High school chemistry interest course

1. I know very little about high school chemistry.

High school chemistry interest knowledge 1. I want to know about chemistry interests.

Chemistry, as the name implies, can only be learned with chemistry.

Only by changing can we learn. In life, chemistry can be said to be the most useful subject.

Many changes in life can only be explained by chemistry. For example, why does silver iron with metallic luster burn in oxygen to produce black ferroferric oxide? Why does hydrogen peroxide decompose slowly at room temperature, but under the catalysis of manganese dioxide, it will decompose violently and release a lot of heat and oxygen, while the chemical properties of manganese dioxide have not changed? In junior middle school chemistry, we often explain the essence of problems according to phenomena. Therefore, chemistry class will be very interesting.

Moreover, in high school, chemistry is still the simplest subject in science. Interesting knowledge: a mineral is produced in southern Germany. Since the first half of18th century, many mineralogists have tried to classify it, but their views are quite different.

Some people think it is a zinc mine, while others classify it as an iron mine. 178 1 after the discovery of the new element tungsten, some people think that this mineral contains tungsten.

1789, German chemist klapp Lott made a complete analysis of this mineral. He treated the mineral with nitric acid to get a yellow solution. When "potassium carbonate" was added to the solution for neutralization, a yellow precipitate was precipitated.

The properties of this precipitate are quite different from those of the corresponding compounds of all known elements, so klapp Lott thinks it is an "oxide" of a new element. Therefore, klaproth put this "oxide" together with carbon and heated it to a very high temperature, trying to reduce this "oxide" to metal.

He did get a metallic black substance, whose chemical properties were different from all known elements, so klapp Lott thought he had discovered a new element. 1789 On September 4th, klaproth reported his discovery entitled "uranit"-a new semi-metal.

He named this new element "Ulani" to commemorate the discovery of the new planet Uranus eight years ago. The following year, klapp Lott changed the name of "new element" to uranium. He said, "I changed the name of this new metal from Ulani to uranium by analogy", and the history of uranium began.

The discovery of this "new element" really aroused the interest of many chemists, and many people studied it. But in fact, "new elements" are not elements but compounds.

For half a century, no one realized this. Klapp Lott himself believed that he had discovered and separated uranium until his death.

A few people doubt klapp Lott's conclusion that "Ulani" may be a compound. For example, the famous Swedish chemist Betzerius tried to reduce "Ulani" with pure potassium, but failed; In the same period, Averwetson also reduced the binary chloride of Ulani and uranium and potassium with hydrogen, but the final product was still Ulani.

It was not until 184 1 that French chemist Perigaud uncovered the secret of "Ulani" and confirmed that "Ulani" was indeed a compound of uranium rather than elemental uranium. Perigaud heated "Ulani" with carbon and introduced chlorine gas, thus obtaining sublimated uranium chloride crystals.

Strangely, the total amount of "Ulani" and chlorine consumed in the production of uranium chloride is actually stoichiometric 1 10%, and the gaseous products also contain carbon dioxide. This shows that "Ulani" was originally a metal oxide.

Many experiments can confirm this conclusion. For example, when uranium tetrachloride is hydrolyzed, the products obtained are "Ulani" and hydrogen chloride, which means that "Ulani" is a compound rather than an element. In order to obtain elemental uranium, Perigaud also adopted the potassium reduction method.

But he reduced uranium tetrachloride, not "Ulani" like Bethelius. Perigaud put uranium tetrachloride and potassium together and heated them in a platinum crucible.

This is a dangerous experiment because the reactants need to be heated to a white-hot state. For safety, he put a small platinum crucible in a large platinum crucible. When the substances in the small crucible began to react, he immediately put out the fire source to prevent the metal potassium from splashing out of the platinum crucible and causing an accident.

Wait until the fierce reaction becomes mild, then heat the platinum crucible to remove the residual potassium and agglomerate the reduced uranium. After cooling, potassium chloride contained in it is dissolved with water and removed.

Results Silver-white metallic uranium particles were found in the left black residue. At this point, a new chemical element uranium-"Uranus" in chemical elements was born after more than half a century of gestation.

When klapp Lott discovered the uranium-containing compound "Ulani" in 1789, only 25 chemical elements were known. But by 184 1, by the time Perigord specialized in producing the real element uranium, the number of known elements had increased to 55. There are so many elements, light and heavy, with different properties. It's like a mess.

