What should I pay attention to when planting oil sunflower?

What should I pay attention to when planting oil sunflower? Oil sunflower, also known as oil sunflower, is one of the important oil crops in China. The linoleic acid content of oil sunflower is about 66%, which is higher than that of soybean, and the cholesterol content is relatively low. It belongs to high-grade edible sunflower seed oil and is especially popular with market participants. In general, oil sunflower can be planted twice a year in the north, in March and April in spring respectively, and the harvest takes about 100~ 120 days.

Summer and autumn are usually planted after wheat harvest, and harvested from mid-late July to early August and from mid-late June to1early October 165438+. If autumn oil sunflower is sown too late, it will be greatly disturbed by oil density. Because the sowing time is too late, the photosynthesis time of leaves is too short, and the photosynthesis nutrition is insufficient, the oil sunflower seeds are round and contain immediately. What should I pay attention to when planting oil sunflower?

Select 1 Variety According to the different planting seasons of oil sunflower, choose oil sunflower varieties. Special attention should be paid to the selection of oil sunflower varieties with long growth period in spring, and varieties with growth period of about 90 days can be selected to increase production. The oil sunflower varieties with a good harvest in summer are generally early-maturing varieties with a growth period of about 70 days, such as hybrid varieties GK9702 and Tonghe 1, especially oil sunflower varieties such as Zaodwarf and Shenkui series products. For the same variety of oil sunflower, it takes longer to finish sowing in spring than in summer.

Sowing usually requires 350 ~ 450 grams of oil sunflower seeds per mu, which requires round seeds and high emergence rate. Spring sowing can be done immediately after tooth urging, and the sowing depth in summer is about 12.5cm. When 2~4 leaves come, replant them in time. In bud stage, the temperature in northern China is different, and the sowing date is slightly different. For example, in the northeast, it is best to sow in the middle and late June to early July. From Beijing to Shenyang in the north, the sowing period of oil sunflower in autumn is generally from mid-late July to early August.

3 Before planting oil sunflower, it is best to plough the mu of land about 20 cm and level it with a micro-tiller. In order to avoid the outflow of chemical fertilizer and maintain a long-term effect, about 50 kilograms of ammonium sulfate type 45% light fertilizer controlled release fertilizer is used per mu, and it is evenly spread before turning over the soil.

4 fertilizer and water management oil sunflower roots are thick. After germination, when the soil layer is not dry, it is seldom watered, and it is extremely suitable to keep the soil water content at 65% ~ 80%. The disk of oil sunflower is very large in the middle and late stage, so it is a key step to improve the lodging resistance of oil sunflower. Therefore, it is necessary to intertillage and loosen the soil, and do a good job in the drainage ditch to prevent seedlings from falling in the middle and late stages. When the oil sunflower enters the flowering stage, it is necessary to cultivate the soil and apply compound fertilizer at the same time, with 20 ~ 25 kg per mu.

5. During the disk formation period of the whole branch oil sunflower, it is very easy to branch, and each branch can emerge from the disk, which affects the growth and development of the main disk, and the branches should be removed in time.

6 pest control The main pests of oil sunflower at seedling stage are cutworms and weevils. Helicoverpa armigera, an oil sunflower sown in spring, is harmless and generally does not need to be controlled. If the harm of summer sowing oil sunflower is serious in the later stage, it needs to be controlled. Generally, Bacillus thuringiensis, chlorantraniliprole, thiophanate-methyl, antiviral alum and zhongshengmycin can be used for prevention and control.

7. The back of the harvested sunflower disk turns yellow-brown, the stems and leaves turn yellow, the petals of the disk dry and fall off, and the peel is hard, which can reach the harvesting standard. The newly harvested sunflower contains a lot of water, so it needs to be aired in time to prevent mildew.