Characteristics of the world’s climate

———————— Major climate types and distribution in the world————————

Climate types——Distribution——Characteristics——Vegetation

Tropical

Tropical rainforest climate

· Both sides of the equator

·High temperature and rain all year round

·Dense tropical rainforest

Savannah climate

· The north and south sides of the tropical rainforest climate

·High temperatures throughout the year, divided into dry and wet seasons

· Savannah

Tropical monsoon climate

·Southern and southeastern Asia

·High temperature throughout the year, divided into two seasons, dry and rainy

·Tropical Monsoon forest

Tropical desert climate

· The west coast and inland areas of the continent near the Tropics of Cancer

· Hot and dry all year round

· Tropical Desert

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Temperate zone

Temperate and subtropical monsoon climate

· Eastern Asia

· There are four distinct seasons and significant monsoons. The summer monsoon comes from the low-latitude ocean, which is hot and rainy; the winter monsoon comes from the high-latitude continent, which is cold and dry

· Subtropical evergreen and temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests

Mediterranean climate

< p>· West coast of mid-low latitude continent

· Hot and dry summers, mild and rainy winters

· Subtropical evergreen sclerophyll forest

Temperate continental climate

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· Inside the mid-latitude continent

· Cold winters and hot summers, large temperature differences, little precipitation, concentrated in summer

· Grasslands, deserts

Temperate oceans Sexual climate

· The west coast of the mid-latitude continent

· Affected by warm and humid air currents from the ocean all year round, it is mild and rainy, with small annual changes in temperature and precipitation

· Temperate zone Deciduous broad-leaved forest

Subarctic coniferous forest climate

· Mid-high latitudes near the Arctic Circle

· Severely cold winters and mild summers

· Subarctic coniferous forest

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Frigid zone, high mountains

Ice sheet climate

< p>· Antarctic continent, Arctic Ocean islands

· Severe cold all year round

· Covered with ice and snow

Tundra climate

· Eurasia, North America North Rim

· Long winter without summer

· Moss and lichens

Alpine climate

· Alpine plateau area

< p>· Low temperature all year round

· Ice, snow, cold desert

Reference materials:

/articles/jyzyz_ja/2005-11-23/1837_1.htm

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Regional differences in world climate and natural landscapes

———————— Causes and influencing factors of climate formation————————

It is generally believed that the climate formation of a certain place is closely related to five major factors. These factors change slightly in a short period of time, making the climate more stable; for different regions, due to different latitudes and locations, the amount of solar radiation energy received is different, the degree of influence by sea and land and the atmospheric circulation system The configurations are different, so the climate in different places has different characteristics. Therefore, to explain the formation of climate, it is necessary to analyze the role of each forming factor and comprehensively consider the impact of various factors on the climate of a certain place.

Reference materials:

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China Science Expo-Earth Story> Atmospheric Science Museum> Climate System> The formation of climate

·The role of radiation

The zonal distribution characteristics of astronomical radiation cause corresponding zonal climate zones to appear on the earth, such as the equatorial zone, the tropics, the subtropics, the temperate zone, Cold zones, etc., are all called astronomical climate zones. This is an ideal climate zone, and the actual climate is far more complex, but it has formed the basic outline of the global climate.

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·The role of atmospheric circulation

Atmospheric circulation factors play an important role in climate formation . It not only affects the latitudinal zonality of the climate through the latitudinal distribution of circulation, but also expands the influence range of factors such as sea, land and topography through the transport of heat and moisture, destroying the latitudinal zonality of the climate.

When the circulation situation tends to the long-term average condition, the climate is also normal; when the circulation situation becomes abnormal in individual years or seasons, it will directly affect the weather and climate in that period and make it abnormal.

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·The impact of land and sea distribution on climate

The ocean accounts for 71% of the earth’s total area, and the land It only accounts for 29%, so the difference between sea and land is the largest and most basic difference in the underlying surface. Due to different physical properties, oceans and continents experience very different warming and cooling under the same radiation. In winter, the temperature on the continent is lower than that of the ocean, and in summer, the temperature on the continent is higher than that of the ocean.