But chemists are convinced that the material world is orderly, so they have been trying to find some inherent regularity from the characteristics of elements through the chaos on the surface. In 1869, the number of known chemical elements has increased to 62. On the basis of previous work, Russian chemist Mendeleev finally sorted out the messy elements at that time.

He found that with the increase of atomic weight of elements, the properties of elements show obvious periodic changes, which is the famous periodic law of elements. Two years later, Mendeleev enriched and improved the periodic table of elements, which has reached a mature level, almost the same as the modern periodic table.

When Mendeleev compiled the periodic table of elements, he thought that the nature of an element was more important than its atomic weight, so when the nature of an element conflicted with the order of its atomic weight, he boldly changed its position regardless of the atomic weight recognized at that time. For example, the atomic weights of tellurium and iodine are 128 and 127, respectively. If arranged by atomic weight, tellurium should be after iodine.

But Mendeleev put tellurium in front of iodine, so that it was under selenium with similar properties, and iodine was under bromine with similar properties. Mendeleev firmly believes that he has found the most basic one.

2. Summary of high school chemistry knowledge points

Summary of junior middle school chemical equation and its related knowledge points 1, using carbon dioxide gas Ca (OH) 2+CO2 = = CaCO3 ↓+H2O (double decomposition reaction) phenomenon: lime water turns from clear to turbid.

Related knowledge: This reaction can be used to test the presence of carbon dioxide gas. 2. The phenomenon that magnesium belt burns 2Mg +O2=MgO in air: it emits dazzling white light and produces white powder.

3. Decomposition water (or electrolytic water) 2H2O = 2H2 =+O2 = (decomposition reaction) phenomenon: a large number of bubbles are generated at the cathode and anode. Related knowledge points: (1) The anode produces oxygen and the cathode produces hydrogen; (2) The volume ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is 2: 1, and the mass ratio is 1:8.

4. Reaction between quicklime and water Cao+H2O = = Ca (OH) 2 (chemical reaction) Phenomenon: White powder dissolves, releasing a lot of heat-related knowledge points: (1) The final solution is called calcium hydroxide solution, commonly known as clarified limewater; (2) Dropping colorless phenolphthalein will turn red; (3) Quicklime is calcium oxide, and hydrated lime is calcium hydroxide. 5. Copper powder is heated in air to 2Cu+O2 = 2CuO (combination reaction): the purplish red substance gradually turns into black powder. 6. Laboratory oxygen production (or heating the mixture of potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide) 2KClO3 2KCl+3O2↑ = (decomposition reaction) Related knowledge points: (1) Manganese dioxide is used as a catalyst to accelerate the decomposition of potassium chlorate; (2) The quality and chemical properties of manganese dioxide have not changed before and after the chemical reaction; (3) After the reaction, the residual solid in the test tube is a mixture of potassium chloride and manganese dioxide.

The separation method is: (1) dissolving, filtering, evaporating and crystallizing to obtain potassium chloride; (2) dissolving, filtering, washing and drying to obtain manganese dioxide. 2kmno4 = = k2mno4+MnO2+O2 ↑ (decomposition reaction) Related knowledge: Put a ball of cotton 2h2o2 = = = 2h2o+O2 ↑ (decomposition reaction) 7. Charcoal burns in air (or oxygen) C+O2 = CO2 (chemical reaction): it emits red light in air and white light in oxygen; Related knowledge points: The products after the reaction can be tested with clear limewater.

8. Sulfur burns S+O2 SO2 in air (or oxygen) (combination reaction): it emits a faint light blue flame in air and a bright blue-purple flame in oxygen. Related knowledge: This gas is the main pollutant that causes acid rain.

9. Phenomenon that iron wire burns 3Fe+2O2 Fe3O4 in oxygen (combination reaction): it burns violently and sparks everywhere, generating a black solid-Fe3O4. Related knowledge points: (1) When doing this experiment, put a small amount of water or a layer of fine sand in the cylinder to prevent the cylinder from bursting.

(2) The iron wire can't burn in air. (3) The iron wire should be wound into a spiral shape to reduce heat dissipation and increase the temperature.

