Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather inquiry - Twenty-four solar terms
Twenty-four solar terms
In the twenty-four solar terms, many people will read some articles in their lives to enrich their knowledge. Twenty-four solar terms are the traditional culture of China and the crystallization of the wisdom of ancient working people. Let's read this article together to let you know more about the 24 solar terms.
Twenty-four solar terms 1
There are four seasons in a year, twelve months in each season, twenty-four solar terms in December, and seventy-two of the twenty-four solar terms. 365 days a year, with five days as the waiting period. The solar term Song said, "The spring rain shocks the spring and the valley days, the summer is full of heat, the autumn dew is frosty, and there is Melissa Zhou in winter." . The first half of the year is June 2 1 day, and the second half is August 23. The dates of the two festivals are fixed every month, with a maximum difference of one or two days. "Most people in solar term song are familiar with these 24 songs. This song contains the names of 24 solar terms and the dates of two solar terms every month.
Twenty-four solar terms originated in the Yellow River Basin. As early as Shao Hao's time, people defined solar terms such as beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn, beginning of winter, vernal equinox, autumnal equinox, summer solstice and winter solstice. After continuous improvement and perfection, by the Qin and Han Dynasties, the 24 solar terms had been completely established. In 104 BC, the taichu calendar Law was enacted, and 24 solar terms were formally set in the calendar, and the astronomical position of the 24 solar terms was clearly defined. The time when the sun runs along the longitude of the Yellow River from zero 15 degrees is called "a solar term". * * * has experienced 24 solar terms, 2 per month. Among them, the first solar term of each month is "solar term", namely: beginning of spring, Jing Zhe, Qingming, Changxia, Mangzhong, Xiaoshu, beginning of autumn, Bailu, Hanlu, beginning of winter, heavy snow and slight cold; The second solar term of each month is "Zhong Qi", namely: rain, vernal equinox, Grain Rain, Xiaoman, summer solstice, great summer heat, early summer heat, autumn equinox, early frost, light snow, winter solstice and great cold. "Solar term" and "neutral qi" appear alternately, each lasting 15 days. Now people have called "solar terms" and "neutral gas" solar terms.
Beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter are used to reflect the seasons, which are the beginning of the four seasons. A year is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. The vernal equinox, autumnal equinox, summer solstice and winter solstice are divided from an astronomical point of view, reflecting the turning point of solar height change; Rain, Grain Rain, light snow and heavy snow reflect the phenomenon of precipitation, indicating the time and intensity of rainfall and snowfall; Frightening and Qingming reflect natural phenological phenomena, especially stinging, which indicates that spring will return with the recovery of early thunder in the sky and underground stinging insects. Xiaoman and awn seeds reflect the maturity and harvest of related crops; The three solar terms, White Dew, Cold Dew and First Frost, on the surface reflect the phenomenon of water vapor condensation, but in essence reflect the process and degree of gradual temperature drop. The five solar terms of slight summer heat, great summer heat, slight cold and severe cold reflect the change of temperature and are used to express the degree of heat and cold in different periods of the year.
