How many countries have set up research stations in Antarctica?

At present, 20 countries in the world have established more than 50 scientific research bases in Antarctica.

China's polar scientific expedition began in the early 1980s. 1980 65438+ 10, China sent two scientists to Australia's Antarctic West Station for the first time to participate in the Antarctic expedition organized by Australia, thus opening the prelude to China's polar expedition. Since 1984, China has successfully organized 19 Antarctic expeditions, and obtained a large number of scientific research achievements, many of which have reached the international advanced level, making China's Antarctic scientific expedition an important force that cannot be ignored in international Antarctic scientific expeditions.

How do China Antarctic expedition members go to the South Pole?

Generally speaking, the expedition team members going to China Antarctic Great Wall Station will depart from Beijing by international civil aviation, and may arrive in Santiago, Chile after connecting flights in Japan and the United States, then take Chilean civil aviation to punta arenas, the southern city of Chile, and then transfer to the Great Wall Station by Chilean Air Force plane. When returning from the Great Wall Station, take the Chilean Air Force plane to punta arenas, take the Chilean civil aviation to Santiago, and then fly back to Beijing. Generally, every 2-3 years, China will send research ships to the Great Wall Station in Antarctica for replenishment and scientific investigation. At this time, the team members will go to the Great Wall Station by boat.

As there is no air route at Zhongshan Station in China Antarctic, the team members going to Zhongshan Station will go there by boat. Generally speaking, China sends research ships to Zhongshan Station for replenishment and scientific investigation every year. Scientific research ships usually set sail from Shanghai, crossing the equator along the way, passing through Australia and crossing the westerlies to reach Zhongshan Station.

Which ship is currently carrying out the voyage mission of China Antarctic scientific research?

1994 After the polar expedition was retired, the ship undertaking China's Antarctic expedition was Xuelong.

"Snow Dragon" was originally a B 1* class icebreaker built by Hellson Shipyard 1993, with its own weight 1 1 4 0 tons, power 1 7 9 2 0 horsepower and maximum speed 1 8 knots, and continued. This ship was built by Ukrainian Hellson Shipyard on March 25th, 1 9 9 3. Originally designed as a multi-purpose transport ship in the Arctic, it has strong ice-breaking ability. It can continuously break through 1.2m thick ice layer at the speed of 0. 5 knots. The ship is equipped with an adjustable propeller, which is flexible to operate when sailing and is conducive to breaking the ice. The hull made of E-grade steel plate will not change even in the cold climate of MINUS 4 0 degrees Celsius.

What facilities does the Snow Dragon have?

"Snow Dragon" is equipped with all kinds of advanced equipment and scientific investigation instruments. The meteorological center set up on the ship can receive meteorological data such as satellite cloud images, which provides safety guarantee for the ship to sail in extremely harsh and changeable polar waters. Located in the hydrological data collection room on the second floor, there are a large number of advanced scientific instruments, including fish detectors for searching Antarctic aquatic animals such as krill, Doppler current meters for measuring the speed and direction of seawater during navigation, and "C T D" for measuring the temperature, salinity and depth of seawater. Coupled with data processing center, sample room, telescopic crane and other supporting facilities, researchers can carry out a series of marine investigation and research projects on board. There are also gymnasiums, libraries, karaoke halls, medical rooms, operating rooms and other entertainment, sports and health care facilities, as well as a small swimming pool. "Snow Dragon" is a mobile scientific laboratory and a warm "home" for Antarctic expedition members.

Who is the China scientist who participated in the first human trekking across the Antarctic continent?

The members of the first expedition to cross the Antarctic continent on foot came from China, France, Britain, the former Soviet Union, the United States and Japan.

On July 25th, 1989, the expedition team flew from the United States to China Great Wall Station. On July 28th, relying on dog sledding and snowboarding, they crossed from the foot of Vinson Masif, the highest mountain in Antarctica, to the American research station in Antarctica, and then crossed the "inaccessible area" between Antarctica and the East Station of the former Soviet Union, and crossed the polar plateau in the east. The expedition lasted for 220 days and trekked 5,986 kilometers, completing the only great feat of international cooperation across the Antarctic continent in human history and winning the attention and respect of people all over the world.

