What is the El Nino phenomenon?

El Nino phenomenon, also known as El Nino current, is a climatic phenomenon caused by the imbalance between the ocean and the atmosphere in the equatorial Pacific. Under normal circumstances, the monsoon air flow in the tropical Pacific moves from America to Asia, keeping the surface of the Pacific Ocean warm and bringing tropical rainfall around Indonesia. However, this pattern is disturbed every 2-7 years, and the wind direction and ocean current are reversed. The heat flow in the surface of the Pacific Ocean turns eastward to America, and then takes away tropical rainfall, resulting in the so-called "El Ni? o phenomenon".

The word "El Nino" comes from Spanish, which means "El Nino". /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, in Spanish-speaking countries such as Ecuador and Peru in South America, fishermen found that every few years, that is, from June of 10 to March of the following year, a warm current moved southward along the coast, which significantly increased the surface seawater temperature. The Peruvian cold current originally prevailed on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean in South America. Fish that move with the cold current make Peru's fishing ground one of the three largest fishing grounds in the world. But when this warm current appears, a large number of fish who like cold water will die, leading to the extinction of fishermen. Because this phenomenon is often the most serious around Christmas, fishermen who suffer from natural disasters and are helpless are called the son of God-El Nino. Later, in science, the term was used to indicate the abnormal warming of sea surface temperature in the eastern Pacific Ocean thousands of kilometers near Peru and Ecuador. When this happens, the sea water temperature in a wide range can be 3 ~ 6 degrees Celsius higher than normal. The rising water temperature in the vast waters of the Pacific Ocean has changed the traditional equatorial currents and southeast trade winds, resulting in global climate anomalies.

The basic feature of El Nino phenomenon is that the sea surface temperature along the Pacific coast rises abnormally, the sea water level rises, and a warm current flows southward. It turns cold water in the East Pacific into warm water, causing tsunamis and storms, causing drought in some areas and excessive rainfall in others.

The whole process of El Nino is divided into occurrence period, development period, maintenance period and attenuation period, which generally lasts for about one year, and the change of atmosphere lags behind the change of seawater temperature.

Today, with the highly developed meteorological science, people have understood that the central Pacific Ocean is the main power source of summer climate change in the northern hemisphere. Usually, there is a northward Peruvian cold current in the Pacific Ocean on the west side of the South American continent, and part of it turns into an equatorial flow and moves westward. At this time, the monsoon blowing westward along the sea near the equator makes the warm current accumulate to the west side of the Pacific Ocean, while the low-level cold sea water rises to the east side, which makes the sea temperature in the western Pacific Ocean south of the Philippines and north of New Guinea rise. This part of the sea area is called "equatorial warm pool", and the seawater temperature in the east of the same latitude is relatively low. There is also a temperature difference in the atmosphere over the two sea areas. The temperature in the east is low and the air pressure is high, and the cold air sinks and flows westward. The temperature in the west is high and the air pressure is low. After the hot air rises, it turns to the east. In this way, an atmospheric circulation (Walker circulation) is formed in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and the southeast trade wind is formed near the sea level. But sometimes, this pressure difference will be lower than the multi-year average, and sometimes it will increase. This phenomenon of atmospheric change is called "Southern Oscillation". In 1960s, meteorologists found that El Nino was closely related to the Southern Oscillation. When the pressure difference decreased, El Nino appeared. After El Nino, due to the warming of warm current, the monsoon flowing from east to west in the Pacific Ocean was greatly weakened, which significantly changed the atmospheric circulation and greatly affected the climate of countries along the Pacific Ocean. The originally wet area was dry, and there was a flood in the dry area. When this pressure difference increases, the seawater temperature will drop abnormally, which is called "La Nina phenomenon".

After the 1960s, with the progress of observation methods and the development of science, it was found that El Ni? o phenomenon not only appeared in the coastal areas of South America and other countries, but also spread all the sea areas along the equator of the eastern Pacific Ocean and countries around the Pacific Ocean. In some years, even the Indian Ocean coast will be affected by the climate anomaly caused by El Ni? o, and a series of natural disasters will occur. Generally speaking, it makes the climate in the southern hemisphere hotter and drier, and the climate in the northern hemisphere colder and wetter.