10, phosphorus burning 4P+5O2 2P2O5 in air (chemical reaction) phenomenon: a large number of thick white smoke is produced. Related knowledge points: (1) Smoke is a small solid particle; Fog is a tiny liquid particle.

(2) This reaction is often used to determine the oxygen content in the air. 1 1. Hydrogen burns 2H2+O2 2H 2O in air (chemical reaction): produces a light blue flame.

Related knowledge points: (1) Hydrogen is a common reducing agent; (2) Before ignition, be sure to check its purity. 12, CO2 gas produced in the laboratory (or the reaction between marble and dilute hydrochloric acid) CaCO3+2HCl==CaCl2 +H2O+CO2↑ (double decomposition reaction) phenomenon: white solid dissolves, and a large number of bubbles are produced at the same time.

Related knowledge: (1) Calcium carbonate is a white insoluble solid. Using its solubility in hydrochloric acid, calcium carbonate mixed in substances can be removed by hydrochloric acid; (2) Because concentrated hydrochloric acid is volatile, concentrated hydrochloric acid cannot be used; (3) Because calcium sulfate is slightly soluble in water, sulfuric acid cannot be used, otherwise the reaction will automatically stop. 13. Calcined limestone (high temperature decomposition of calcium carbonate) CaCO3 CaO+CO2↑ (decomposition reaction) Related knowledge points: It is the principle of CO2 production in industry 14. Methane burns CH4+2O2 CO2+2H2O in air: the flame is bright and light blue. Related knowledge points: (1) methane is the main component of natural gas and a clean and pollution-free fuel.

(2) Usually cover a dry cold beaker above the flame to check whether there is water; Cover it with a small beaker dipped in clarified lime water, and check whether CO2 is generated 15. When the iron wire is inserted into copper sulfate solution, the phenomenon of Fe+CuSO4==FeSO4+Cu (displacement reaction) occurs: a bright red substance is precipitated on the surface of the iron wire. 16, sodium hydroxide solution CuSO4+2 NaOH = = Cu (OH) 2 ↓+Na2SO4 phenomenon: blue flocculent precipitate is formed.

17, rust removal with hydrochloric acid Fe2O3+6HCl == 2FeCl3+3H2O (double decomposition reaction) phenomenon: rust disappears and the solution turns yellow. 18, silver nitrate solution mixed with hydrochloric acid solution AgNO3+HCl== AgCl↓+HNO3 (double decomposition reaction) phenomenon: a large number of white precipitates are generated.

Related knowledge points: silver nitrate solution and dilute nitric acid are commonly used in the laboratory to identify chloride ion 19, barium chloride solution mixed with sulfuric acid solution bacl2+H2SO4 = = baso4 ↓+2HCl (double decomposition reaction) phenomenon: a large number of white precipitates are generated. Related knowledge points: Barium chloride solution and dilute nitric acid are commonly used in laboratories to identify sulfate ions.

20. Copper sulfate turns blue when it meets water. CuSO4+5H2O === CuSO4？ 5H2O phenomenon: white powder turns blue gradually. Related knowledge points: (1) CuSO4 white powder is often used to detect whether water is generated in the reaction or whether the substance contains water. (2) A small amount of water (2 1) is also absorbed by CuSO4 white powder in the laboratory, and charcoal reacts with copper oxide at high temperature (C+2cuo2cu+CO2 =): the black powder gradually turns into a bright red substance.

Related knowledge points: reducing agent: charcoal; Oxidizer: copper oxide 22, carbon monoxide burning 2CO+O2 2CO2 in air (combination reaction) phenomenon: blue flame: (1) carbon monoxide is a common reducing agent; (2) Before ignition, be sure to check its purity. (3) Carbon monoxide is a highly toxic gas, and its binding capacity with hemoglobin in blood is much stronger than that of oxygen and hemoglobin.

23. The phenomenon of reduction of copper oxide CO+CuO Cu+CO2 by carbon monoxide: the black powder changes gradually.

3. Interesting story about high school chemistry, the story is in the front and the principle is behind.

When Zhuge Liang released Meng Huo for the fourth time, the head dragon king threatened to destroy the Han army with poison springs, one of which was the "dumb spring". When Wang Ping, a pioneer in the Han Dynasty, led people to explore the road, because it was hot at that time, people mistakenly rushed to drink the water from the dumb spring. After returning to the camp, the soldiers could not speak, and the heavy responsibility lay on their shoulders. Zhuge Liang was very helpless at that time. A local old man instructed Han soldiers to turn the corner after drinking Wan 'anxi Anle Spring.

