What are the causes, consequences and countermeasures of global warming?

There are several reasons for global warming: \r\n( 1) Population explosion: In recent years, population explosion is one of the main factors leading to global warming. At the same time, it also seriously threatens the balance between the natural ecological environment. With such a huge population, the annual carbon dioxide emitted by itself will be an amazing number, and the result will directly lead to the continuous increase of carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, thus directly affecting the climate change on the earth's surface. \r\n(2) Atmospheric environmental pollution factors: At present, the increasingly serious environmental pollution has become a major global problem and one of the main factors leading to global warming. Now, the research on global climate change has clearly pointed out that the temperature of the earth's surface has started to rise since the end of last century. \r\n(3) Deteriorating factors of marine ecological environment: At present, sea level changes are on the rise. According to the prediction of relevant experts, the sea level may rise by 50 cm by the middle of the next century. If no measures are taken, it will directly lead to the destruction and pollution of fresh water resources and other adverse consequences. In addition, a large number of toxic chemical wastes and solid wastes produced by land activities are continuously discharged into the sea; Major oil spills in seawater and the destruction of coastal ecological environment by human activities are the main factors leading to the destruction of seawater ecological environment. \r\n (4) Land erosion, desertification and other destructive factors. The main cause of soil erosion and desertification is improper agricultural production. As we all know, good vegetation can prevent soil erosion. But so far, human activities, such as excessive logging, land reclamation for agricultural production and overgrazing, are still seriously destroying vegetation. At present, on average, 20 hectares of forests are destroyed, 65,438+00 hectares of land are desertified and 47,000 tons of soil are eroded every minute in the world. Soil erosion reduces soil fertility and water retention, thus reducing soil biological productivity and its ability to maintain productivity; It may also lead to large-scale floods and sandstorms, causing huge economic losses to society and deteriorating the ecological environment. \r\n(5) Factors of sharp decline of forest resources: Worldwide, due to natural or man-made factors, the forest area has decreased sharply. \r\n(6) Hazard factors of acid rain: The impact of acid rain on the ecological environment has attracted more and more attention all over the world. Acid rain will destroy forests, acidify lakes and endanger living things. At present, most of the acid rain in the world is concentrated in Europe and North America, and most of them occur in developed countries and some developing countries. Acid rain is also occurring and developing rapidly. \r\n(7) Factors that accelerate species extinction: Life on earth is a precious resource for human beings, and biodiversity is the basis for human survival and development. But at present, the biological species on the earth are disappearing at an unprecedented rate. \r\n(8) Water pollution factors: According to the water quality monitoring project of the Global Environmental Monitoring System, about 65,438+00% of the monitored rivers in the world are polluted. Since the beginning of this century, human water consumption has increased rapidly, and the scale of water pollution has been expanding, forming a contradiction between supply and demand of fresh water. Therefore, the treatment of water pollution will be very urgent and important. \r\n(9) Toxic waste pollution factors: The increasing toxic chemicals not only pose a serious threat to human survival, but also bring harm to the ecological environment on the earth's surface. \r\n( 10) Changes in the Earth's periodic orbit: The Earth's periodic orbit changes from elliptical orbit to circular orbit, and the circular orbit is closer to the sun. According to a scientist's research, the temperature of the earth has been alternating between high temperature and low temperature, with certain regularity. \ r \ nSecondly, the harm of global warming \ r \ nThere are about 40 small island developing countries and regions in the world. They face many unfavorable conditions, including lack of resources, economic isolation, degradation of land and marine environment and sea level rise that may be caused by climate change. At the request of the Earth Summit, the United Nations held the "Global Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States" in Barbados in 1994. The meeting emphasized the economic and ecological vulnerabilities faced by small island developing States and adopted an agenda (namely, the Barbados Agenda for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States). The agenda puts forward various policies, actions and measures that governments and the international community need to take to support the sustainable development of these small island developing States. Ecology: Zhang Piyuan, a researcher at the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences: "Global warming" has led to changes in the entire ecological environment. First of all, "global warming" leads to sea level rise and rainfall redistribution, which changes the current