Living habits of African crucian carp

African crucian carp is tilapia cultivated in winter and spring. Tilapia is a good way for farmers to get rich because of its fast reproduction, strong disease resistance, fast growth, low cost and high yield. But tilapia is a tropical fish with weak cold resistance. In winter and spring, when the water temperature drops below 10℃, it will freeze to death. Therefore, attention should be paid to prevent freezing injury when tilapia is cultured in winter and spring. Tilapia that naturally overwinters in outdoor ponds should take certain heat preservation measures during the low temperature period and when the cold current strikes in winter, such as the greenhouse on the pond, which is covered with plastic film to prevent freezing injury. The specific method is: firstly, the greenhouse is built with bamboo and wood into a herringbone scaffold, and the distance from the bottom of the pool to the top of the greenhouse is about 4 meters; Then pull the wire rope from the top of the incense hall and fix it with short stakes. The pulled wire rope should be parallel, with a spacing of about 25 cm. Finally, cover with 0.8 mm white polyethylene insulating film, connect it with the pond edge to form a sealed insulating cover, and reinforce it with ropes to prevent it from being uncovered by wind. Drains should be left at the joint between the membrane and the pond foundation to prevent cold water from infiltrating into the pond in winter. In addition, several movable curtains are set around the swimming pool for staff to enter and exit daily. In addition to strengthening feeding before wintering and during cold current, tilapia should also be properly fed during wintering to ensure that tilapia will not lose weight. Generally, about 1 kg peanut bran should be put into every thousand fish every day, but feeding should be stopped when the water temperature is lower than 20℃ because of the low feeding capacity of tilapia. When the weather is sunny and warm, you can open the curtains to adjust and exchange the air in the pool; When the temperature drops and the cold current strikes, the following work should be done: (1) The film should be thickened, and the film with good quality should be selected as far as possible to improve the specifications of the film. And pull two layers of film on the windward side in the north to enhance the heat preservation ability. (2) The base column of the greenhouse should be thickened, and the fixed pile should be lengthened to1.5m. (3) It is best to tighten the steel wire trunk and flatten the film. (4) When the cold air comes, it is necessary to replenish the groundwater and keep the water depth above 2m, because the groundwater temperature is high and stable, which can increase the water temperature in the aquaculture pond and prevent fish from frostbite. (5) Add a stove to the wintering pool. When the water temperature drops to 13℃, use an iron pan to boil the water, so that the steam can directly enter the room. The chimney of the stove surrounds the wall of the wintering pool to raise the indoor temperature and control the water temperature. Or use an electric heating rod to heat the pool water in the overwintering shed, or use a water heater to heat tap water and spray it on the water surface, so that tilapia can safely overwinter. Doing the above work strictly in the wintering period can create a good living environment for tilapia, prevent the occurrence of freezing injury and improve the breeding income. Edit this section of "Tilapia Capital of China"-Maoming, Guangdong Province has a warm and humid tropical monsoon climate, with abundant sunshine and rainfall, and the annual average temperature in the city is about 23℃. Tilapia farming began in the 1950s. After nearly ten years of development, the tilapia culture area in the city has reached 220,000 mu, accounting for 58% of the freshwater culture area in the city. The annual output of tilapia is180,000 tons, accounting for13 in the whole province and16 in the whole country. The annual output value exceeds 654.38+0.5 billion yuan, making it the largest tilapia producing area in China. In June 5438+this year 10, Maoming was awarded the title of "Tilapia Capital of China" by China Aquatic Products Processing and Marketing Association. The steady development of the tilapia industry in Maoming has roughly gone through four stages: the introduction and trial rearing stage 1959, and the successful introduction and trial rearing of Mozambican tilapia in Gaozhou and Huazhou counties, followed by the popularization of the high-yield technology of "mixed culture, dense rearing and rotation fishing" in the two counties. In September, 196 1, tilapia culture in Mozambique was introduced and promoted in Maoming suburb. 1979, the state-run fry farm in Huazhou County was rebuilt, and more than 7,000 Sudanese Nile tilapia imported from Hainan by Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the second year, they successfully laid eggs and raised seedlings, and gradually promoted reproduction. 1981June promotion stage, female African crucian carp and male Nile tilapia were successfully bred in Gaozhou county freshwater aquaculture experimental field, and this achievement won the third prize of scientific and technological achievements promotion of Guangdong Provincial Fisheries Department. Fushou fish showed heterosis, and the male rate was 70%~80%, which was 20%~30% higher than that of natural breeding. It grows faster than its parents, has slightly stronger cold tolerance and good meat quality, and is well received by producers and consumers. In the second year, it was popularized in Gaozhou County and became the main cultured fish species other than the "four big fish". 