Principle: Dummy spring contains a large amount of CuSO4, and people will be poisoned by drinking water containing copper salt, which will lead to slurred speech, vomiting and diarrhea, and finally collapse and spasm. Wan 'anxi Anle Spring contains more alkali, in which OH- can combine with Cu2+ in Dummy spring to precipitate copper hydroxide, which is not easily absorbed by human body, so it will not cause harm to human body.

4. High school students' extracurricular chemistry interest group

"High school students' extracurricular chemistry interest group" should be based on high school chemistry knowledge and expanded in practical application.

You can collect some interesting experiments involved in network video to verify the analysis principle; Dissolve foam toys with chloroform and make table tennis models with acetone. ) You can also use * * * to show a few small experiments, design scenarios, and form a relatively complete story and experimental plot; Experiments on the properties of chlorine gas, chlorine water, hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid. Some chemical phenomena in life can also be analyzed through the knowledge of high school chemistry; (How to make delicious omelet, the order of egg, salt and water) You can also carry out pseudoscience education and research on how to break feudal superstition with scientific knowledge. (Explain the "ghost fire" and the development of painting symbols. ) I hope that each small topic will form a relevant experimental report, put forward the key points of the experiment and extend the application ideas.

We have increased our scientific knowledge by studying high school chemistry, and it is most valuable to turn scientific knowledge into applications and products. I hope you will make steady progress on the road of science.

5. High school students' extracurricular chemistry interest groups.

"High school students' extracurricular chemistry interest group" should be based on high school chemistry knowledge and expanded in practical application.

You can collect some interesting experiments involved in network video to verify the analysis principle; Dissolve foam toys with chloroform and make table tennis models with acetone. )

You can also use * * * to show a few small experiments, design situations, and form a relatively complete story and experimental plot; (chlorine, chlorine water, hydrochloric acid, hypochlorous acid and other properties experiments. )

You can also analyze some chemical phenomena in life through the knowledge of high school chemistry; How to make delicious omelet, the order of egg, salt and water.

You can also carry out popular science education and use scientific knowledge to get rid of feudal superstitions and other pseudo-scientific research. (explain "jack-o'-lantern", graffiti development, etc. )

I hope that each small topic will form a relevant experimental report, put forward the main points of the experiment and extend the application ideas. This sentence may be the most crucial.

We have increased our scientific knowledge by studying high school chemistry, and it is most valuable to turn scientific knowledge into applications and products.

I hope you will make steady progress on the road of science!

6. High school chemistry interest

It depends on your purpose. If you are utilitarian, find a chemistry teacher to make up for the poor foundation and compete on the good foundation; If it is to cultivate students' interest, I suggest that we can apply to the school laboratory for an experimental class, such as theoretical class and experimental class, which should fully arouse students' interest. Personally, I think the latter is the real chemistry interest class.

It won't be difficult to organize. It is mainly a question of planning. You can also consult your chemistry teacher. Remember that it is best to have a small notebook, write down your own plan and implementation, find out the shortcomings, and then improve.

I hope it helps you. I am the representative of chemistry class in our class. You can add me qqq411357986.

7. How to be interested in high school chemistry?

First of all, I think we should cultivate our interest in chemistry. If your family conditions permit, I suggest you buy a set of mainstream science textbooks for high schools in Joyo, USA. It should be a chemical. Of course, other subjects are also good, but it has nothing to do with chemistry. Then read more popular science books on chemistry, so that on the one hand, you can expand your knowledge of chemistry, on the other hand, you can deeply feel that chemistry is not only interesting but also more useful.

Secondly, buy a chemistry reference book with detailed explanations, outstanding difficulties and clear thinking. One more thing, the book you buy must be something you like, otherwise you won't be interested in it and won't read it often. Remember, it must be what you like and what you want from the bottom of your heart.

Thirdly, when you do the problem, you should go from easy to difficult, so you will have a sense of accomplishment. The more you have a sense of accomplishment, the more you want to continue learning, which forms a virtuous circle.

Finally, I sincerely wish you can learn chemistry well.