world climate pattern; Secondly, "global warming" destroys and affects the biological chain and food chain, bringing more serious natural consequences. For example, there is a migratory bird that flies from Australia to northeast China for the summer every year. Due to global warming, the temperature in the northeast of China is rising and the summer is prolonged, so the time for this bird to leave and return to the northeast is delayed accordingly. As a result, a pest eaten by this migratory bird flooded and destroyed a large area of forest. In addition, extreme events related to the environment have increased, such as drought and flood. Politics: limiting carbon dioxide emissions is equivalent to limiting energy consumption, which will definitely have a restrictive impact on countries around the world. Whether developing countries reduce emissions or developed countries reduce emissions has become the focus of discussion. Developing countries, like a growing child, need to consume energy to promote growth. The greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries are increasing, and the problem of "emission reduction" after 20 13 will inevitably focus on developing countries. The scientific problem of preventing global warming will inevitably lead to the problem of "North-South relations", and the climate problem has actually become an international political issue. Climate: The distribution of precipitation has also changed. Precipitation in the mainland, especially in the middle and high latitudes, has increased, while precipitation in some areas such as Africa has decreased. In some areas, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events (El Nino, drought, flood, thunderstorm, hail, storm, high temperature weather and sandstorm, etc.). ) have increased. Ocean: With the rise of global temperature, the amount of water vapor evaporated in the ocean has greatly increased, which has aggravated the warming phenomenon. The reduction of the total heat capacity of the ocean can restrain global warming. In addition, because the ocean releases excessive CO2 into the atmosphere, the real culprit is the plankton community in the ocean. Generally speaking, the rising temperature will accelerate the melting of ice and snow, increase the absorption of solar energy by seawater and aggravate global warming, but at the same time, the melting of sea ice will strengthen the heat flow between the air and the sea and reduce the temperature. In the past century, the sea level has risen by 14.4cm, and that of China by11.5cm.. The main reason for sea level rise is the thermal expansion of seawater. When the ocean warms, the sea level rises. Global warming will lead to the melting of icebergs in the north and south poles of the earth, which is also one of the main reasons for the rise of sea level. \r\nCountermeasures against global warming: \r\n( 1) Ban CFCs: In fact, the whole world is moving in this direction, and this situation is most likely to come true. (2) Countermeasures to protect forests: Today's global forests, which depend on tropical rainforests for their livelihood, are being seriously damaged by human beings. On the one hand, the effective countermeasures are to stop this uncontrolled forest destruction as soon as possible, on the other hand, to implement large-scale afforestation and strive to promote forest regeneration. \r\n (3) Improve automobile fuel consumption and reduce fossil fuel consumption. Japanese cars have been upgraded in this respect, greatly improving the fuel consumption in the past. In the United States and other places, perhaps because of the rich oil layers, there is no obvious improvement in fuel-saving design, and the fuel consumption is still too high. Therefore, the cars produced in this area have full play in improving fuel design. This effort has reduced the consumption of fossil fuels. \r\n(4) Improve energy efficiency in other occasions: Today, people use a lot of energy everywhere, especially heating and cooling equipment in houses and offices. Therefore, there is still room for substantial improvement in energy efficiency \r\n(5) Taxing the production and consumption of fossil fuels in proportion: this may urge manufacturers and consumers to be vigilant when using energy and avoid unnecessary waste. \r\n(6) Encourage the use of natural gas as the main energy source at present \r\n(7) Tail gas limitation of steam locomotives: Because the tail gas of steam locomotives contains a lot of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, it is hoped to reduce its emissions. Although this method can not directly reduce carbon dioxide, it can produce the effect of inhibiting other greenhouse gases such as ozone and methane. \r\n(8) Encourage the use of solar energy: for example, promote the so-called "Sunshine Plan". This kind of effort can relatively reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, so it has a direct effect on reducing the greenhouse effect. \r\n(9) Develop alternative energy sources: use biomass energy as a new clean energy source. That is, the organic matter produced by plants through photosynthesis is used as fuel to replace the existing high-pollution energy sources such as oil. Burning biomass energy will also produce carbon dioxide, which is the same as fossil fuel, but biomass can continuously absorb carbon dioxide from nature as raw materials, so it can become renewable energy and be recycled repeatedly to achieve the effect of inhibiting the growth of carbon dioxide concentration.