What is Sanqing? What is their origin?

Sanqing is a symbol of the trinity theory of Taoist philosophy.

Chapter 42 of the Tao Te Ching says: "The Tao gives birth to one, two, three and all things. Everything is negative and positive, and it is harmonious. " From nameless avenue to chaotic vitality, from vitality to yin and yang, yin and yang combine to create everything. Chapter 14 also says: "If you don't look at the name, you are called a foreigner; If you listen, you will call it hope; If you don't fight, it's called micro. These three can't be blamed, so they are mixed into one. " I think one is three and three is one. ""divided into three, this is always one. "Later, Taoism derived three gods. Therefore, the "Sanqing" deity is the most respected in the Taoist immortal system.

The seventh volume of "Daoism" is quoted from "Taizhenke" and says: "Rhoda gave birth to Xuanyuan Sanqi, which turned into Sanqing Day: a clear sky in Wan Li, and it was only achieved; The next day, Yu Yu went to the Qing Dynasty. The third is that the sky is too clear and the atmosphere is mysterious. Since then, three gases have been born. "

According to Taoist books such as "The Seven Chapters of the Cloud" and "The Taoist Hui Yuan", the sky is clear and clear, and the mixed points are too empty, and its qi begins to be green, and the true Tao rises to the sacred land, and Tianbao Zun (Yuan Shi Tian Zun) governs; Yu Yu entered the Qing Dynasty in the rest of the day, and his qi was yellow, and Xianlu rose to the true state, and Lingbao respected it; The sky is too clear and the gas is white; Humanity rose to a fairyland, where Taoism lived. Wen said: "These four kinds of people and heaven are above the three realms, so it is better to have three realms between them. Above Sanqing is Daluotian, where the Buddha lived and gave lectures in the Yuan Dynasty. Tianbao Junzhi is in the realm of jade Qing, and the sky is high and the clouds are light. Lingbaojun aims to be clear, that is, fish and rain are wild, and Shenbaozun (moral Buddha) is clear, that is, holding Amano. " ("The Seven Chapters of Cloud", Volume III, "The Beginning of Taoism")

According to the "Interpretation of the Truth", the "Reading Notes" says: "Sanqing lived in the sacred land of Yuqing, and lived there since the Yuan Dynasty; Qing sacred land, Daojun lived there; Taiqing fairyland, where the old gentleman lives. " At the same time, Taoism's worship of Sanqing gods also embodies the deification of Taoism's "Three Caves True Classics".

"The Seven Chapters of Clouds", volume six or three holes, says: "On the gate, those who have three holes in the cloud are called holes. Xuan Tong is great. There are three systems, so there are three holes in the cloud. The first hole is real, the second hole is mysterious, and the third hole is god. It is the mysterious purpose of the three games and the spiritual chapter of the eight major. "

According to the record of "Wei Qing's Divine Position in Wei Qing Road and Law Hub", "Road and Law Huiyuan" Volume 1; At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, the sage represented the eastern part of Miao Dao, assisted Taixuan and spread Wei Qing School. Wei Qing Xuanzu hired Dadaojun in Qingling Fuyu, representing Dong Xuanjing's department, supplemented by Taiping, and inheriting Lingbao School; Xuanlaojun, the ancestor of the Five Spirits of Taiqing Morality, represents Dong's nervous system, supplemented by Taiqing, and the way of "one alliance and one prestige" runs through the three caves, spreading morality and orthodoxy.

There is a historical process in the image of respecting God in Sanqing. During the reign of Emperor Shundi of Han Dynasty (126-144), Hemingshan and Zhang Daoling (now Dayi County, Sichuan Province) established Wudou Mi Dao, and honored "the old gentleman on the throne" as the highest god. Later, Kou Qian-zhi reformed the Heavenly Teacher's Way, and also regarded "Tai Shang Lao Jun" as the earliest supreme god, but the name "Moral Heavenly Zun" has appeared. As far as we can see, the name of "Sanqing" first appeared in Tao Hongjing's "True Spiritual Industry Map" written in Nanliang. The book arranges the order of immortals, which is divided into seven levels, and each level has a median value. On the first middle position, on the theory of virtual emperor and Taoist monarch, it is appropriate to be named Yuanshi Tianzun. Secondly, I went to Shengtai, Gao Qing and Huangyuan Avenue, Chen Yu. Third place, Taiji Jinmen Emperor, surnamed Li, (Renchen teaches Taiping Lord). Fourth, Taiqing is better than the old gentleman. Your majesty is on the supreme road, sir. Among them, the name of Shangqing Taiqing was obviously put forward, but the order of the names of Sanqing has not yet been determined. The third place is "Golden Valve Emperor" and Taishang Laojun is in the fourth place. Since then, the name of "Sanqing" has gradually changed and developed, and it was not until the Tang Dynasty that it became a definite theory.