From the upper troposphere at sea level, the temperature on land in January is lower than the temperature in the ocean; the opposite is true in July. The difference between the two is larger in July than in January; the low-level difference is greater than the high-level difference, and the annual difference on land is greater than the annual difference on the ocean.

Sea and land also have a significant impact on air pressure and wind. The air pressure distribution changes with the air temperature distribution. In summer, the continent is a heat source and the ocean is a cold source, so the air pressure on land is low, the air pressure on the sea is high, and the wind blows from the ocean to the continent; in winter, the ocean is a heat source, the continent is a cold source, the air pressure on the sea is low, the air pressure on the land is high, and the wind blows from the ocean to the continent. Blows from land to sea. In addition, land and sea have a great influence on humidity, cloud cover, fog and precipitation.

Sea and land have a significant impact on climate, forming very different continental climates and oceanic climates on the earth.

The difference between oceanic climate and continental climate,

--in terms of temperature, the characteristics of continental climate are rapid and large changes, so the characteristics of continental climate are: The daily and annual range values ??are both large, while the opposite is true for oceanic climates. In continental climates, the highest temperature occurs in July and the lowest temperature occurs in January.

In oceanic climates, the highest temperature generally occurs in August and the lowest temperature occurs in February. Temperature changes lag behind those of the mainland. At the same latitude, the temperature in spring and summer is higher on land and lower at sea; on the contrary, the temperature in winter and autumn is lower on land and higher at sea. Therefore, continental climate has the characteristic of spring temperature being higher than autumn temperature, while oceanic climate has the characteristic of autumn temperature being higher than spring temperature.

-- In terms of humidity and precipitation, the characteristics of an oceanic climate are large relative humidity, small annual changes in relative humidity, more cloud cover, more precipitation, small annual changes in precipitation, and more precipitation in autumn and winter. . The continental climate is characterized by low relative humidity, large annual changes in relative humidity, less cloud cover, more sunny days, less precipitation, large annual changes in precipitation, and more precipitation in summer.

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·Terrain and Climate

The undulations of the terrain not only make its own climate significantly different, but also towering Continuous mountains are often obstacles to the flow of low-level air. They can block the cold air from the north and the warm air from the south (such as hindering the movement of cold waves and stagnating the frontal belt), and can also greatly deplete the moisture in the airflow.

(1) Impact on temperature

(2) Impact on precipitation

(3) Mountain three-dimensional climate

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·Ocean Currents and Climate

The nature of the underlying ocean surface is heterogeneous, and the difference is mainly reflected in the cold and warm ocean currents.

Ocean currents are an important driving force for heat transport on Earth.

The impact of ocean currents on climate is mainly an indirect impact through air mass activities. Because the ocean current is the underlying surface of the air mass above it, it can denature the lower part of the air mass. When the air mass moves, it brings these characteristics to the areas it passes through, causing climate changes. Generally speaking, the climate along the coast where warm ocean currents pass through is warmer than elsewhere at the same latitude; the climate along the coast where cold ocean currents pass through is colder than elsewhere at the same latitude.

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·The impact of ice and snow cover on climate

Ice and snow cover is one of the components of the climate system , sea ice, continental ice sheets, alpine glaciers and seasonal snow, etc., because their radiation properties and other thermal properties are very different from those of the ocean and land without ice and snow, they form an underlying surface with special properties. They not only affect other The local climate can also have a significant impact on the atmospheric circulation, temperature and precipitation of another continent or other hemisphere. Ice and snow cover is a factor that cannot be ignored in climate formation.

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...Reference materials

/gb/earth/weather/system/index.html < /p>

China Science Expo-Earth Story> Atmospheric Science Museum> Climate System

Reference: /question/5403667.html