In recent years, scientists have put forward some new explanations for the El Ni? o phenomenon, that is, El Ni? o may be related to submarine earthquakes, changes in seawater salinity and changes in atmospheric circulation. El Nino phenomenon appears periodically, about once every 2 ~ 7 years. During the 20 years from 65438 to 0997, El Nino occurred five times in 76 ~ 77, 82 ~ 83, 86 ~ 87, 9 1 ~ 93 and 94 ~ 95 respectively. The El Ni? o phenomenon during 1982- 1983 was the most serious since this century, which caused about 1500 deaths and 8 billion US dollars in property losses all over the world. After entering the 1990s, with global warming, El Nino phenomenon appeared more and more frequently.

Due to the development of science and technology and the attention of countries all over the world, scientists have deepened their understanding of this climate anomaly by adopting a series of scientific research activities such as forecasting model, ocean observation and satellite reconnaissance, and air-sea coupling. Firstly, it is recognized that the physical process of El Ni? o phenomenon is the result of the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere, that is, the change of ocean temperature is related to the atmosphere. Therefore, after 1980s, scientists called El Nino "Anceaux". Secondly, tropical ocean warming occurs not only in the Chilean waters of South America, but also in the eastern and western Pacific. No matter where it happens, it will quickly lead to obvious global climate anomalies. This is the strongest signal of climate change, which will lead to serious natural disasters, such as droughts and floods in many parts of the world.

From the position of main rain belts in China from June to August, 75% of the rain belts are located in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins in El Ni? o year and summer. Figuratively speaking, the low-frequency oscillation of tropical atmospheric circulation can be compared to tropical heartbeat. The occurrence of El Nino events is like a heart attack in the tropics, which makes the regular low-frequency oscillation abnormal.

When the above El Nino phenomenon occurred, it spread all over the central, eastern and Pacific oceans, and the positive anomaly of surface water temperature was as high as 3℃ or above. The strong rise in seawater temperature has led to a great decrease in plankton in the water, which has hit Peru's fishery production and led to floods or droughts in Ecuador and other equatorial Pacific regions. This El Nino phenomenon is called El Nino event. It is generally believed that the sea surface temperature anomaly for three consecutive months is above 0.5℃, which can be considered as an El Ni? o event. On the contrary, if the negative sea surface temperature anomaly along the coast of South America is above 0.5℃ for three consecutive months, it is considered as an anti-El Ni? o event, also known as La Ni? a event. At present, according to the research of meteorologists, it is generally believed that the occurrence of El Ni? o event is a harbinger of climate disasters in many parts of the world, so its monitoring has become an important content in climate monitoring.

El Nino has a serious impact on China's climate: firstly, there are fewer typhoons. After El Nino, the number of tropical storms (typhoons) in the northwest Pacific and the number of landings in China's coastal areas are less than normal.

Secondly, the northern part of China is prone to high temperature and drought in summer. Usually in El Nino, the summer monsoon in China is weak, and the monsoon rain belt is south, which is located in the middle of China or south of the Yangtze River. Drought and high temperature often occur in summer in northern China. 1997 After the strong El Ni? o, the drought and high temperature in northern China were very obvious.

Third, southern China is prone to low temperatures and floods. One year after El Nino, the southern part of China, including the Yangtze River basin and the south of the Yangtze River, is prone to floods. The once-in-a-century floods in China, such as 193 1, 1954, 1998, all occurred one year after El Nino ... El Nino was one of the important factors that affected the 1998 catastrophic floods in China. Finally, in the winter after El Nino, the northern part of China is prone to warm winters.

According to the meteorological data in recent 50 years, after El Nino, there is a high probability of high temperature in winter in China, and summer precipitation in southern China tends to be more in the following year, while large-scale drought often occurs in northern China.

According to historical records, since 1950, there have been 13 El Nino phenomena all over the world. The one that happened in 1997 and continues to this day is the most serious. Mainly manifested in: from the northern hemisphere to the southern hemisphere, from Africa to Latin America, the climate has become weird and incredible. The cool place is like fire, and it suddenly snows in warm spring. When the rainy season comes, it doesn't rain, and the dry season floods.

Scientists believe that the occurrence of El Nino phenomenon is related to the deterioration of human natural environment, the direct result of the intensification of global greenhouse effect, and the result of human beings demanding too much from nature and not paying attention to environmental protection.

According to the research on the relationship between the change law of solar activity and El Ni? o in the past hundred years, scientists found that the period from sunspot reduction to valley value is the frequent period of El Ni? o, with two or three El Ni? o occurrences.

The equatorial "climate kettle" El Nino, which began to boil at the turn of spring and summer from 65438 to 0997, came suddenly, developed rapidly, had great intensity and was the first in a century. It has been rated as the top ten news in the world by the People's Daily and other news organizations, and has been closely watched by top policy makers, environmental experts and economists in China and other countries.

At the beginning of its establishment, General Secretary Jiang Zemin asked relevant departments to study the possible impact of El Ni? o on agriculture in China. The relevant state departments invited experts to consult on this and submitted a written report to the central leadership. Experts pointed out that the ecological, environmental and climatic effects of El Ni? o and its impact on the world economy can not be ignored and should be highly valued by relevant departments.

In the early days, people were interested in the warm current in the eastern Pacific Ocean and named it "the son of God". First, it often happens around Christmas, and more importantly, it is related to the local harvest year. During 1925, people witnessed warm ocean currents near Peru. In March of that year, the rainfall in the desert area was as high as 400 mm, while the total rainfall in the first five years was less than 20 mm. As a result, the desert became an oasis, almost all of Peru was covered with dense pastures, the number of sheep doubled, and crops grew on the barren land ... Although people also found that many birds had died and marine life was destroyed, people still believed that "El Ni? o" had brought them a bumper harvest year.

Decades later, people have a new understanding of El Ni? o phenomenon, especially its impact on ecology, environment, climate and even the world economy. Scientists are convinced that El Nino, especially strong El Nino, will bring great disaster to the world economy. According to the assessment materials provided by The New York Times and LA Times, Peru is one of the countries most affected by the 1982 ~ 1983 warm event. Before the incident, the fish meal supplied by Peru accounted for 38% of the world's total, and the catch in Peru dropped sharply from 654.38+0982 to 654.38+0983 to 654.38+080 million tons. As a substitute for fishmeal in the United States, the price of soybeans has tripled, and the rise in feed prices has in turn led to a surge in the retail price of chickens; The severe drought in the Philippines has led to a sharp rise in the price of coconut, which has also greatly increased the cost of making soap and detergent ...1August 1997, a report of the World Meteorological Organization pointed out that the El Ni? o in 1982 ~ 1983 caused a global direct economic loss of13 billion US dollars, and the indirect and potential impact was difficult to estimate.

Scientists in China have studied more than 30 El Ni? o events from 187 1 to 1997, and believe that El Ni? o, which is characterized by floods in the tropical eastern Pacific and droughts in the tropical western Pacific, does more harm than good to the world. Especially, four El Nino events since 1990s have caused great losses to countries along the Pacific Ocean: the worst drought occurred in Australia for decades, with the continuous reduction of grain production and serious damage to cash crops; Forest fires in Indonesia and Australia have caused heavy losses and attracted worldwide attention. El Nino also caused a rare winter in the eastern United States, causing tens of billions of dollars in economic losses such as energy and transportation; Many countries in East Asia have encountered a rare Leng Xia, and rice production has been seriously reduced. Scientists in China believe that the impact of El Ni? o on China is obvious and complicated, mainly in five aspects: First, the main rain belt of El Ni? o in summer is in the south, and most of the north is rainy and dry; Second, the rainy season in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is mostly postponed; Third, the precipitation in the east of China is more in the south and less in the north in autumn, which is easy to make the north dry in summer and autumn; Fourth, most parts of the country are warm in winter and cool in summer; Fifth, there are fewer typhoons landing in China. In addition to the above general rules, there are some exceptions. Because there are many factors that restrict China's weather and climate, such as atmospheric circulation, monsoon changes, land thermal conditions, Arctic ice and snow distribution, ocean current changes and even solar activities. ?

As for the cause of El Nino, it is a mystery of contemporary science. Most scientists believe that there are two major aspects: one is natural factors. Equatorial trade winds, earth rotation, geothermal movement, etc. It may all be related to it; The second is human factors. That is, human activities have aggravated climate warming, which is one of the possible reasons for the sharp increase of equatorial warming events.

19971February witnessed the most serious El Ni? o phenomenon at the end of the 20th century. The rise of seawater temperature is often accompanied by the abnormal southward movement of the equatorial belt on the west coast of South America, which leads to frequent rainstorms in the dry areas of central and northern Peru and the west coast of Ecuador under the influence of cold current, causing floods and mudslides. The appearance of El Nino phenomenon often makes the interannual variation of sea water temperature at low latitudes reach its peak. Therefore, it has a great influence not only on the atmospheric circulation at low latitudes, but also on the short-term vibration of the global climate. The famous El Nino years over one hundred years are: 189 1, 1898, 1925, 1939 ~ 194 1. 1972 ~ 1976, 1982 ~ 1983 and 1997 ~ 1998.

The Peruvian ocean current flowing along the coast of South America is a cold ocean current. Blown by the southeast trade wind almost parallel to the coast of Peru, the surface seawater flows offshore, and the deep seawater upwells to replenish it, and at the same time carries nutrients to the upper layer, so plankton flourishes, attracting a large number of cold-water fish such as Peruvian sardines to breed and inhabit here, making this area a famous fishing ground in the southeast Pacific. However, in some years, the southeast trade wind temporarily weakened, and the south branch of the Pacific equatorial countercurrent crossed the equator and went south along the coast of Ecuador, resulting in a rapid rise in the water temperature along the coast of Ecuador and Peru, and a large number of cold-water plankton and fish died because they did not adapt to the new environment. Because around Christmas, when the son Jesus was born, the coastal water temperature rose the most sharply, and Peruvian residents called this seasonal increase in seawater temperature El Ni? o (El Ni? o is Spanish transliteration, meaning El Ni? o).

When El Nino occurred, the catch in Peru was seriously reduced, which affected the supply of feed in the world market. Fish carcasses are piled up at the seaside, polluting the surrounding seawater; Seabirds in coastal areas and islands fled for lack of food, which affected the industrial production of guano and made workers unemployed. El Nino phenomenon not only brings great disasters to the lives of people along the coast of South America, but also often leads to disastrous global climate anomalies, such as persistent worldwide floods, snowstorms, droughts and earthquakes. In newspapers, it is generally called "El Nino phenomenon (event)", while scientists call it those years when seasonal warming is very strong and the monthly average sea surface temperature in a large range is 1 degree higher than normal. 1982 ~ 1983, the precipitation in the equatorial eastern Pacific, which is usually dry, increased greatly, and an abnormal rainstorm occurred in western South America in summer. Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina were hit by floods, and the precipitation in Ecuador was 15 times higher than that in normal years. The flood washed away the dam and flooded the farmland, leaving hundreds of thousands of people homeless. On the west coast of the United States, California coastal roads are flooded, and floods and mudslides in five States, including Nevada, are as high as 9 meters. On the west side of the Pacific Ocean, a jungle fire caused by drought in Australia killed many people. A forest fire broke out in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, affecting Malaysia and Singapore; Smoke from the fire interrupted air transport in Malaysia and forced three states to ration water supply. The high temperature in Singapore is the worst in 35 years. According to statistics, the economic loss caused by this El Ni? o event on a global scale is about $20 billion. The whole tropical Pacific can be reached from the east to the middle. Now, the word El Nino has been used by meteorologists and oceanographers to refer to the large-scale abnormal warming of seawater in the equatorial Middle East and Pacific Ocean. Studies by some experts and scholars show that El Ni? o is closely related to droughts in India, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Australia and other places, abnormal rains in equatorial Pacific islands, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Argentina and other countries along the Pacific coast of South America, and is also related to the reduction of tropical storms in the northwest Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, the low temperature in summer in Japan and Northeast China, and the precipitation in China.

From March 65438 to/kloc-0 to March 997, the sea level in the tropical central and eastern Pacific Ocean rose abnormally. In July, the sea surface temperature was higher than ever before, and the resulting climate change has been revealed in some areas. There are many signs that the cold water period in the equatorial eastern Pacific has ended and it has begun to change to the warm water period. Scientists believe that a new round of El Nino phenomenon has begun to take shape and will last until 1998. It is from this moment that the climate on the earth began to become chaotic.

In southern Africa, El Ni? o brought the worst drought since 1997 and threatened the famine of about 5 million people. In the western Pacific, El Nino suppressed rainfall, plunged Indonesia and Papua New Guinea into drought and triggered forest fires. Countries along the eastern Pacific, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, Uruguay and eastern Brazil, were hit by snowstorms. Nine of Chile 13 areas were flooded, with more than 5 1000 people affected. In the border area between Argentina and Chile, the snow in the Andes is up to 4 meters deep, roads are blocked and people are surrounded. Flash floods broke out in the coastal areas of Ecuador, communication was interrupted and thousands of people were homeless. What caused this marine biological disaster was an equatorial countercurrent-El Nino warm current flowing from west to east in the northern waters of Peru cold current, which was generally weak and would not cause any impact. In the year when El Nino happened, its vitality increased. After being blocked by the South American continent, it will turn around and flow to the area where the Peru cold current is located in the south, causing the sea water temperature here to suddenly rise by 3℃ ~ 6℃. Cold water plankton and fish that once lived in this sea area died in large numbers because they did not adapt to this warm environment. Seabirds and marine animals that feed on fish starve to death or move to other places because they can't find food. In the worst days of the disaster, the sea surface and beaches of callao, the outer port of Lima, Peru, were covered with the remains of fish, seabirds and other marine animals. The decomposition of animal carcasses produces hydrogen sulfide, which discolors and stinks the seawater, blackens the underwater hulls of ships in the harbor, and splashes the buildings and cars near the harbor with the fog or sea breeze blowing to the mainland, so that the surface is coated with a layer of black, as if someone had painted it. Locals call this El Nino graffiti "callao painter".

When El Nino occurs, the abnormal rise of sea surface temperature leads to the increase of atmospheric temperature over the ocean, which destroys the dynamic balance of the normal distribution of heat and water vapor in the atmospheric circulation. This kind of sea-air change is often accompanied by disastrous weather around the world: hot and cold, sunny places are flooded, and rainy places are scorched by the hot sun. Generally speaking, when El Nino occurs, the rainfall in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific will increase greatly, causing floods, while the western Pacific such as Australia and Indonesia is dry and rainy. According to incomplete statistics, there have been 17 El Ni? o phenomena since this century (including the latest round of 1997 ~ 1998 El Ni? o phenomena). The seasons are not fixed, ranging from six months to one or two years. The intensity is also different. The incident from 1982 to 1983 was very strong and lasted for two years, with frequent disasters, causing about 1500 deaths and at least 100 billion US dollars in property losses. Like previous times, a new round of El Nino phenomenon has also affected China. The most obvious performance is that it can weaken the summer monsoon intensity from the southeast ocean, lead to the abnormal phenomenon that the summer rainfall belt is located to the south, cause heavy rain in the south and severe drought in the north. During the period from June to August, extreme high temperature occurred in most parts of the north, and the weather in the capital Beijing was extremely sultry during this period, which made the sales of air conditioners unprecedented prosperity. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, where the summer heat in China was located in previous years, the four "stoves" in Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanchang and Nanjing turned off twice. Due to the continuous high temperature in northern provinces such as Shandong, a rare drought occurred. The Lijin Hydrological Station of the Yellow River in Shandong Province was cut off for 222 days, which seriously affected industrial and agricultural production and people's lives. At the same time, the rainfall in many places in the south is much more than in previous years. It is reported that the rainfall in the first eight months of Macao 1997 exceeded the average annual rainfall in the past 40 years. The rainfall in Hong Kong has also broken the historical rainfall record. On the day of Hong Kong's return to China on July 1, the continuous heavy rain was accompanied by a grand handover ceremony from beginning to end, which was impressive. Generally speaking, under the influence of El Nino, the winter temperature in most parts of the country is higher than normal, and the phenomenon of waterlogging in the south and drought in the north is more obvious.

After El Nino, there was a "baby girl". In the process of exploring the relationship between El Nino and climate change, scientists discovered La Nina phenomenon, which is contrary to her personality. Some people call it El Nino's evil sister "baby girl". Although it is not as powerful as El Nino, it will also do considerable harm to human beings. La Nina phenomenon also occurs every few years, which is an abnormal low-temperature airflow brewing along the equator in the eastern Pacific Ocean, leading to abnormal climate. Its frequency is lower than that of El Nino, and the last strong situation occurred between 1988 ~ 1989. 1in the summer of 1988, the drought in North America scorched a large area of land from California to Georgia, reducing grain production 1/3. Forest fires in the western United States continued, and the famous Yellowstone National Park was once swallowed up by the fire. Subsequently, the hurricane roared in the Caribbean and hit most Central American countries. Nicaragua alone lost millions of dollars, killing more than 500 people and leaving thousands homeless. The El Ni? o phenomenon ended in May 1998, and the global climate has not returned to normal, and La Ni? a phenomenon has come out again. Disasters such as severe cold, warm winter, snowstorm, drought and rainstorm have occurred in many places. Globally, La Nina has caused storms and floods in southern Africa, droughts in Kenya and Tanzania, floods in the Philippines and Indonesia, and unusually humid weather in southern South America, which is just the opposite of the phenomenon caused by El Ni? o.. What caused the El Nino phenomenon? Scientists have always had different opinions about this, and it is difficult to draw a conclusion. It is generally believed that El Nino is a climatic phenomenon caused by the imbalance of ocean-atmosphere interaction in the equatorial belt of the Pacific Ocean. Under the influence of the southeast trade winds, the sea water in the Pacific Ocean in the southern hemisphere is blown to the northwest, making the water level near Australia about 50 cm higher than that in the west of South America. When this influence reaches a certain level, seawater will flow in the opposite direction, that is, from northwest to southeast. This ocean current flowing in the opposite direction is the warm current, that is, the El Ni? o warm current, which stops at the west coast of South America. Affected by this, the cold water area on the west coast of South America has become a warm water area, and the precipitation in this area has also increased greatly. The basic characteristics of El Nino phenomenon are: the seawater temperature in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific rises abnormally, and the seawater level rises. In recent years, some scientists have put forward different views on the causes of El Ni? o phenomenon. In the process of exploring the formation mechanism of El Ni? o phenomenon, scientists found such a coincidence: the 1920s to 1950s was the low tide of volcanic activity, and the frequency and intensity of El Ni? o phenomenon in the world's oceans were low; Since 1950s, volcanic activities around the world have entered an active period. At the same time, the number of El Nino phenomena in the ocean has also increased accordingly, and the performance is very strong. According to the statistics of the past hundred years, about 75% of El Ni? o occurred one and a half to two years after the eruption of a strong volcano. This phenomenon has attracted the special attention of scientists. Some scientists have suggested that the submarine volcanic eruption caused the El Ni? o warm current. In recent years, more studies have found that the occurrence of El Nino events is related to the change of the earth's rotation speed. Since 1950s, the average acceleration distribution on the scale of 10 has been destroyed by the earth's rotation speed, showing a characteristic fluctuation change of 4-5 years. Some strong El Nino events occurred in the year when the earth's rotation speed changed greatly, especially in the year when the rotation slowed down. The short-term change of geostrophic velocity is negatively correlated with the change of SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific, that is, when the geostrophic velocity accelerates in the short term, the SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific decreases; On the contrary, when the geostrophic velocity slows down in a short time, the SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific increases. This shows that the slow rotation of the earth may be the main reason for the formation of El Ni? o phenomenon. It is pointed out that when the earth's rotation accelerates from west to east, the ocean currents and trade winds flowing from east to west near the equatorial belt strengthen, blowing warm water from the Pacific Ocean to the western Pacific Ocean, and the deep cold water in the eastern Pacific Ocean will inevitably turn up to replenish it, and the sea surface temperature will naturally drop, resulting in La Nina phenomenon. When the earth's rotation slows down, the "braking effect" makes the atmosphere and seawater in the equatorial belt gain an eastward inertial force, the equatorial ocean current and trade winds weaken, the warm water in the western Pacific flows eastward, and the cold water in the eastern Pacific is blocked, resulting in the El Ni? o phenomenon that the accumulation of warm water causes the seawater to warm and the sea surface to rise. Historical records show that during the 40 years from 1949 to 1990, there were 10 El Ni? o events, with an average of 3.5 years. However, in recent years since the 1990s, there have been four El Ni? o events (19/kloc- Moreover, since the 1990s, the SST in the Pacific Ocean has been on the high side for a long time, and the intermittent El Ni? o phenomenon is accompanied by persistent global temperature anomalies, and natural disasters, especially climate catastrophes, occur frequently. This shows that the occurrence of El Ni? o phenomenon has accelerated and intensified in recent years. Who is encouraging the "holy baby" and "baby girl" to do evil? People have realized that many disasters are more or less related to human activities except pure natural disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The truth that "nine times out of ten natural disasters are man-made disasters" has been recognized by more and more people. So is El Nino, which is raging around the world, also affected by human activities? In recent years, the frequent occurrence and intensification of El Ni? o phenomenon is related to the deterioration of human living environment. Some scientists infer from the fact that the El Ni? o cycle is gradually shortened that the raging El Ni? o is related to global warming caused by the intensification of global greenhouse effect. It is human beings who have contributed to the evil of "El Nino" with their own hands. Of course, a lot of scientific evidence is needed to prove whether global warming has played a role in the El Ni? o phenomenon. However, the frequent occurrence of El Nino may also lead to global warming. In this way, whether El Nino causes global warming or global warming accelerates the occurrence of El Nino, it will fall into the strange circle of chicken or egg first. It may depend on human's attitude towards nature to finally get out of the "El Nino" cycle completely.