China participated in the action of Qin Dahe, a glaciologist from Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Frozen Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences, crossing the Antarctic continent. He conducted a glacier survey along the crossing route, dug snow pits (1 ~ 1.5m deep) every 50 ~ 70km, measured ice and snow parameters, and took ice and snow samples. * * * set up 100 stations and took 800 samples, thus obtaining first-hand complete research data.

What buildings and facilities are there in Antarctica?

With the movement of the continental ice sheet, Amundsen and Scott's national flags, tents and other relics left in the Antarctic were "moved home" under the 50-meter ice sheet about 2000 meters away from the Antarctic today. Amundsen-Scott Station, an American Antarctic research station, was established in 1957. This year, under the command of Sciple, the US Navy Corps of Engineers set off from McMurdo Station, flew for 8 hours, landed at a distance of 0/3 km from the South Pole/Kloc-,used dogs to pull sleds to transport building materials, found directions by the sun, and established a simple station. The current Amundsen-Scott station is built at 1975. Its main building consists of an aluminum dome building with a height of15.8m and a diameter of 50m and four independent buildings. Indoor facilities are well-equipped, luxuriously decorated, with laboratories and libraries. The station is named after the Norwegian explorer Amundsen and the British explorer Scott who first reached the pole.

Amundsen Scott Station, built in 1975, also deviated from the South Pole. To this end, the expedition members of the station will measure the position of the South Pole once a year 1 month 1 daily instrument. Insert a new label. All the replenishment in the station is completed by aircraft, including communication center, meteorological center, high-altitude atmospheric physical observation station and other buildings. Because the station is in a very special geographical position, it can keep all-round observation of any launch into space south of the equator, which is convenient for tracking satellites around the earth; The polar region is also an excellent place for atmospheric science and geophysical research. Because of this, the United States built a station here at all costs and equipped with various precision instruments, which gave full play to its technological advantages and achieved a number of valuable achievements, attracting scientists from all over the world.

Where was the first city in Antarctica?

McMurdo Station, another scientific research station in the United States, is the largest of all Antarctic scientific research stations. The station was built in 1956, with more than 200 buildings of various types, including more than three-story buildings 10. McMurdo Station is the management center of American Antarctic research planning and the comprehensive logistics support base of other Antarctic research stations in the United States. It has an airport that can take off and land large passenger planes and scheduled flights to New Zealand. Besides, there are two small airports near the station. There is also a large desalination plant and an atomic power plant (evacuated to prevent pollution), as well as a large comprehensive repair shop. Communication facilities, hospitals, telephone and telegraph systems, clubs, cinemas and shopping centers are all available at McMurdo Station, and there are four bars alone. There are also private engineering companies at McMurdo Station. In the laboratories around McMurdo Station and far away, there are nearly 200 scientists in winter and more than 2,000 scientists in summer. About 20 to 50 foreign scientists from all over the world work here every year. Every summer, large passenger planes transport thousands of tourists from the United States, Australia, New Zealand and other places to visit Antarctica. In summer, McMurdo Station is full of traffic and excitement, just like a modern city, so it has the reputation of "the first city in Antarctica".

What are the characteristics of Russian Antarctic research station?

American research bases in Antarctica are famous for their large scale, while Russian (former Soviet Union) research bases in Antarctica are famous for their large number and wide distribution. Around the Antarctic continent, Russia has 8 perennial research stations and 6 summer research stations. Due to financial constraints in Russia, most of them were temporarily closed.

