The customs of all countries in the world

European countries have many taboos about numbers, colors, flowers and animals in the West. Westerners generally taboo "13th" and "Friday", the reasons are derived from Christian legends; Many western countries regard black as a symbol of funeral; In international communication occasions, it has become a common practice to avoid giving chrysanthemums, azaleas, carnations and yellow flowers to guests. In addition, animal patterns such as elephants, peacocks and cranes, which are considered auspicious, festive and long-lived in China, are also listed as urgent needs in some western countries, and are regarded as the pronouns of stupid (Britain), adulteress (Britain, France) and stupid (France) respectively.

Due to the differences of national cultures, European countries have many unique characteristics. Friendly gestures, such as waving, mean "going to hell" in Greece. When the Greeks say goodbye, they wave their hands to each other. Therefore, it will be very beneficial to remember the following tips about the characteristics of national cultural customs in European countries for the development of cross-cultural economic and trade activities.

Belgians love to combine business and entertainment, like to entertain others, and also like to be entertained by others, paying attention to appearance and the title of business partner.

Hungarians are superstitious, and dishes made by poultry are not allowed on the New Year's table, thinking that in that case, luck will fly away with the birds.

Danes like sauna and drinking, and wine is more expensive. If you entertain a sauna or bring more bottles of scotch whisky in business activities, you can increase the cooperation between business and capital as the best gift.

Norwegians pay attention to punctuality and keep a certain distance from others. When visiting or attending family dinners, they should prepare flowers or candy for the hostess. Don't scare the river bird (Norway's national bird) when going out for an outing. Red is generally regarded as the popular color.

Germans have a veritable reputation for efficiency. The personal relationship of German negotiators is very serious. Get used to wearing a suit on all occasions (don't put your hands in your pockets, which is considered unreasonable). Gifts should be personal, even in the name of the company.

Greeks love to take a nap, which is caused by the subtropical climate. Saying "good afternoon" can include saying "good night" after midnight. Greek business methods are more traditional, and bargaining can be seen everywhere.

Austrians don't like to eat shrimp during the New Year. Because shrimp will walk backwards, which symbolizes bad luck. If you eat shrimp, it will be difficult to make progress in the new year.

Spaniards emphasize personal credibility, preferring to suffer some losses rather than openly admit their mistakes. If you think they have suffered unintentional losses in the agreement and help them, you will win their friendship and trust forever.

French people give the impression that they are the most patriotic. Even if they speak English well, they will ask for negotiations in French and will never give in. Be very particular about clothes, and wear the best clothes possible during the talks.

Irish people avoid using the combination of red, white and blue (the color of the British flag) because of political and historical reasons. In addition, Irish law prohibits Irish people from getting divorced.

Italians are less rigid than Germans and more enthusiastic than French. However, when dealing with business, they are usually unmoved and make decisions slowly, not to discuss with the staff, but to be unwilling to make a hasty statement.

Luxemburg people are descended from Germans. Because the country is small, most people drive home for dinner at noon and don't work at noon.

The Dutch used to be the most traditional ethnic group in Europe, and they love cleanliness and order. When doing business, I hope you will make an agreement in advance before you arrive in the Netherlands. Frank personality, open and honest.

Portuguese people are very much like Greeks, easy-going and sociable. Wear a suit despite the hot weather. When negotiating with them, you should wear a neat coat and a tie at work and social occasions.

British people follow the rules in everything. Their cars are driving in the opposite direction to other European countries. Because of the conceit of using English as a mother tongue, the British can't speak any other languages except English.

The local conditions and customs of all countries in the world turn to Asia

I didn't know that only one child was born until I got to China.

I didn't know that it would be polite to refuse to pay my debts until I got to Japan.

I didn't know that football in Asia almost drove God crazy.

I didn't know that I had to hug a beautiful woman before I got to Thailand.

I didn't know that people had to make way for cows until I got to India. Know why Chinese people can't sleep

Only in Afghanistan do you know that you can't sue for injustice

Only in Iraq do you know that pollution will kill you

Only in the Middle East do you know that it's important to distinguish between human life and national dignity

Only in Arabia do you know how proud you are to be a man

Only in Australia do you know that bagged rat meat is also delicious

Europe:

Only in Germany do you know. > I didn't know it would be very emotional to be molested until I arrived in France

I didn't know that I could laugh when I was arched to the sky by a cow until I arrived in Spain

I didn't know that even beggars could play a tune until I arrived in England

I didn't know why Newton later believed in Christianity

I didn't know that kissing men in the street could be so popular until I arrived in Holland

I didn't know that opening a bank account without 1 thousand dollars would be laughed at

. You don't have to draft a fairy tale until you get to Italy. You won't get blisters on your face when you eat grilled Pizza every day. Only when you get to Greece do you know that the fascinating places are actually ruined temples. Brief introduction of dangmeigui29@163.com and India's customs. Physical geography

India * * * and China are located in the south of Asia, the center of the South Asian subcontinent. It borders Pakistan in the northwest, China, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan in the northeast, Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east, Sri Lanka and Maldives across the sea in the south, the Bay of Bengal in the southeast, the Arabian Sea in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the south and the Himalayas in the north. It is the maritime transportation hub of Asia, Africa, Europe and Oceania.

