher than that in previous years. Except the equatorial sea surface temperature, the sea surface temperature in the west of international date line is nearly 65438 0℃ higher than that in previous years. The warm water layer at 28℃ near the sea surface is about 10 meter shallower than in previous years. The water level in the Pacific coast of South America is higher than normal 15 ~ 30 cm. From 1997 to 1998, the sea surface temperature in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean was about 3-4℃ higher than normal, causing floods in the Yangtze River, persistent rainstorms in South China and large-scale forest fires in Southeast Asia. This El Nino phenomenon occurred immediately after 1990- 1994, with a rare frequency but a small scale. At the same time, the warm seawater driven by El Nino phenomenon affects the movement of fish and destroys the growth of coral reefs. Image reference: upload.wikimedia/ * * */Mons/Thumb /5/5A/ El Nino /300 px- El Nino Image reference: zh. * * */Skins- 1.5/mon/images/Magnify-clip 199765438。

Reference: zh. *** /w/index？ Title =% E5% 8e% 84% E7% 88% BE% E5% B0% BC% E8% AB% BE% E7% 8F% BE% E8% B1%A1&; Variant =zh-