The Russian Youth Station, second only to McMurdo Station, was built in 1962. After several enrichment and expansion, it now has not only a high-power radio center, but also a base for launching meteorological rockets into the atmosphere, as well as a well-equipped science museum, laboratory and computing center. This station is the meteorological center of the Soviet Union in the Antarctic. Together with the Peace Station, it serves its ships around the Antarctic continent and provides meteorological support for the safety of aircraft and ships. The main scientific research projects of this station are: aurora, ionospheric physics, geomagnetism, glaciology, oceanography, etc. There is a big airport at the station, and the plane flies back to China irregularly.

Which is the highest scientific research station in Antarctica?

Russia's Oriental Station is the highest altitude of all Antarctic research stations, with an altitude of 3,600 meters. The oxygen content in the air here is very low, which is equivalent to the oxygen content in the air of 5600 meters high in other continents. Dongfang Station is almost the coldest place in Antarctica. 1July 2, 983165438, measuring 89.2 degrees. People call it the "cold pole" of Antarctica. Glaciologists have drilled the deepest borehole in the world, with a depth of 2,600 meters (planned to reach 3,700 meters); Because of the cold climate and strong wind, it is called the inaccessible area of Antarctica. The station generally has about 30 staff members, mainly engaged in the research of geophysics, upper atmospheric physics, meteorology, environmentalism and glaciology.

What's Showa Station in Japan like?

In "A Journey to the South", it is the Japanese who are unwilling to lag behind. Shortly after the end of World War II, in the summer of 1956, when the economy had not recovered, the Japanese Antarctic expedition visited Luzov-Hom Bay in the southeast pole on the icebreaker Zonggu, and built Showa Station on1October 29 1957+29 (69 degrees south latitude and 39 east longitude). The station is located on an exposed rock island long from north to south and wide from east to west, with an altitude of 43 meters. The island is separated from the Antarctic continent by the Ongur Strait, which is 5 kilometers wide. After years of expansion and improvement, the station has 20 buildings and 3 power stations, with a total construction area of 2,900 square meters and more than 40 vehicles and equipment. About 30 people spend the winter on the station every year. Located in the aurora belt, the station can see the aurora almost every day, which is an excellent place to carry out the research on atmospheric physics at high altitude. There are four rockets in the station, and launching sounding rockets here is an ideal means to measure the altitude in depth.

The establishment of Showa Station has made great contributions to Japan's Antarctic expedition, and it is also the station where Japan's Antarctic expedition has achieved the most important research results.

What are the important research work of the British Antarctic research station?

Britain has established seven research stations in Antarctica, mainly engaged in the research of atmospheric science, earth science and biology, in which atmospheric science is divided into three special topics: meteorology (including climate, ozone, solar radiation and pollution), magnetism (including absolute magnetic field and magnetic pulsation) and ionosphere (including the relationship between the sun and the earth and magnetosphere science).

The British Antarctic research station has a superior geographical position and can provide valuable information for theoretical research. Therefore, they claim to enjoy a high international reputation because of the quality of their data, which helps to better understand various phenomena caused by particle landing and changes in atmospheric structure. Britain has also made considerable achievements in earth science and biological research, enriching the theoretical treasure house of Antarctic research.

Which is the smallest perennial research station in Antarctica?

Almost all Antarctic scientific research stations are established with the direct support of governments of various countries, but among many Antarctic scientific research stations, only the "World Park" station established by Greenpeace is a perennial scientific research station that does not belong to sovereign countries. There is also a "perennial wintering station" established by Czech non-governmental organizations, which is also very special. It is the Czechoslovakia station built on the ice cap of Nelson Island in south shetland islands, and it is the smallest, worst and least number of scientific research stations in the Antarctic. Its entire station building has only two wooden houses less than 10 square meters. There is no water, electricity and any communication equipment, only two players are here for summer and winter inspections. In such a difficult and difficult environment, two Czech team members stuck to an isolated island and persisted in perennial biological investigation and meteorological observation in the storm-ravaged Antarctic winter. Their spirit is commendable.

Why are Antarctic research stations built along the coast?