1985, three major commodity production bases in Maoming city-Yangmei Town in Huazhou County, Shigu Town in Gaozhou County and suburban bases in Maonan District were successively built. Fish, poultry, livestock and fruits are generally combined, and comprehensive management has achieved remarkable economic benefits. The output of freshwater aquaculture in the city increased rapidly, reaching 1.3 million tons. Tilapia, as a supplementary species of the "four big fish", mainly adopts the methods of polyculture and interplanting, and its output accounts for110 of the total freshwater aquaculture output. In the development stage from 65438 to 0986, the Nile of Sudan, the Nile of Mozambique, the Nile of Egypt and the Nile of Ogarini were introduced into Maoming Freshwater Breeding Experimental Site, and two different varieties were hybridized to cultivate "Onion Fish". The biggest feature of this fish is that the male rate is above 90%, which can avoid the influence of over-breeding, and the individual grows faster than its parents 1 1% ~ 72%. The successful breeding of "Onion Fish" has solved the problems of strong self-reproduction ability and different growth specifications of tilapia, improved the controllability of breeding, and achieved rapid growth and high yield. Farmers who used to raise tilapia at the same time gradually changed to mainly raise tilapia and other fish. From 1987 to 10 of10 of/996, the output of tilapia increased by 40% annually. By 1996, the output of tilapia reached 38,000 tons, surpassing Siniperca chuatsi for the first time, becoming the first variety of freshwater culture in Maoming area. Golden Age In May, 2004, the Maoming Municipal Government officially approved the implementation of the Plan for Building the "Golden Triangle" Industrial Base of Tilapia in Maoming City, which will connect Shigu, Zhenjiang, Baoguang, Jinshan, Shizailing, Shatian and Surabaya in Gaozhou. The experimental development zones of Yangmei, Nansheng, Tongqing, Changqi, Ligang, Shiwan, Dongshan, Xia Guo, Hexi and Jianjiang in Huazhou; Twenty-three towns (street offices) such as Jintang, Guangong, Xinpo, Gaoshan, Zhensheng and Aotou have built the "Golden Triangle" industrial base of tilapia. Driven by the development strategy of tilapia's "Golden Triangle" industrial base, tilapia breeding boom has been rising, and farmers from all over the world have pushed ponds to raise fish. The huge output of tilapia attracts businessmen from all sides to join the ranks of tilapia processing and sales. Among them, local processing plants headed by Changxing, Jiahui and Luyuan process and export 60,000 tons of tilapia annually. The refrigeration plants of Yuelong Group Company and Maoming Food Group Company, as well as a number of aquatic products transportation enterprises, are mainly responsible for domestic sales. The sales volume of fresh tilapia and strip frozen tilapia sold to the domestic market reached 40,000 tons. In addition, Zhanjiang Hengxing Group and foreign processing enterprises such as Zhuhai, Yangjiang, Shantou and Guangxi Beihai have also come to Maoming to purchase tilapia as raw materials for processing and export, with an annual purchase of about 70,000 tons of fresh tilapia. The overall sales of tilapia gradually formed a good situation of local processing, prosperous foreign circulation and complementary domestic and foreign markets, which better solved the sales outlet of tilapia. There are 28 tilapia seed farms in Maoming, including two national tilapia seed farms under construction and one provincial tilapia seed farm under construction/kloc-0, with an annual output of 900 million high-quality tilapia seeds. A number of all-weather tilapia incubation workshops and parent fish heat preservation greenhouses will be built, and tilapia seedlings will be produced every year 10 month. By June 38, 2008+February, 23 tilapia farms (enterprises) in the city had passed the pollution-free certification, covering an area of 26,000 mu. The filing base of tilapia export raw materials covers an area of 6.5438+200,000 mu. Large tilapia processing and export enterprises include Jiahui Food, Changxing Food, Jiali Food and Hemingway Food. In addition, Maoming Lusheng Park, Gaozhou Longli and Huazhou Qunkang are under construction. In 2008, we exported14,700 tons of tilapia processed products, earning 52 1400 USD. There are 15586 tilapia farmers in the city, creating 654.38+million jobs, and more than 1 10,000 people engaged in tilapia processing, transportation and sales, with an average annual income of more than 20,000 yuan. Tilapia industry has become one of the pillar industries of increasing farmers' income and earning foreign exchange through export in Maoming. In recent years, Maoming tilapia industry has gradually established a four-level product quality and safety monitoring system, including enterprise self-discipline, supervision by inspection and quarantine departments, guidance by industry associations and service supervision by fishery administrative departments. At the same time, adhere to the construction of tilapia certification system, and strive to promote healthy farming and standardized production. At present, six demonstration bases of tilapia healthy breeding have been built, and 23 tilapia breeding bases have been recognized as provincial pollution-free production areas; 13 tilapia products have passed the certification of pollution-free agricultural products of the Ministry of Agriculture; 88 tilapia farming enterprises have become export filing bases, with an export filing area of more than 1.2 million mu; Six products of four enterprises won the title of provincial famous brand products, which effectively guaranteed the quality and safety of tilapia. Party committees and governments at all levels in Maoming City have always attached great importance to the development of tilapia industry, studied and promulgated a series of support policies, promoted the industrial operation of "enterprise+base+farmer", built a "golden triangle" base of tilapia industry integrating breeding, processing and export, and promoted the development of tilapia industrial clusters. In addition, Maoming also actively guides and supports investment attraction, processing and circulation, technology promotion and disease prevention, organizes enterprises to participate in fishing fairs and overseas inspection activities, expands domestic and foreign markets, takes tilapia processing and export as a breakthrough in industrial development, builds itself into the world's largest tilapia industrial base, and promotes Maoming tilapia brand to the world.