The first solar term is beginning of spring. As the beginning of spring, beginning of spring is waiting for spring, cherry and spring. In people's minds, spring is warm and flowers are fragrant; Spring is growth, cultivation and sowing. Spring refers to the period when the average climate temperature is 10℃ to 22℃. ; Speaking of beginning of spring, people obviously feel that the days are getting longer and the sun is getting warmer. The growth of spring sowing crops is accelerated, and the water consumption of wheat at jointing stage is increased. Irrigation and topdressing should be done in time to promote growth. Li Chunchun hit six or nine heads, sowing early in spring, sunny in beginning of spring, sunny in a spring; Beginning of spring, a spring; Beginning of spring is overcast with clouds and spring blossoms. It is best to have a sunny day in early spring, with good weather and good farming. Agricultural proverbs remind people that "it rains in early spring, get up early and go to bed late", and the preparation for farming has begun. The eager grass in the soil is waiting for "they grow taller in the spring breeze"; In order to win a new harvest, people who work hard in the fields are creating real spring with their hands. The poem says:
"Qian Shan is green and the fields are full of flowers. Shan Ye in the mountains, the heart is fragrant with birds. "
The second solar term is rain. Rain is the beginning of rainfall, and the rainfall gradually increases. Rain: first-class cauliflower, second-class apricot flower, third-class plum flower; "Spring rain is as expensive as oil". After the rain, the temperature can generally rise above 0℃, with less snow and more rain. Peaches and plums are in bud, cherries are in full bloom, and the climate is indeed spring. Now is the time to graft fruit trees and plant trees. Water the wheat in time to meet the jointing and booting stage of wheat. "A year's plan lies in spring", time flies, and the four seasons are inspiring.
The third solar term is thunder, which is that the sudden movement of spring thunder wakes up the animals that are dormant and hibernating in the soil. Surprise: waiting for peach blossoms, waiting for Tang Di, waiting for roses; At this time, the temperature rises rapidly. Speaking of stinging, it's the busy season of spring ploughing. Really: the season waits for no one, and every moment is worth a thousand dollars. Due to the alternation of cold and warm air, the weather is unstable and the temperature fluctuates greatly. Therefore, "dressing indiscriminately in February and August, spring is the stepmother." In the season of fright, the spring is bright and everything is revived. Through careful observation and accumulation of phenological knowledge, it will help to arrange farming activities according to local conditions.
The poem says, "Lei Zhen is early, and everything is renewed. The grass pond is green, and the oriole sings the willow tune.
Playing butterflies in the mountains, Yan Zi attracts people to kiss. The first song "Haruka is Fine" touched my heart. "
The fourth solar term is the vernal equinox. At the vernal equinox, the sun shines directly at the equator, and the time between day and night is equal all over the earth. Therefore, the ancient vernal equinox and autumnal equinox are also called "equinoxes", and there is a folk proverb that "vernal equinox and autumnal equinox are equally divided day and night". Vernal equinox: first-class begonia, second-class pear, third-class magnolia; After the vernal equinox, the overwintering crops enter the spring growth stage. There is an agricultural proverb called "Wheat starts at the vernal equinox, and every moment is worth a thousand dollars". Make full use of the weather forecast, grasp the cold tail and warm head, and sow in time.
The fifth solar term is Qingming, which means sunny weather and lush vegetation. Qingming: waiting for tung flowers, wheat flowers and willow flowers; Tomb-Sweeping Day has folk customs such as climbing mountains, eating cold food and sweeping graves. As the saying goes, "Qingming breaks snow, Grain Rain breaks frost." When the weather is clear, the climate is warm and the spring is strong. "It rains in succession during the Qingming Festival" is a portrayal of the spring rain by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.
The sixth solar term is Grain Rain. As the saying goes, "Rain gives birth to a hundred valleys". When the rainfall is timely and sufficient, cereal crops thrive. Grain Rain: first peony, second peony, third peony; In Grain Rain season, cuckoos sing, willows fall, peonies bloom and cherries are red and ripe. Natural scenery tells people that it is late spring. At this time, the temperature has reached 20℃ to 22℃, which makes people feel hot. You can grow sweet potatoes. At this time, in the late spring season, "No one outside asked the fallen petal, Ran Ran is all over the world", the poem said:
"Grain Rain season in Hua Xinfeng, Shan Ye lush Yangliuqing.
Willow flies like snow, and the rain wets tung flowers to welcome guests. "
The seventh solar term is Long Summer, which refers to long summer. The temperature in long summer reaches above 24℃, which can be described as hot summer. As the agricultural proverb goes, "Long summer is small and full, and the rain is urgent to catch up." . "In the long summer, the rice must be cut." . There is a poem that says:
"In the long summer season, sweet potatoes were planted, and the mountains bent, bending everyone's home.
