What should I do if the chicken has poor defecation?

Your chicken may have respiratory diseases.

Respiratory diseases of chickens are complicated in chicken production, and there are many kinds. Some are caused by viruses, others by bacteria and mycoplasma. Therefore, the respiratory disease of chicken is a kind of disease that can not be ignored in chicken production. Prevention and timely treatment of respiratory diseases are very important, on the one hand, because this disease often occurs and chickens of all ages can be infected. On the other hand, the incidence rate is high, which can easily cause secondary infection of various diseases, delay the growth and development of chicks, reduce the egg production of adult chickens, and cause the death of chickens of all ages. It is worth noting that no matter what kind of respiratory disease occurs, it is difficult to determine what kind of respiratory disease occurs from the clinical symptoms and the performance of chickens, which brings certain difficulties to the diagnosis. Clinically, diseases that can cause respiratory symptoms in chickens can be simply divided into the following categories:

1. Viral diseases (Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis and avian influenza)

2, mycosis (chicken septicemia mycosis

3, bacterial diseases (chicken infectious rhinitis, pullorum, fowl cholera

4, other diseases (chicken aspergillosis, carbon monoxide poisoning, heatstroke

5. Mixed infection

First, viral diseases.

1, Newcastle disease (ND)

The disease is caused by paramyxovirus belonging to Newcastle disease virus, and chickens of all ages can be infected. The protective antibody of chicken can be divided into IgA on mucosal surface and IgG in serum. Only when respiratory mucosa antibody and serum antibody reach a certain titer can Newcastle disease be effectively prevented. Due to the improper selection of primary immunization methods (such as drinking water immunization), the antibody of chicken respiratory mucosa did not reach the protection level, or the antibody of Newcastle disease in serum was not high, which caused Newcastle disease in chickens.

The clinical manifestations are frequent mouth breathing, "hum" when breathing, shaking your head and swallowing, crop water accumulation, mucus or feed flowing out of your mouth when you pour it, and pulling up green and thin feces.

Autopsy showed hyperemia and hemorrhage of larynx, increased tracheal mucus, thickening of mucosa, obvious systemic hemorrhagic lesions, papilla hemorrhage, jujube pit hemorrhage of intestinal mucosa, hemorrhagic and catarrhal inflammation of gastrointestinal tract.

Atypical Newcastle disease or chronic Newcastle disease (caused by super virulent Newcastle disease virus infecting immunized chickens) is characterized by nervous system symptoms, emaciation, neck twisting and dyskinesia, which is aggravated when stimulated. He died of exhaustion because of the difficulty in eating and drinking. Autopsy showed that throat congestion was obvious, cecal tonsil swelling and bleeding, systemic hemorrhagic changes were rare, and glandular stomach nipple bleeding was rare.

2, chicken infectious bronchitis (IB)

It is caused by infectious bronchitis virus of Coronaviridae.

The main branch of respiratory tract transmission in China is Massachusetts type.

(1) and 1 ~ 4-week-old chicks were invaded. The main manifestations are respiratory symptoms (wheezing, coughing and sneezing), piling and serious death, with a mortality rate of 25 ~ 75%. Autopsy showed catarrhal inflammation of bronchitis with mucus, cheese-like substance in trachea and thickening and turbidity of balloon wall.

(2) The invasion of adult chickens is characterized by cough, runny nose and a "throat" sound. Later, the egg production decreased, and the egg production rate decreased by about half, resulting in soft-shell eggs and deformed eggs (manifested as different sizes, white eggshells, rough production, separation of yolk from protein, and egg whites as thin as water). After two weeks, it fell to the lowest point and then gradually picked up. Generally, the recovery period takes about 2 months, and young chickens recover faster than old chickens. Autopsy showed that the abdominal cavity was scattered in the yolk.

Nephropathy spread (NIB), the pathogen is mainly Australian T strain, which mainly affects 1 ~ 2 months old chickens. The main manifestations are increased thirst, diarrhea and gray feces. Autopsy showed that the kidney was swollen and pale, and a large amount of urate was deposited, which was called "spotted kidney".

3, chicken infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT)

It is caused by herpesvirus A, which mainly affects 4 ~ 10 month-old chickens.

The main manifestations are dyspnea in sitting position, stretching the head and neck to open the mouth to breathe, coughing and coughing up bloody mucus, which adheres to the cage and feeding trough.

Autopsy found that the mucosa of larynx and trachea was swollen and bleeding, and blood clot-like substances were often deposited in the posterior segment of trachea.

4. Avian influenza

Caused by influenza A virus in orthomyxoviridae, chickens, turkeys, ducks, quails, pigeons, wild birds, waterfowl and seabirds can all be infected.

The clinical manifestations of avian influenza are related to pathogenicity, infection intensity, virulence, transmission route and poultry. Symptoms during the outbreak of avian influenza can involve respiratory tract, digestive tract, reproductive tract and nervous system. A few chickens have mild to severe respiratory symptoms, such as cough, runny nose, tears, eye swelling and conjunctivitis, and severe cases have swollen eyelids and head. Usually, body temperature rises, mental depression, diet decreases, weight becomes thinner, eggshells begin to turn white until white and soft-shelled eggs are produced, and egg production decreases. Finally, you can completely stop laying eggs, the chicken feathers are loose, the face is swollen, and the comb and skin are black.

Autopsy mainly showed vitelline peritonitis. Most of the dead chickens had bleeding spots on the cardiac muscle, liver and glandular stomach nipples, and the yolk in abdominal cavity was broken, and viscous secretions formed by protein and yolk retention were attached to the ovaries.

Second, chicken mycosis

Known as "slow breathing" (CRD), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) can cause respiratory diseases in chickens. Chickens of all ages can be infected.

Mainly manifested as early runny nose, cough, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, tracheitis, rales in the respiratory tract, especially at night. In the late stage, the eyelids are swollen, and in severe cases, the upper and lower eyelids stick together, and the protrusions, such as tumors and eyeball atrophy, are often "three light and three heavy", which is lighter when taking the medicine and heavier when stopping taking the medicine for a long time; It is lighter when the weather is good, and heavier when the weather changes suddenly or even cloudy; It is lighter when it is well managed and heavier when it is not well managed.

Autopsy showed edema, congestion and bleeding of nasal passages and suborbital sinuses, mucus or cheese-like exudate in sinus cavity, transparent or turbid mucus in larynx and trachea, spherical off-white cheese-like substance on mucosa surface, thickening and turbidity of airbag wall and bean dregs-like exudate.

Third, bacterial diseases.

1, chicken infectious rhinitis (IC)

The pathogen is Haemophilus parasuis, which is gram-negative. It only occurs in chickens and guinea fowl, and other poultry are not infected. Chickens of all ages can be infected, and its clinical features are sneezing, sticky secretions in nasal cavity, tears, conjunctivitis, swelling around eyelids and face, and edema of fleshy moustache. Autopsy showed: acute catarrhal inflammation of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, mucosal congestion, flushing swelling, a large number of mucus and inflammatory exudate clots, and a long course of disease. In severe cases, there are cheese-like substances in sinus, suborbital sinus and conjunctival sac.

2. Avian cholera

The pathogen is Pasteurella multocida, which is gram-negative. Chickens, which are common in the growing period, are often endemic.

The most acute one, often with no clinical symptoms, suddenly died in the poultry house.

Acute type, characterized by the sick chicken's body temperature rising to 43 ~ 44℃, strong thirst, frequent drinking, less food intake, sometimes diarrhea, yellow, white and thin feces, occasional green and thin feces, shortness of breath, frequent mouth breathing, sometimes "gurgling", the course of disease 1 ~ 3 days, and finally failure and death. Autopsy showed peritoneal hemorrhage, subcutaneous and abdominal fat, coronary heart disease fat, duodenal hemorrhagic inflammation, pulmonary congestion, body surface bleeding, hepatomegaly, and strip-like gray-white necrotic lesions on the body surface, which were characteristic lesions of the disease and had diagnostic significance.

3. Chicken pullorum disease

The pathogen is Salmonella pullorum, a gram-negative bacterium, which mainly occurs in chicks under 3 weeks old.