Volume 7 of the Book of Taoist Collection, Taiping Department and Three-point Beads Capsule quoted the old gentleman as saying: "This is the realm of Jade Qing, and it has been 35 days since the early Yuan Dynasty. This is the upper bound, the road is too high (Lingbao Tianzun), more than 34 days. Too clear and too eye-catching, it is too superior to the old throne, more than 33. " So "Sanqing" became the highest god of Taoism.

Yuan Shi Tian Zun, also known as "Jade Qing Yuan Shi Tian Zun". In the "Three Clearances", it is the most respected and the first deity among Taoist immortals. "The Fairy Mirror of Past Dynasties" called him "the ancestor who presided over the heaven". Despite his high position, he appeared later than the old man. In the early days of Taoism, there was no such thing as "the first Buddha", and there was no record in Taiping Jing and Xianger Zhu. In the myths and legends of China, the origin can't be found. According to Taoist records, the earliest name of "Yuan Shi" appeared in Jin's Book in Pillow. According to records, before chaos opened, there was an essence of heaven and earth, named "the king of the Yuan Dynasty", swimming in it. After the second ceremony, the king of the Yuan Dynasty lived on the heavenly heart, inhaled the weather and drank underground spring water. After several disasters, she became intimate with the jade girl in Taiyuan, and gave birth to the emperor, the Queen Mother of the West, the birthplace of the emperor and the Yellow Emperor. Later, she was born in Xihe, and Shennong was also of Miao descent. He also said: "The capital of Du Xuan is the Seven Treasures in the Jade Well, with three palaces, namely the Upper Palace, the Middle Palace and the Lower Palace. The real Pangu, the king of the Yuan Dynasty and his wife, the Virgin Mary, visited this palace. " At this point, only the name of the late king is left. It was not until the Southern Dynasties that Liang Tao Hongjing's "True Spirit Industry Map" began to have the title of "Yuan God". In the first preface of the book, the middle god is "coming to power as a virtual emperor and a Taoist monarch", which should be called "the Buddha of the Yuan Dynasty", mainly called "the Buddha of the Yu Jing Qing Dynasty". But there is also a "Yuan God" in the book, which is listed as the four gods in the middle position and the four gods in the left position. The "heir of Sui Shu's capital city" began to shout to Yuan Shen, calling him "born before Thai Yuan". It is believed that "the Buddha's body is immortal, and every time he opens the world, he is given a secret passage, which is called robbery." However, it has not been robbed once, so there are Yan Kang, Chi Ming, Han Long and Huang Kai, which are their titles. Their problems are four billion years apart, and they are all top-grade immortals, including the old gentleman on the throne, the old gentleman on the throne, the true emperor, the five emperors and the immortal officials. "The Taoist priests in the Sui Dynasty named the Buddha' Le Jing Xin'. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the story of Pangu's true position in ancient myths and legends was put forward. Explain that Taoist believers believed in Buddhism in the early Yuan Dynasty.

As for the Buddha's name at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Volume 23 of Beginner's Classics quoted Yi Jijing of Tai Zhen Xuan to explain: "No sect is supreme, and the only thing can be the beginning of all things, hence the name Yuanshi. Everything in the blessing is extremely respectful, often in the second place, out of the sky, so it is called Tianzun. " "The Mirror of Immortals in Past Dynasties" said: "Those who are Yuan, this is also. Beginning, beginning, innate qi. " It is considered that the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty is the origin and is above all immortals, so it is called "Tianzun". According to the description of the Taoist scriptures, the natural gas of the Buddha in the early days existed before all things in the universe. His noumenon is immortal, even if heaven and earth are completely destroyed, it will not affect his existence at all. Every time a new world is formed, the Buddha will come to this world, teach secret ways and rob people. The subjects were all top-grade immortals, including the Taishang Laojun, the Naive Emperor, Wu Fang Tiandi and other immortals. Whenever a new world is opened, it has its year number, such as Yankang, Qiming, Han Long and Huang Kai. And the number of years is as long as 465,438+0 billion years apart. Moreover, the Buddha in the early Yuan Dynasty spent 36 days in the top "Great Luo Tian" and lived in the fairy house called "Du Xuan Yujing". In the Jade Palace, there are Qibao and Baoyu in the palace. Wang Xian, Gong Xian, Xianqing, Xianbo and Xianfu live in the center, and there are fairy halls on both sides. This style is obviously imitated by emperors on earth.