Appreciate the new rain on the farm, and the dew drops on the Chinese rose flowers. "
The eighth solar term is Xiao Man, which means that summer crops such as wheat are full of milk and full of seeds. There is an agricultural proverb that gives Xiaoman a new meaning: "Xiaoman is not satisfied, regardless of mango." "Long summer is full of rice seedlings" and "seedlings are full of grain and autumn". Xiaoman is the season suitable for rice planting. Weng Juan's poem says: "In April, there are few idle people in the countryside, and only silkworms are planted in the fields." It is a scene of growing rice in rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River.
The ninth solar term is awning, which represents the maturity of crops with awning such as wheat. An agricultural proverb says, "April rains, May has no dry soil, and June burns." The poem "The east wind dyed 3,000 hectares, and the herons kept coming and going" vividly described the beautiful scenery of the field at this time. "Wheat will die when it reaches the awn": "There is little rain and high temperature in the awn, and corn is planted between seedlings". In the north, awn is the season to harvest wheat and sow corn.
The tenth solar term is the summer solstice. On the solstice of summer, the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, which is the longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere. From summer to the future, the ground is heated strongly, the air convection is strong, and thunderstorms often form in the afternoon to evening. This kind of hot thunderstorm comes and goes, and the rainfall range is small, so people call it "summer rain separates the fields". Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, skillfully used this weather to write a famous poem, "The east rises and the west falls, and the road is sunny and sunny."
The eleventh solar term is light summer, with dense trees and sometimes light summer. The average temperature is about 26℃, which is already midsummer and quite hot. Before and after the slight summer heat, it entered the season with the most heavy rain. After the slight summer heat, it is often controlled by the subtropical high, and it is often sunny and hot, and it begins to enter the summer drought period. The poem says:
"The rain at night pours at the lanterns, and cicadas lie and sing cool.
There is no grass in the field, and the village is busy in summer. "
The twelfth solar term is the summer heat, which is the period with the most sunshine and the highest temperature in a year. Midsummer is the season when jasmine and lotus are in full bloom. The more fragrant jasmine is, the more fragrant it is, giving people a clean and fragrant enjoyment. Noble lotus flowers, not afraid of the hot sun and showers, gather in the morning and evening. Yang Wanli, a poet in the Song Dynasty, praised it as "a different color of lotus reflecting the sun". The vibrant midsummer breeds a bumper harvest.
The thirteenth solar term is beginning of autumn. When the cool breeze hits beginning of autumn that day, the cool autumn begins. After beginning of autumn, summer corn entered the mature stage of filling, so attention should be paid to prevent the harm of hail, strong wind and heavy rain. "The shortest grass in beginning of autumn also bears seeds", "beginning of autumn turns yellow in 10 days", and a golden "autumn" is coming. The poem says:
"beginning of autumn season is cool, when sunflowers bloom in the sun.
The ears of corn are ready for pollination, and the grass on the ground has seeded. "
The fourteenth solar term is summer, and "summer" means that the hot summer is over. Still feel the afterglow of Autumn Tiger. However, in a few years, as Du Fu said, "The dog days pass and the sun turns into rain", the autumn rain may come ahead of time. Therefore, we should pay special attention to the weather forecast, make full preparations, seize every sunny day, and seize the opportunity to do a good job of grabbing the harvest and the sun.
The fifteenth solar term is white dew, and the Mid-Autumn Festival is "white dew". The Millennium actually indicates that the weather is getting cold. The agricultural proverb says, "If you abuse for a thousand years, you will slip away day by day." Generally, there are always rainy days around the Millennium Festival. There is also a saying in agricultural proverbs that "the weather is sunny for thousands of years, and the rice is as white as silver".
The sixteenth solar term is the autumn equinox. At the autumnal equinox, the sun is located at 180 degrees, and the sunlight is almost direct to the equator, and day and night are almost equal. At this time, the temperature generally dropped below 22℃, and it entered a cool autumn. "An autumn rain and a cold". It often rains continuously, and the night rain rate is also high. The poet Li Shangyin's famous phrase "It rains at night in autumn pool" vividly describes the climate characteristics of rainy nights in autumn.
The 17 solar terms are cold dew, and when the season and autumn are cold dew, it is already "cold dew, which will condense" into frost. The autumnal equinox is early, the first frost is late, and it is the right time to plant wheat in the cold dew wind, so special attention should be paid to wheat sowing.
The 18 solar terms are the first frost, which means that the weather is getting colder and first frost begins. The average temperature is about 65438 06℃. After the first frost, a large number of sweet potatoes began to harvest and dig. Su Shi, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, said in a poem: "There are thousands of trees to eliminate pornography, and only Furong is alone." During the first frost, the fields are lush and autumn chrysanthemums are in full bloom. The poem says:
"Dongshan Jinri, Xinye Xiayi. After the rain clears, the seedlings are about to drip.
The whole seedling is also prosperous, and the grass grows and the grass declines. It is late autumn everywhere, when chrysanthemums are in full bloom. "
The 19th solar term is beginning of winter, which means that winter has begun. On that day in beginning of winter, the water began to freeze and the ground began to freeze. Nowadays, people often regard the biting north wind and cold frost and snow as symbols of winter. Winter is when the average temperature is lower than 10℃. At this time, it is the dry season, the humidity is rapidly decreasing, and the wind speed is gradually increasing, so we must be highly alert to forest fires.
The twentieth solar term is light snow, which indicates the beginning time and degree of snowfall. "Lotus has no shelter from the rain, and chrysanthemums still have branches in Ao Shuang" has always been the scene of early winter.
The 21st solar term is heavy snow. "Heavy snow" means that the snowfall has started to rise. Sometimes we can witness the snowy land, the trees wrapped in silver, and enjoy the charming scenery of "blowing open the petals of ten thousand pear trees". "Snow indicates a bumper harvest" is a popular agricultural proverb in China. A thick and loose layer of snow is like covering wheat with a quilt to keep out the cold. Poetry: "
The sky and the earth are gray and gloomy, and goose feathers are falling silently.
How happy the country is to be a snowman, with warm wine and rich words. "
The 22nd solar term is the winter solstice, which is the shortest day in a year. The masses are used to counting nine from the solstice in winter, and every nine days is a "nine". There is a folk saying called "1929, I am afraid of making moves;" 1949, I walked on the ice; 1959, 1969, Yangliuqiai by the river; 1979, the river froze; 1989, the swallow came; In 1999, I added19; I plow cattle everywhere. " .
Twenty-three solar terms are slight cold, indicating the degree of cold. Plum blossom, camellia, daffodil; As the saying goes, "March 9th is cold". "Sanjiu" is mostly from 65438+1October 9 to 17, which is also within the slight cold solar terms.
Twenty-four solar terms are severe cold, and severe cold is also a solar term representing the degree of cold weather. Great cold: Daphne odora, orchid and alum in Phnom Penh; Modern meteorological observation records show that the great cold is not as good as the slight cold, but in some years and a few coastal areas, the annual minimum temperature will still appear in the great cold solar terms.
As a supplementary calendar used to guide farming, the 24 solar terms reflect the changes of seasons, guide farming activities, and affect the food, clothing, housing and transportation of thousands of households. It is of great significance to agricultural production and people's lives. Therefore, the twenty-four solar terms are called "lunar calendar", also known as lunar calendar. As the saying goes, "solar terms, time and tide wait for no man" is a sigh that people are "old", time is fleeting and life is short. And warned people that this machine would not
Time waits for no one, seize today and cherish the present. The poem says:
"The sunset is new, and the wind and rain are frequent.
