Characteristics of Natural Disasters in Jinan City and Countermeasures for Disaster Reduction

The most important thing is heavy rain.

(1) Strive to improve the accuracy of rainstorm forecast and climate forecast in flood season. Heavy rain can directly cause disasters, and continuous heavy rain or several consecutive heavy rains may even cause floods. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately predict the location, scope and intensity of rainstorm and the occurrence of flood disaster for better preparing for flood control and reducing the losses caused by disasters.

(2) Strengthen the study of rainstorm and rainstorm and flood disasters. Vigorously promote the rainstorm weather forecast, we should make full use of the new generation of radar, satellite, lightning location and other monitoring means, further improve the numerical weather forecast system, establish and improve the meteorological disaster forecast and early warning system with meteorological information analysis and processing as the main body, strengthen the upstream and downstream joint defense, and comprehensively improve the ability and level of meteorological disaster early warning service.

(3) Improve the meteorological support service capacity and improve the disaster emergency system. For severe weather such as rainstorm, the heavy precipitation process mostly comes from mesoscale weather system. Therefore, in order to better prevent and reduce disasters, on the one hand, we should vigorously strengthen the scientific research of small and medium-scale weather systems and improve the forecasting ability and operational monitoring level of disastrous weather such as heavy rain and heavy rain; On the other hand, it is necessary to speed up the construction and transformation of small and medium-sized monitoring bases in order to play a better role. Once a rainstorm and flood disaster occurs, an early warning signal and a prevention guide for sudden meteorological disasters will be issued. The meteorological disaster prevention and command department shall start the meteorological disaster emergency plan, and the meteorological disaster-related management departments at all levels shall timely release disaster forecast and early warning information and defense suggestions to the implementing agencies responsible for meteorological disaster prevention, so that residents can timely understand meteorological disaster information and defense measures. Under the organization and guidance of emergency agencies, effective defense, reasonable disaster avoidance and prevention, safe evacuation of personnel, to minimize the loss of meteorological disasters.

(4) Timely disaster assessment. Disaster assessment is an important link of meteorological disaster early warning system and a quantitative basis for formulating disaster reduction, disaster resistance and emergency rescue countermeasures. On the one hand, according to the characteristics of possible meteorological disasters, combined with comprehensive indicators such as economic density, population density, disaster reduction intensity and disaster prediction ability, a scientific, effective and complete evaluation system is established, including evaluation objectives, evaluation indicators, evaluation models, evaluation structures and evaluation groups. And estimate the loss of meteorological disasters in advance before the disaster, and make a pre-disaster assessment. On the other hand, according to the objective statistics of economic losses and environmental losses such as the affected area, the degree of population casualties, the degree of health damage, and the damaged production and living conditions, post-disaster assessment will be carried out in time. It is necessary to establish and develop a disaster impact assessment model and risk management system, realize quantitative assessment of disaster impact, and provide disaster monitoring, early warning information and technical measures to mitigate disaster impact for the government, decision-making departments and the public.

(5) Engineering measures to strengthen storm and flood prevention. At present, the main engineering measures for flood control and disaster reduction are: first, building dikes, regulating rivers and ensuring smooth transportation in the lower reaches of rivers. Using dikes to suppress river floods is one of the basic means of flood control and a realistic and long-term flood control measure. The second is to build a reservoir. Finally, build flood diversion areas (or flood storage and detention areas) near key protected areas, so that floods exceeding the defense capacity of reservoirs and dikes can be transported to the flood diversion areas in a planned way to protect the safety of downstream areas.

(6) Planting trees, controlling soil erosion, maintaining ecological balance and improving ecological environment. Forests can store water and prevent soil from being washed away by rain.

(7) Raise the public's awareness of preventing storms and floods. Meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation is a long-term national project. People's governments at all levels and their relevant departments shall establish a long-term mechanism for publicity and education on meteorological disaster prevention and reduction, incorporate disaster reduction education into the compulsory education system for citizens, and carry out publicity and education to the society in various forms; It is necessary to vigorously mobilize the masses to participate, enhance the awareness of disaster prevention and avoidance, make full use of various public opinion propaganda tools, highlight popularization and popular science, and achieve the purpose of unifying thoughts and raising the awareness of meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation.