What was the process of ancient officials participating in the early dynasty, and what level of officials were eligible to participate?

Tang Xuanzong gradually neglected politics in his later years, especially after Yang Guifei entered the palace, he was addicted to pleasure. Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow has a poem:? But the night in spring is short and the sun rises too fast. Since then, the emperor has given up his early hearing. ?

In feudal society, courtiers went to court to see the king and discuss matters, which was called court. The early dynasty was a very important collective activity for ministers to deal with state affairs, especially for emperors who wanted to make great efforts to govern the country. So, which officials can attend the wee hours?

"Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty" records: Wu Wen does nine things in each classics, and I look forward to participating in each new moon; Officials attending the meeting every day, examiners Yuan Wailang and Dr. Tai Chang, have got five kinds of products. ? It means that on the first and fifteenth day of every month, all the officials in Beijing will come early in the morning. Officials with more than five grades, as well as officials who worship officials, serve as foreign ministers, supervise the suggestion and Dr. Tai Chang, and attend the early court every day.

If local officials in the Tang Dynasty want to participate in the first dynasty, they must have at least five grades, and they will not be qualified until the emperor summons them or reports to Beijing. Under five products, there is no chance to participate in the early dynasty. The time to go to the court is about five to seven every morning. The Tang dynasty is a ten-day holiday, and there is no need to attend the early dynasty on holidays.

After the reform in Yuanfeng, Song Shenzong, the first generation was changed to Japanese ginseng, six ginseng, new ginseng and hope ginseng. Men who live in Langs, Sheren in Zhongshu Province, Assistant Minister in Shangshu Province, and above in Jiaozhong Cheng, that is, above squire officials, are all? Japanese Senate official? That is to say, I have to attend the morning court every day. Three provinces, my body, suggestion, temple supervisor, deputy chief above, that is, the capital of more than 100 departments, for? Six staff officers? , that is, every day and five days to participate in the early morning; Temple supervisor Cheng, Dali commented on the above matters, including temporarily not sending people. Two officers. , that is, the official of the new moon and the official of hope, will attend the early dynasty on the first and fifteenth day.

Later, in the Song Dynasty, when the society was stable and the border was peaceful, the emperors gradually slackened off. Some emperors go to court once every other day, or even only three times a month, on the fifth, fifteenth and twenty-fifth day of the fifth lunar month.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, if officials were punished by the imperial court, they were generally exiled to other places, because if they could not participate in the early dynasty in the future, they would not be able to obtain information related to the imperial court and it would be difficult to make progress in their official career.

In the Ming dynasty, because Zhu Yuanzhang was diligent, he ordered anyone who was an official in Beijing to attend court meetings, so that the number of people attending court meetings suddenly increased. There were three kinds of court meetings in Ming Dynasty: Dachao, Wangshuo and Changchao.

Officials in the Ming Dynasty held different positions. The cabinet university, six ministers are all first-class and second-class, and six assistant ministers are all third-class. These levels are relatively high. There are also some low-ranking officials who can also go to court. For example, six books are seven products, and the imperial history of Duchayuan is six or seven products. And local officials, only more than four kinds of products are eligible for litigation.

When Qing officials went to court, the first-class officials could stand in the temple to meet the emperor, the second-class officials needed to wait outside the temple gate, and the third-class officials were beyond the third class and below the third class, so they were not qualified to attend the court meeting. The early dynasty was held every ten days in the Qing dynasty, but most of the emperors in the Qing dynasty were diligent, and the actual number of early dynasties far exceeded the regulations.

The ancient society of China was a society of etiquette and law, with strict hierarchy. Therefore, there are also a set of procedures and detailed regulations for the early dynasties. Take the Ming Dynasty as an example, the number of participants in the early dynasty was the largest, reaching 1000 at most.

Officials of the Ming Dynasty were required to wear dental cards when they went to court. Ministers attending the morning court must get up very early. At about three o'clock in the morning, we arrived at the noon gate and waited. For the convenience of going to court, most ministers choose to live in the south of the palace. West Chang 'an Avenue is Rudong, where there are the most officials? .

The meridian gate is the main entrance of the Forbidden City, and the gate is used by the emperor. It is usually closed. There are small doors on the left and right sides of the meridian gate, which are called the left and right doors, from which the civil and military officials enter the DPRK.

At first, when the court was in session, ministers were scrambling and crowded. Later, the order of entering the DPRK was formulated: generals first, officials second, Hou second, five governments and six departments third, and Tianfu miscellaneous officials in Beijing?

There is a bell and drum on the meridian gate, the eunuch in charge of the bell and drum department. After the third drum ring, that is, in Shi Mao (about 5 o'clock), officials lined up in order. After the bell rang, they entered through the door in turn. Civil servants enter through the left door, and military officers enter through the right door.

After the emperor sits on the throne, what will the officials of crack hon temple do? Singing? When entering the class, the ministers of civil and military affairs were divided into two classes, and went hand in hand to enter the Imperial Road, completing the ceremony of one worship and three knocks, indicating the beginning of the early dynasty.

First of all, crack hon temple officials first stood up and reported the number of people who went to Beijing to thank them and left Beijing to resign. These officials need to report to crack hon temple in advance. If any of these ministers are powerful or meritorious, and the emperor summons them, then they will come to see them in the temple. Otherwise, you can only worship and knock outside.

If there were military activities in the border area at that time, then we should call the border area war report. Ming Xiaozong's memoir:? The great man announced that the little man had a script, which was announced before the early dynasty did anything, so Zhang Guowei also showed his martial arts? .

Then I entered the theme and played politics. Not every official has to take care of things, otherwise, there will not be enough time until the early hours of the morning. Officials who want to play need to write a script in advance. When playing, step out of class first, then kneel in front of the conductor, and then you can play. When playing with things, you should also read the paper aloud in Mandarin. You can go back to work after reading it.

During the whole early dynasty, there will be a special picket censor to supervise. As long as someone coughs, spits, is disheveled and misbehaves, it will be recorded and reported for handling.

After all the officials have finished speaking, what about the officials of crack hon temple? Singing? After the performance, the emperor retired from the DPRK, and then officials can retire from the DPRK one after another and go back to the government offices to handle government affairs.

It can be seen that the whole early dynasty was still very dignified and had many rules. The former dynasty is usually regarded as the weather vane of the emperor's diligence or not. The diligent emperor naturally insisted on the early dynasty, like Zhu Yuanzhang's period, and even if the weather was bad, he rarely went on strike. Kangxi and Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, in addition to the early dynasty, also set up the afternoon dynasty.

But it is precisely because the early dynasties were more formal and had many rules that some emperors were unwilling to participate. Like Jiajing and Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, they did not go to court for more than 20 years. So it was criticized by many people. However, it should be noted that not attending the early dynasty is not a necessary condition for a good emperor.

Although Emperor Jiajing did not go to court for more than 20 years, he often did not attend the throne until five o'clock. Emperor Chongzhen wanted to be the master of ZTE when he ascended the throne in the late Ming Dynasty. He often ascended the throne until 1, and the early dynasties never stopped, but the Ming Dynasty finally perished in his hands.

Text: Mo Pian Yu film

References:

1 A Record of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty was revised by officials of Ming Dynasty.

2. The official revision of the Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty

The text was created by the team of History University Hall, and the pictures originated from the Internet and belonged to the original author.