Fanghuachun has been here for several years, and time waits for no one. "
Twenty-four solar terms The second severe cold, the last solar term in the twenty-four solar terms of a year, is also the coldest solar term in the twenty-four solar terms of a year. And my favorite is the white snowflake in this cold solar term.
In the morning, under a chill, I absently opened my eyes and looked out of the window. The fairyland-like scene outside the window attracts people's attention.
Snowflakes are flying lightly, and the trees on the bus are covered with white snowflakes. Even the park benches were covered with white blankets. Evergreen pine trees in winter and summer are full of fluffy snow. As soon as the cold wind blows, the snow on the tree falls again and dances in the air. Powdered snowflakes dance, fly, hover, or fall in a straight line in various postures in the air and disappear on the snow-white road.
Sit quietly on the balcony and wipe the fog off the glass with your hands. The cold outside the window, through the window, gently rubbed his fingertips, so cold that people could not help shivering. Hand-rubbed glass windows become brighter and clearer. So those cold silvery whites can see me more clearly.
Carefully open the window, stretch out a hand, and let the north wind, who has been waiting outside the window for a long time, quietly enter the house with fairy snow. A snowflake made a turn in the air and landed quietly and slowly on the sleeve. Hexagonal scales, which are particularly pure, have translucent six corners that extend outward like branches. After a while, it melted and melted on my sleeve, leaving only a faint water stain.
Snow is the tears of rain, and ice is the cold heart. It is so dazzling and dazzling. In the snowy world, it is still dazzling. Just like our youth, it is both short and precious. It's gone, but it's never coming back. "An inch of time is an inch of gold, and a thousand dollars can't buy an inch of time." Cherish today's time and years, because it is fragile and no one knows when and where it will slip away quietly. ...
Twenty-four solar terms Article 3 On the first day of Qin Chun, the warm wind blows gently, the earth begins to sprout, and birds are singing in the branches. The hope of growing for a year, I hope the spring water bends. My supreme astronomy and my noble geography have brought vitality to the earth. The sun walks on the ecliptic, looking back at 3 15 degrees, shining warmly on the farm tools planted and sown, ancient farm tools, the sun crosses the ecliptic, and good luck on earth. The wind is protecting the spirit of the sun, and my melancholy mood disappears in the cup and drinks it off, no longer thinking about last night's sadness. Embrace the east wind and listen to the sound of insects, all kinds of people will sprout, turn over, flap their wings or fly.
The river leading to the mountain, the soup is gone, and the hidden water that penetrates the hole can't flow out much joy and homesickness. White clouds are reflected in the water, helping the boat to rock gently and drift freely. The snowflakes in Hu Yun just disappeared, and suddenly the spring flood came, and a hidden vitality concentrated on the treetops. Ganjiang River flows, tender as water, hot springs evaporate, coagulate fat like jade, bathe in spirit, and wear new clothes again. The waves of the Yangtze River are sharp, the Han River is beautiful and the Chu River is windy, and the dynasty's eyes are far away. How can the waves be drained? Overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period, the tower was built thousands of times and connected with the sky. It's another spring and a reading night, spread out by the window of extensive reading, let the wind miss the new year and let the birds laugh and get drunk.
The east wind thawed, the stinging insects began to tremble, the fish froze, the birds jumped on the branches, the wind was like a hand, and the whip stopped lifting. Beginning of spring is a moment, and a hundred flowers blossom. In the twenty-fourth season, dragons hold their heads high, many dreams are ready to go, many footsteps are running on muddy roads, rain is riding the wings of the wind, birds are singing the fragrance of flowers, the earth no longer needs electric blankets, and the sunny temperature makes everything shake off their cold clothes. My honest and loyal farmer is standing on the ridge to plant crops, and a real draft crop will turn green with the spring water. Sunshine no longer begrudges, and began to nudge colors to dress vilen in gorgeous clothes and embellish his vision with paintings. Spring rain is as expensive as oil and the earth is as crisp as oil.
I connected Tai Sui to the power supply and put him on duty on the silver screen. At this moment in beginning of spring, I asked him to input the password of peace and prosperity into everyone's chip, so that everyone's smile is a flower and a hundred flowers blossom. Flowers bloom, flowers bloom in spring. When beginning of spring opens the door, he bites the root of spring, connecting the earth and air with the eight veins, making you happy. Dong Tang welcomes spring, Ju Mang is the god of spring, and Yangko welcomes spring breeze. I counted a good year's fortune, sent a Geng Jin post and ushered in the valley.
How many people were lured out of the city to explore spring by the news of spring flowers? Let the god of spring bless you, and you can take a leisurely walk and stretch in all the seasons to come. At that moment in beginning of spring, I thought of cows. Cattle from bumper harvest in Yuan Ye to the dead of winter. In the white winter, its cry can't drive away the chill. It pinned its hope of keeping out the cold on straw, chewing the dryness and coldness of a winter. It looks at the distance from the narrow window, eager to see it, waiting for the arrival of spring, waiting to get out of the bullpen and have fun in the fields. When this day came, the earth sprouted. In the morning and spring, the Cleisthenes sounded, the cow rope was untied from the window lattice, the cow's head shook off the grass, the cow's tail was swept lightly, and the cow's hoof was harvested. This is the home of the cow. People know beginning of spring, and cows know spring. I saw from the pictures of spring cows on the royal calendar that cows are as happy as people in beginning of spring and spring. A bamboo flute of the shepherd boy spreads the romance of spring on the cow's back. Cattle don't know the bottom-up scale, but they can understand the warmth of spring and the joy of the field. People, encourage farming; Cows, do their jobs. People, in the hoof tracks of cattle, go to spring ploughing; Cow, hard work is not sunny and rainy. All farming is to label the sprouted branches and then pull them out step by step with a hoe or sickle; On that day in beginning of spring, when the spring was getting warmer, all my thoughts were blooming happily in the sound of guns during the Spring Festival.
Turning over the dust of Yin Ruins, I picked up pieces of Oracle bones and saw heavenly stems and earthly branches, who was very meticulous. In the year and date you arranged, in your impregnable calendar, I saw the connection between farming and solar terms, and also saw the cycle index, time sequence, diligence in my hands and wealth in my heart of the day, month, day, month, year, spring, summer, autumn and winter. After the death of the emperor, his eyes brightened, and the three rural areas were full of crops. Spring has come, refreshing, looking forward to, and ancient trees are blooming. As long as the spring water and soil are integrated, the cuckoo's cry will float in the field; As long as the eyes talk kindly with the farm tools, a series of dots will grow on the ledger.
Gan Yang, Yin Gan, Yang Zhi, Yin Zhi, He Tu and Luo Shu wrote all the mysteries of the earth, and plants broke ground and sprouted, continuing Citigroup last year. The veins are soft, and what is softer is the farmer's heart. Through the longitude and latitude, the text carries the road, running through the north and south, connecting the east and opening the west. Imaging in the sky, molding in the ground, success in people, achievement in diligence, and all success in the Tao all determine that you have a Buddhist heart. The heaven is majestic, the truth is prosperous, the humanity is mellow, and the world is tolerant. Positioning of heaven and earth, in the dry Kun, I climbed the towering peaks and embraced the blue sky and white clouds. The roots and seedlings of all things are closely connected with the earth, and the growth of all things is inseparable from the operation of seasons and the harmony between the four seasons and the sky.
Beginning of spring, the spring water bends, the spring waves are green, the weak willows caress, and the spring rain is half-lovesick. That was last year's green trees, standing on the river bank, waiting, green stems and green willows, dancing swallows and warblers, fiddling with the veils. This is the rapids of small bridges, and it is spring. Cherish twice, people are diligent but not lazy, and strive for the sun in spring, not far away, that is, the running water rings.
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