India is 3,119 kilometers long from north to south (about 1,6 kilometers into the Indian Ocean), 2,977 kilometers wide from east to west and 6,83 kilometers long in coastline. According to its topographical features, the whole country can be roughly divided into five parts: Himalayan high mountains in the north, Deccan Plateau in the south, Ganges Plain in the middle, thar desert in the west and islands in the east and west seas.

There are many rivers in India, which can be divided into three major water systems according to water source and topography: Himalayan water system; Water system in peninsula plateau area; Water system along the coast. The main rivers are: Ganges River, the largest river in the subcontinent, which originates from Gango Glacier at the southern foot of the Himalayas, with a total length of 2,7 kilometers and more than 1 tributaries, with a total basin area of 1.6 million square kilometers, which flows into the Bay of Bengal. The Brahmaputra River, with a total length of 1,13 kilometers, has a total drainage area of 58, square kilometers and a section of 72 kilometers in India. Yamuna river, the largest tributary of the Ganges, is 138 kilometers long. Nabada River, with a total length of 1,31 kilometers and a drainage area of 98, square kilometers. Godavali River, with a total length of 1,4 kilometers and a drainage area of 26, square kilometers. Krishna River, with a total length of 1,4 kilometers and a drainage area of 26, square kilometers. Mahanadi River, with a total length of 858 kilometers and a drainage area of 13, square kilometers. (8) Taputi River, with a total length of about 72 kilometers and a total area of 65, square kilometers.

India has a typical tropical monsoon climate. The national weather can be divided into cold season (also known as winter or cool season, January-February), hot season (also known as summer, March-June), rainy season (mid-June-mid-September) and monsoon retreat season. In the cold season, the lowest temperature is 15℃ in the north, -2.5℃ in the mountainous area and as high as 27℃ in the south. In hot season, the temperature can be as high as 4℃, 49 ~ 5℃ in Deccan Plateau and 29 ~ 3℃ along the coast. The minimum precipitation in rainy season is 4 mm, and the maximum precipitation can reach 3 ~ 4 mm.

India is vast in land and rich in resources. Main mineral resources: coal reserves are 121.36 billion tons, of which lignite is 2 billion tons, ranking eighth in the world; Iron reserves are 22.4 billion tons, ranking fourth in the world; Oil reserves are 51.8 million tons; Natural gas reserves of 59 billion cubic meters; Copper reserves are 578 million tons and bauxite reserves are 2.653 billion tons; Chromium reserves are 135 million tons; Manganese reserves are 127.9 million tons; Nickel reserves are 2.653 billion tons: bauxite reserves are 2 billion tons; Lime reserves are 51 billion tons, and so on. The output of mica ranks first in the world.

There are about 3, kinds of plant resources and more than 7, kinds of animal resources, among which lions and tigers are "national animals"; Elephants, cows and monkeys are India's "sacred beasts"; Peacock is the national bird of India.

The forest area accounts for 22% of the total territory of China, about 74 million hectares, and the virgin forest accounts for 7 ~ 8% of the total forest area.

society [population and nationality]

The population of India ranks second in the world after China. Compared with the early independence (36 million), the population has doubled 1.3 times, making it the country with the largest annual population growth rate in the world. According to the results of the Indian government's 1991 census, the population growth rate of India in recent 1 years was 23.5‰, and the natural population growth rate in 1991 was 21‰. 8% of the population lives in rural areas, with an average population density of 227 people per square kilometer, 4-6 people per square kilometer in the area between Ganges and yamuna river, and more than 1, people per square kilometer in the Bay of Bengal Delta Plain. However, in the desert area in the northwest of Rajasthan, the alpine area in the northern Himalayas and the central Deccan Plateau, the population is as small as 4 people per square kilometer, and the population in Kerch area in the west is only about 16 people per square kilometer. Since independence, India's population has moved from rural areas to big cities such as Calcutta, Delhi, Madeira and Mumbai.

India has dozens of ethnic groups, large and small, and more than 3 "tribesmen". Ethnic groups account for about 94-96% of the total population in China, and "tribesmen" account for 4-6% of the total population. The main ethnic groups are: Hindustan, accounting for 46.3% of the national population; Mainly distributed in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and parts of Bihar. Telugu, accounting for 8.6%, is mainly distributed in Telainadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. Bangladeshis, accounting for 7.7%, are mainly distributed in West Bengal, Orissa and Bihar. Marat, accounting for 7.6%, is mainly distributed in Maharashtra, Lat and Madhya Pradesh. (5) Tamils, accounting for 7.4%, mainly distributed in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. Gujarat, accounting for 4.6%, mainly distributed in Gujarat. Kannada ethnic group, accounting for 3.9%, is mainly distributed in Karnataka and neighboring states. Malayalam, accounting for 3.9%, is mainly distributed in Kerala and neighboring states. Oriya, accounting for 3.8%, is mainly distributed in Orissa. Punjab, accounting for 2.3%, mainly distributed in Punjab.

The number of indigenous tribesmen in India is about 38 million, accounting for 6.94% of the total population. There are nine indigenous tribes with more than one million people, and the least, such as the Andaman tribe, has only a few hundred people. They mainly live in the northeast, Himalayan, central, western, southern and island areas.

[Language and Religion]

There are about 18 languages and more than 7 dialects in China. They belong to Indo-European, Dravidian, Sino-Tibetan and South Asian languages. The official languages are Hindi and English.

The main religions in India are Hinduism (82.7%), Islam (11.2%), Christianity (2.6%) and Sikh (2%). In addition, there are Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism and Judaism, with about 1% followers each. Some tribal peoples in mountainous areas believe in primitive religions. Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism are traditional religions, which originated in China and the rest were introduced from outside. Marriage and Dowry According to Hindu custom, early marriage is carried out by mentioning Dan, internal caste marriage is carried out, widow martyrdom ("Sati" system) is advocated, and widow remarriage is prohibited. Most marriages are decided by parents, and they are arranged by the media. Usually, marriage is not only a combination of men and women, but also a combination of family, group and wealth. In rural areas, hairdressers are traditional matchmakers.

Expensive dowry is a traditional custom in Indian marriage, and it is also a heavy economic burden, which even leads to social tragedy. In 1961, the dowry prohibition law was promulgated, but the traditional and customary forces made it impossible to implement the law.

Etiquette and custom Indians are very polite when meeting friends, usually by crossing their hands to express their greetings. When crossing your hands, you should be high to the elders, flat to the peers, and low to the younger generation to show respect, equality and care respectively. The honored guests were presented with wreaths, and

expressed their heartfelt welcome. It is worth noting that Indians often shake their heads instead of nodding when agreeing or agreeing with each other. Indian funeral and cremation: usually held by the holy river; Water burial, pushing the body into the water and letting it drift away; Celestial burial or wild burial, leaving the body in the wild or in the forest for vultures to peck or wild animals to eat, while Muslims carry out burial.

In society, boys are preferred to girls. Generally, Muslim women seldom show their faces, let alone associate with strangers casually and shake hands with the opposite sex. Most women put auspicious moles on the center of their foreheads, and like to wear necklaces, brooches, earrings, nose rings, rings, anklets and other accessories.

Hindu festivals (1) Durga Festival, the largest festival in Bangladesh, is held from September to October every year. (2) Wine Festival, transliteration of "Holly Festival", is held at the end of February and the beginning of March every year. (3) Lantern Festival, transliteration of "Diwali Festival", the most solemn festival in Hinduism, is held from October to November every year, and is usually celebrated for 5 days to half a month throughout the country. (5) The festival of cutting the bottom of the mother-in-law's room is translated as "Salaswati Festival", which means "Goddess of Knowledge Festival" and is held every January to February. (6) Sagner Ride Festival is held from June to July every year on the 15th day after bathing. (All the above are Gregorian calendar)

Islamic festivals (1) Eid al-Fitr is one of the two important festivals in Islam. September in the Gregorian calendar (around February in the Gregorian calendar). (2) Eid al-Adha, one of the two major festivals in Islam, is literally translated as Eid al-Adha. December 1th of the Gregorian calendar (around April of the Gregorian calendar).

Sikh Festival nanak Birthday Festival, the first full moon in November in Gregorian calendar.

Jainism Festival Maha Piro Festival is a festival to commemorate the founder of Jainism, Raft Tuomona (that is, Daxiong), which is a major Jainism festival once every 15 years (March).

In addition, Christians in India, like Christians in the world, should also commemorate or celebrate Easter, Christmas and the festivals of a few Buddhists, Christians and Jews.

Economy

When India became independent in 1947, the productivity was stagnant and backward, and the agricultural working population accounted for 8%. On the eve of independence, India's per capita income was 198 rupees, ranking among the lowest countries in the world at that time.

in order to get rid of the predicament as soon as possible, the government regards accelerating industrial development, improving agricultural productivity and realizing economic diversification as the main strategic goal of economic development, and therefore, it has formulated and started to implement a series of economic policies centered on public-private mixed economy and planned economy (seven five-year plans have been implemented from 1951 to 199). The gross national product has increased from 174.69 billion rupees in 195-1951.