Antarctic research stations are generally selected along the coast of Antarctic continent, and the terrain is relatively flat. The reason for choosing the mainland coast is that large ships should not be close to the land shore, and materials should be unloaded by small boats. In this way, it is convenient to land, unload and replenish materials, and it is time-consuming and laborious to transport materials by plane or snowmobile again at the inland research station. At the same time, because the temperature in coastal areas is generally higher than that in inland areas, the melting water of ice and snow is easy to form large lakes, so the research station is rich in fresh water resources. Another reason is the discharge of sewage. According to the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty on environmental protection, sewage must be treated strictly before it can be discharged into the sea. In order to meet the emission standards, it is necessary to increase purification equipment. In order to save money and reduce and shorten pipelines into the sea, it is very beneficial to build the research station on the edge of the Antarctic continent. Therefore, most Antarctic research stations are built along the coast.

What is the site selection principle of Antarctic research station?

To establish a scientific research station in Antarctica, the first task is to select a site. Perhaps many people will find it strange that the size of Antarctica is not enough. The problem is not that simple, first of all, it depends on whether it meets the conditions for building a station; The second is whether there is any value of scientific investigation. According to the situation of more than 50 perennial scientific research stations and more than 100 summer stations distributed in Antarctica, the conditions for selecting sites in Antarctica are basically the same, which can be summarized as follows. First of all, bedrock is exposed in some areas. The reason why the research station should be built on bare bedrock is mainly because the foundation requirements for building houses are extremely strict. Houses built on bedrock can resist the attack of Antarctic gale more effectively. Secondly, the transportation of people and materials should be as convenient as possible, and it is best to build it along the coast. Third, it should be conducive to a comprehensive internal scientific investigation. In other words, it is very important that the area to be built must have the value of scientific investigation, which is also the first thing that decision makers should think of. Because it is not easy to travel all the way to the South Pole, and it will be extremely difficult to build a research station on a desolate continent. If there is no scientific research value, it is unimaginable, so this standard is also a crucial condition for countries to choose sites.

How to solve the problem of water use in Antarctic inland research station?

The Amundsen-Scott Station in Antarctica and the Oriental Station in the Soviet Union are both built on the ice sheet. How do they solve the problem of fresh water? Simply put, it is to use ice and snow to make water, but it takes a lot of manpower and energy. In order to reduce the consumption of manpower, some inland research stations built curved walls beside the reservoir and used wind to blow snow into the reservoir. Once the water in the reservoir is low, push the snow into the reservoir with a bulldozer and heat it to keep enough domestic water in the pool.

How do China Antarctic expedition members protect the Antarctic environment?

In order to protect the natural environment and ecology of the Antarctic, the China Antarctic expedition team requires all members to abide by the relevant provisions of the Antarctic Treaty, and it is strictly forbidden to chase and frighten animals, not to hurt or catch animals. Without the approval of the webmaster, no one is allowed to collect all kinds of specimens at will. Scientific investigation and collection of specimens and samples should be carried out under the unified organization and leadership of the webmaster and registered; Do not enter animal and plant reserves, protect Antarctic vegetation, and do not destroy or collect it at will; Protect the historic sites in the Antarctic region, and don't carve or scratch them; Take care of the buildings, facilities and equipment of the neighboring stations; All wastes (including feces) going out for inspection should be brought back to the inspection station for unified destruction.

Who was the first person to enter the Antarctic circle?

177365438+1October17, the British ship Determined, with a weight of 462 tons and a crew of 193, sailed around the world under the leadership of Captain Cook and entered the Antarctic Circle near 30 degrees east longitude. This is the first time that human beings have reached the farthest south. Cook and his crew.

Who was the first person to reach the South Pole?

In order to reach the south magnetic pole and find out its exact location, human beings have paid great hardships. 1909, an expedition led by Irish shackleton first discovered and confirmed the position of the south magnetic pole. 1907, shackleton organized an expedition and made an ambitious attempt to conquer the actual position of the South Pole at the same time as the South Pole. By190965438+1October 9, shackleton's expedition reached 88 degrees 23 minutes south latitude, only 160 kilometers away from the South Pole. At this time, the violent snowstorm made them dizzy. Because of the lack of food and physical strength, if you persist, you may be wiped out. In desperation, they had to send a small team across the ice sheet of the Antarctic continent and head for the South Pole. Finally, the team finally reached the south magnetic pole, and the position was determined to be 72 degrees 25 minutes south latitude and 0/55 degrees east longitude 16 minutes east longitude. Mei Sen, an Australian member of the expedition, was particularly outstanding in the process of conquering the South Magnetic Pole. He found the specific location of the south magnetic pole that the Englishman Ross failed to find after several efforts. In order to remember Mei Sen's contribution, later generations named Mei Sen Station, an Australian Antarctic research station, after him.

When was the first expedition across the Antarctic continent?

At the end of 1957, an expedition composed of 12 British people, led by polar explorer fuchs, set out from the research station in Shekleton and traveled along the Weddell Sea for 99 days, with a journey of 3,437 kilometers. Finally, it reached the Ross Sea on March 2, 1958 at/kloc-0, and successfully crossed the Antarctic continent from a relatively short route for the first time in human history.

How does China Antarctic scientific research ship make weather forecast?

It is very important and difficult to provide meteorological support for ships sailing, operating or berthing in polar waters. The meteorological service of the Chinese Antarctic research ship is completed by the meteorological support team on board. The meteorological support team combined the meteorological data observed by the ship in real time with the satellite cloud pictures and fax pictures of the neighboring national meteorological stations for analysis, and made the meteorological forecast and real-time ice forecast for the next 24-48 hours with high accuracy. Combined with the cooperation of relevant domestic units, the weather situation analysis for more than 48 hours can be made for the reference of fleet leaders. However, due to the complexity and variability of polar meteorology and the lack of forecasting experience, mistakes occasionally occur.

Where is the Antarctic scientific research training base in China?

The Antarctic scientific research training base must have a similar polar environment. The Antarctic scientific research training base in China is located in Yabuli Ski Resort in shangzhi city, Heilongjiang Province. 1in March, 986, China's third Antarctic expedition conducted its first winter training here, and all subsequent teams conducted winter training here.

Yabuli Ski Resort is the largest and best alpine ski resort in China, and has successfully hosted various snow events of the Asian Winter Games. The ski resort is located at the northern foot of Daguomei Mountain in Zhangguangcailing Mountain range of Wanda Mountain in Heilongjiang Province, 260 kilometers away from Harbin, with convenient transportation. The highest altitude of ski resort is1374m, which belongs to the climate of small mountainous area. Winter is cold, with an average temperature of around minus 25 degrees Celsius and a minimum temperature of minus 33 degrees Celsius. This area is rich in rainfall. Snowfall begins in mid-June every year at 5438+ 10, and there is still snow on the top of the mountain until early May of the following year. The snow period in a year can last for half a year. Therefore, the natural environment of Yabuli Ski Resort is completely suitable for polar training.

How do China Antarctic expedition members train in winter?

Winter training is an important part of Antarctic expedition team training. The training time is generally from February to March each year. The main contents of the training include: understanding the general situation of Antarctic physical geography, the general situation of China Antarctic expedition and the main tasks of this expedition; Skiing, climbing in the snow, getting out of danger in the ice, camping, digging snow ditches and holes, stopping sliding (turning over to protect), determining the position, identifying the direction, etc.

Through winter training, the team members can master the essentials of alpine skiing, cross-country skiing and mountaineering, especially the combination mountaineering technology; Learn how to quickly save and help each other through ropes when people or vehicles are caught in ice cracks; Master the essentials of using ice pick quickly and stopping sliding accurately when people slide down the ice slope; Learn how to dig holes or ditches in the snow to take refuge; Master the selection of camping sites, the steps and methods of tent building, and learn to have a picnic with kerosene and alpine gas stoves; Learn to use geological compass and hand-held satellite positioning device (GPS) to determine the position and identify the direction.

Should foreign Antarctic expedition members also receive training?

In order to make Antarctic expedition members adapt to the harsh natural environment in Antarctica, gain freedom of movement in the Antarctic region, avoid all kinds of accidents, and successfully complete all kinds of scientific investigation tasks, all countries engaged in Antarctic expedition conduct strict training for expedition members.

The purpose of training is to familiarize Antarctic expedition members with next year's Antarctic plan, which generally includes field training and receiving professional courses according to specific positions.

How do foreign Antarctic expedition members carry out field survival training?

Field training courses are an indispensable part of Antarctic expedition training in various countries, and the general courses include tent camping; How to work in cold weather, even in ice and snow; How to deal with the common environmental difficulties in Antarctica and master the necessary knowledge and skills?

The whole course covers all aspects of life in the Antarctic environment, with special emphasis on survival skills. Although some expedition members may not be willing to leave the station for hiking in the wild, the safety problems in ice and snow, extremely cold conditions and low visibility are closely related to all expedition members. The training contents include navigation, ice and snow walking, life-saving techniques, field equipment operation, setting up tents, creating emergency shelters, search and rescue, cross-country skiing, ice climbing techniques, using radio stations and field first aid techniques.

Who was the first China man to reach the South Pole?

About 3000 people in the world have been to Amundsen-Scott Station in Antarctica. Gao, former deputy director of the Office of the National Antarctic Survey Committee of China, and Zhang Kuncheng, a marine biologist from the First Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration, arrived at Amundsen-Scott Station in Antarctica for a friendly visit at the beginning of 1985 at the invitation of the Polar Research Committee of the National Academy of Sciences. They were the first China people to reach the South Pole.

At the end of 1984, Gao and Zhang Kuncheng departed from Beijing, arrived in Christchurch, New Zealand, flew to the forward base in Antarctica, and then transferred to LC- 130 Hercules plane to fly to the South Pole. This kind of plane is the main means of transportation to and from Antarctica. Although its fuselage is heavy, it has good performance and convenient and flexible action. It is different from ordinary airplanes. In addition to the landing gear, it is also equipped with a sled, so it can take off and land on land as well as on ice, which is very suitable for use in a special environment like Antarctica. The meteorological conditions in Antarctica are complex, and the aircraft flying to Antarctica will listen to 1 weather forecast every l hours or even less. Because of the weather, their flight schedule to the South Pole has been changed many times.

1985 65438+1October 1 1 They finally met with good weather and flew to the South Pole smoothly. On the day they arrived at the South Pole, they excitedly raised China's five-star red flag at 90 degrees south latitude, and planted a beacon tower pointing to Beijing, China at the South Pole.

Who was the first China woman to reach the South Pole?

Many people from all over the world visit Antarctica, but few women. However, women from China participated in China's Antarctic expedition from the very beginning. Li Huamei, a researcher at Guiyang Institute of Geochemistry, China Academy of Sciences, is the first female scientist in China to go to the South Pole. 1983165438+1October, at the invitation of the New Zealand government, she was sent by the National Antarctic Survey Committee. Together with another scientist, Xu Chang, she participated in the summer Antarctic expedition organized by 1983- 1984 in New Zealand, at Scott Station, New Zealand, to inspect the geology major.

Who was the first China journalist to arrive in Antarctica?

1979 65438+ 10 15, Xinhua News Agency correspondent Jin Renbo in Chile visited three stations established by Chile on the Antarctic Peninsula, as well as Billings Jingao Station in the Soviet Union and Okadas Station in Argentina. He was the first China reporter to cover Antarctica. Since then, journalists have participated in almost every Antarctic expedition and Arctic expedition. They wrote articles, took photos and videos, and introduced China's Antarctic expedition to people all over the country and the world.

Who was the first China scientist to land on the Antarctic continent?

1980 65438+1October 6 to March 18, at the invitation of the Australian Antarctic Bureau, China sent Dong Zhaogan and Zhang Qingsong for the first time for a 47-day scientific investigation and visit to the West Station in Antarctica, Australia. They were the first China scientists to land on the Antarctic continent. During this period, they also visited McMurdo Station in the United States, Scott Station in New Zealand and Didurville Station in France.

Who were the first China teenagers who arrived in Antarctica?

1986 65438+1On October 20th, the unveiling ceremony of "China Youth Memorial Logo" was held at China Antarctic Great Wall Station. * * * Young Pioneers' representative, Yang, was selected from hundreds of millions of children by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League to attend the opening ceremony of the Great Wall Station. They were the first Chinese Young Pioneers to arrive in Antarctica.

Who was the first person to explore the world across the North and South Poles?

1On September 2nd, 979, Sir Ranulf Fines of England bid farewell to Prince Charles, and led an expedition to leave the Thames in England on the ship Benjamin Bowing, thus starting the first global expedition across the North and South poles in human history. On the way across the Antarctic continent, they overcame all kinds of difficulties and finally arrived at Scott Station in New Zealand Antarctic Station at 198 1 10, which lasted 75 days. 1982 In the summer, Jazz and Burton left the wintering ground on the north shore of ellesmere island in the Arctic Ocean by snowmobile to conquer the last journey-the Arctic Ocean. Because there were too many ice walls along the way, they gave up their snowmobiles, pulled up a glass sled with 72 kilograms of supplies, and advanced to the North Pole step by step. They overcame unimaginable difficulties and finally reached the North Pole on April 1982+0 1. After 99 days' trek, they finally got out of the cold sea and returned to the ship Benjamin Bowing. When they returned to England, they were warmly welcomed by people. At this point, the first three-year expedition across the North and South Poles ended, with a journey of 56,000 kilometers.

How does China carry out the investigation of Antarctic inland ice sheet?

Although China's two Antarctic research stations are located along the Antarctic coast, it has successfully organized three Antarctic inland ice sheet expeditions so far. 1997 65438+1October 18, the first inland ice sheet expedition in China, with 8 members, set off from Zhongshan Station by three snowmobiles. In the following 14 days, the team braved the cold of MINUS 30 degrees and went deep into the ice sheet for 300 kilometers, drilling two ice cores more than 50 meters long. From these ice cores, we can analyze the climate and environmental changes in recent 200 years.

1998 The second inland ice sheet survey was conducted in early 1998, which went nearly 500 kilometers inland and drilled ice cores with a depth of more than 50 meters.

1999 65438+1October 1 1, the third ice sheet exploration went deep into the Antarctic inland area of Dome A, 1 100 kilometers. On the ice sheet at an altitude of more than 3,800 meters, an ice core with a depth of 100 meters was drilled with a drilling rig developed in China, breaking the highest ice core drilling in China. According to estimates, the "age" of the ice core is at least 600 years old. The ice cores obtained this time provide valuable physical data for Antarctic scientific research and global climate change research.

Why do we drill ice cores on the Antarctic ice sheet?

It is not easy for Antarctic expedition members to drill ice core samples on the Antarctic ice sheet. Some deep ice cores need to establish well-equipped research stations in the Antarctic plateau for drilling, which consumes countless manpower and material resources and takes several years to complete. Of course, scientists also drill ice cores in some glaciers in the Arctic and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but it is easier than in the Antarctic. Glaciers in Antarctica, Arctic and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are composed of ice layers accumulated by snowfall every year. Ice and snow well store all kinds of substances that fall into the atmosphere. Therefore, the ice core provides all the historical records of climate since the formation of glaciers. Through the study of ice drilling samples, we can understand the historical evolution process of global climate, judge the impact of human activities (especially since the industrial society) on the global environment, and also understand the major events in the evolution history of celestial bodies and the earth. Therefore, ice and snow are an important treasure house for human beings to understand the natural environment.