Throughout the evolution of the Buddha in the Yuan Dynasty, we can find that the word "Yuan" was originally a philosophical term used by Taoism to explain the origin of the world, and later it was deified by Taoism, and gradually evolved into the highest god of Taoism, ranking first in the Sanqing period. From a historical point of view, this is completely consistent with the evolution of Taoism into Taoism.

According to "The Mirror of Immortals in Past Dynasties", the Yuan God's "round light wears seventy-two colors", so the Yuan God enshrined in the Sanqing Hall of Taoism usually wears a sacred light and holds a red pill, or holds it left and right, symbolizing the "infinite realm" when "heaven and earth are not formed, chaos is not opened, and everything is not born" and "Yin and Yang when chaos is going on". For a long time, the Buddha in the early Yuan Dynasty has been deeply worshipped by emperors and sages, down to folk Buddhist men and women.

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Yuanshi Tianzun, also known as Yuqing Yuanshi Tianzun, is the first god in the "Sanqing" of Taoism. Hongjing in the Southern Dynasty divided the gods into seven levels in the Bitmap of True Spirit, and Yuan Zun was listed as the middle of the first level gods. The Thai International Classic explains: "Nothing is supreme, but only energy is the beginning of all things, hence the name" Everything in the Yuan Dynasty is extremely revered ",and it often goes out of the sky in Sanqing, so it is called" Tianzun ". "In the Yuan Dynasty, the Buddha lived in Great Luo Tian, the heaviest day in 36 days, and its fairy house was called the mysterious jade capital. Jade well is paved with gold, and the steps are white jade. There are seven treasures, Kirin, Baoyu and jewels in the palace, and there are Wang Xian, Gong Xian, Xianqing, Xianbo and Xianfu in the central and left and right halls. According to the Taoist scriptures: "Yuan, this is also. Beginning, beginning, innate qi. "This gasification is the man who opened heaven and earth, namely Pangu; Being the ancestor who presided over the heaven was the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. Whenever a new world is formed, the Buddha comes to the world and teaches secrets to the world. He is called "the man who robbed the world".

The Buddha in Yuan Dynasty is generally enshrined in the center of the Sanqing Hall of Taoism, with a bright hood and Dan medicine in his hand, or a void in his left hand and a void in his right hand, symbolizing the "infinity" when "the world is not formed and everything is not born".

Lingbao Tianzun, also known as TEDA and Shangqing Lingbao Tianzun, is Er Shen, the highest Taoist god. Liang Tao Hongjing's "True Spiritual Industry Map" was named "Shangqing Goldman Sachs' Emperor Chen Yu Huang Xuan Avenue" in Er Shen's decree, and it was the master of all schools. According to legend, he lived in the territory of Shangqing, and Taoism called Yu Yutian, teaching Dong Xuanbu's classics, commonly known as Shangqing Lingdi. Shangqing Taishang Daojun was originally "the essence of two mornings" and "the purple smoke of nine celebrations". Later, I was pregnant with Redstone for 3,700 years. He was born in Yue Yue, Yucha Mountain in the west, where he climbed the sacred mountain and ruled Yujing, Du Xuan. He was guarded by 300,000 golden couples, worshipped by all gods and held a portrait by the emperor.

In the Sanqing Hall of Taoism, Lingbao Tianzun is enshrined on the left side of Yuanshi Tianzun, holding Artest Right Sutra (or wishful thinking).

Taishang Laojun, also known as Taiqing Moral Heaven Zun and Taishang Laojun, is the third god of the highest Taoist god "Sanqing". The god of moral god actually evolved from the image of Laozi in the pre-Qin period. Laozi is the founder of the Taoist school. He has written more than 5,000 words about Tao and virtue, which has been handed down all over the world and is called Tao Te Ching or Laozi. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Daoling founded Wudou Mi Dao, which was written as a Taoist book, saying that it was dictated by the old man, taking Laozi's 5,000 essays as the classics and respecting the old man as the leader. From then on, Lao Zi became the founder of Taoism and was respected by believers for a long time. The Tang Dynasty was promoted by the Emperor of Heaven, and the title of Xuanzong in the Tang Dynasty was "Great Sage and Emperor Xuanyuan". In August of the sixth year of Song Xiangfu (10 13), it was added as "Tai Shang Huang, Lao Jun, Hunyuan and Suntech Emperor".