Clinically, sick chicks have difficulty breathing and shortness of breath, and then their abdomen shrinks rapidly. Some sick chicks have white loose stool in their anus, and the death peak is at 2 weeks old. After 3 weeks, the respiratory symptoms gradually decreased, and then the white stool was the main one.

The main autopsy changes were hepatomegaly, needle-like white necrosis in liver, gallbladder enlargement and bile.

Four? Forced? disease

1, chicken aspergillosis

The main pathogens are Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus Niger, which mostly occur in chicks under 1 ~ 3 weeks old.

Clinically, the main manifestations are severe dyspnea, panting with the mouth open, no rales and less food intake. When aspergillus invades the eyes, there is a bean dregs-like substance under the eyelids, and the eyelids swell out and corneal ulcers look like "white eyes".

Autopsy found that the lungs and trachea were black-purple, gray-white, with hard texture, necrotic section, cloudy air sac and mold nodules.

2, carbon monoxide poisoning

Commonly known as gas poisoning, it is caused by poor ventilation when poultry houses burn coal for heating in winter. If the content of carbon monoxide in the air reaches 0.04% ~ 0.05%, it can cause poisoning.

In mild poisoning, chickens are dull and inactive.

In severe poisoning, dyspnea, dyskinesia, coma, lethargy, head tilt, convulsions before death, cherry red blood and organs can be seen at autopsy.

3, heatstroke

Also known as heatstroke, heatstroke, often refers to diseases that occur when the summer temperature is above 35℃, which are more common in young birds.

When suffering from heatstroke, sick birds show irritability, trembling, coma, elevated body temperature and redness of mucous membranes, which can lead to a large number of deaths. At autopsy, the brain and meninges were congested, bleeding and edema.

When sick birds suffer from heatstroke, they have shortness of breath, open their mouths and stretch their necks for air, drooping wings, thirst, rising body temperature, trembling and falling to the ground, and can also die in large numbers. At autopsy, the brain and meninges were congested, the veins of the whole body were congested, the coagulation was poor, and the body gradually became cold.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) mixed infection

Clinically, concurrent infections caused by viruses, bacteria, molds and adverse environment are more common than single infections, and triple infections or even multiple infections also occur from time to time.

Mixed infection can aggravate respiratory symptoms and also relieve them. Mycoplasma (MG) has synergistic effect with Haemophilus parasuis (HP), and MG also interacts with adenovirus, reovirus and laryngotracheitis virus.

management measure

1. Strengthen management and improve the environment.

It is necessary to create a good sanitary environment for chickens raised in groups. Do a good job in ventilation, lighting, heat preservation and disinfection, and insist on spray disinfection of chickens at ordinary times. Pay attention to feeding all kinds of chickens according to scientific density standards, and reduce the feeding density if necessary.

2. Formulate the plan for eliminating pathogens and the implementation plan for purifying infectious diseases.

For example, it is necessary to do a series of purification work such as all-in and all-out, quarantine, isolation of sick chickens and harmless treatment of dead chickens. Chickens suffering from infectious bronchitis, chickens recovered from infectious laryngotracheitis and chickens resistant to Newcastle disease will be eliminated and cannot be used as seeds.

3. Improve monitoring technology and strengthen diagnostic methods.

Systematic, large-scale and standardized monitoring of respiratory diseases is convenient for disease prediction and active prevention and control. Once an epidemic occurs, we should have a comprehensive and correct understanding of the pathogenic factors to prevent misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

4. Formulate scientific immunization procedures and carry out vaccination, local immunization and group immunization.

For example, local immunization of one-day-old chickens with the new vaccine, especially preventive immunization against Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis and infectious bronchitis. Proper spray immunization is also a good and simple mucosal immunization method.

5. Select the most effective drugs for prevention and symptomatic treatment through drug sensitivity test, and supplement vitamins (super rehydration). Baihuqing, Achilihong, Xintaiduke, Doxiliba and other drugs can also be used for prevention and treatment. It is best to use nystatin preparation to control fungal pathogens.