Two original

The second is Tao [author] Du Fu? the Tang Dynasty

On March 3rd, Spring Festival, the weather was fresh, and many beautiful people gathered in Qujiang, Chang 'an.

Dignified attitude, lofty and quiet personality, plump skin, thin and moderate figure.

Embroidered gold and silver silk unicorn in late spring.

Jade flowers hanging from their temples hang on their temples.

The jewelry skirt behind them is safer.

Several of them are relatives of the imperial concubine and two wives of Guo and Qin.

The jade steamer is served with fragrant pots and purple humps, and the crystal plate is served with delicious white fish.

They held their horns and chopsticks for a long time, and the chef held a sharp knife.

The eunuch flew away, afraid to raise the dust, and the cook came to the sea, enjoying delicacies.

My music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, music, and so on.

How arrogant a horse owner is. He dismounted from the embroidered carpet and went into the tent.

Snow-like duckweed is easy to fall and cover, and bluebirds fly to the ground in red silk handkerchief.

Yang Jiaqi's flame is extremely powerful and unparalleled. Please don't go near it, lest the Prime Minister be furious!

Their appreciation of the road-this poem was written in the spring of 753 AD (Tianbao 12th year), satirizing the arrogance and extravagance of Yang's brother and sister. In the first two lines of the outline, "Too Strong" is about the beauty of a beauty's posture and clothes, "Jiuzhong" is the protagonist, "Zituo" is about the luxury of feasting, and "Later" is about Yang's arrogance and * * *. The whole poem is not an empty discussion, but exposes the facts to the fullest. Language is extremely extravagant, and the irony is self-evident. This is a wonderful satire. "Du Fu's Poetry Talk" says: "This poem pricks the banquet of Youyang Qujiang. ..... This writing of Qin and Guo is a general statement that beauty is subtle and this poet is subtle and decent. " Reading Du Xin Jie said: "There is no irony, but the language in the description is ironic. There is no sigh, and the voice of teasing is sighing. "

By describing the scene of Yang's brother and sister's spring outing in Qujiang, the whole poem reveals the ugly behavior of the ruler's corruption and arrogance, and reflects the social reality on the eve of the Anshi Rebellion from one angle. This poem is divided into three parts. First of all, it describes the beauty of a lady's figure and the splendor of her dress, which leads to the charming beauty of the heroine, Sister Yang. Write down the luxury of the feast and the luck you get. Finally, write Yang's arrogance. The whole poem is grand in scene, distinctive and rich in style, delicate and vivid, and implicit and meaningful at the same time. There are no broken sentences in the poem, but it can let the characters express the meaning.

The language is extremely elegant, and the beauty of Furama contains the spirit of being honest and clean. Although there is no ironic language, there are sharp daggers and sarcasm in vivid descriptions.

This poem was written in the 12th year of Tianbao (753), shortly after Yang became the right phase. These poems strongly criticized the arrogance and extravagance of Yang's brothers and sisters, and also revealed the social reality that the king was fatuous and the court was corrupt at that time. The beginning of the poem points out the time-March 3. With exquisite brushwork and rich ci, the poet described a group of beautiful women with graceful posture and beautiful appearance. Then he talked about his gorgeous clothes and exquisite headdress, all of which showed the noble status of beauty. Ten sentences, such as "some are royalty", describe the three wives of Guo, Qin and Han with exquisite brushwork. According to Biography of Yang Guifei in Old Tang Dynasty, Yang Guifei's eldest sister was named Mrs. Han, her third sister was named Mrs. Guo and her eighth sister was named Mrs. Qin. Every time they go out to play, their family is a team, and the maids wear uniform clothes and look like clouds from a distance; Cars and horses are enough to block the road, and the scene is spectacular. The poet described in detail the luxurious scene of the feast of three ladies. They held a banquet in the cloud account. "The red hump was brought by the jade broiler, and the fragrant fish was counted by the crystal." They used colorful copper pots and crystal plates to hold food, writing about the luxury and luxury of the life of the Yang sisters. However, in the face of such a rare delicacy, the three ladies all held chopsticks made of rhinoceros horn in their hands and didn't pick up vegetables for a long time, because they were tired of eating these things, which showed their arrogance. Pity those chefs who are meticulous about the knife. This is a waste of time. After seeing this situation, the eunuch in the imperial palace immediately rode back to the palace to report, and in a short time, all kinds of delicious food from the chef of the son of heaven came in an endless stream. These six sentences mainly focus on Yang's strong and arrogant attitude. He got off his horse at Xuanmen like no one's watching, and swaggered into the carpeted tent to see Mrs. Guo. He relied on the respect of the right phase outside and the love of the imperial concubine inside to monopolize the power in the DPRK and block the way of speaking, making the affairs of state very dark. In the sentence of "A flying willow in the snow-the duckweed is covered with cotton, and the bluebird finds its way with a cinnabar handkerchief", the poet skillfully uses the story of the treacherous court official of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the allusions in the Biography of the Jade Bird to expose the * * * behavior of Yang and Mrs. Guo. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Hu Taihou bullied Huayang into having an affair with himself, and Huayang was afraid of getting into trouble. Later, he surrendered to the Liang Dynasty. Hu Taihou wrote the word "Yang Baihua" to express his thoughts. The word "bluebird" first appeared in Shan Hai Jing. It is a mythical bird and is said to be the messenger of the Queen Mother of the West. It is said that the Queen Mother of the West saw the bluebird flying in front of the temple for the first time before meeting the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Later, the "Jade Bird" was regarded as a messenger between men and women. In this poem, it refers to the person who delivers the message for Yang.

In the last two sentences of the poem, the poet finally points out the theme, but he still doesn't discuss it directly, but gently persuades others: don't go near them, or the prime minister will be angry. This ending can be said to hit the nail on the head, seemingly subtle, but in fact sharp, ironic, humorous and spicy. Appreciation II "Biography of Yang Guifei in the Old Tang Dynasty" contains: "Fortunately, Xuanzong had five courtiers, the Guo Zhong sisters, at the Huaqing Palace in October. Each family is a team, wearing the same color; Five teams meet together, like a hundred flowers. And the cymbals are falling, the pearls are rustling, and the fragrance is on the road. The loyalty of the country is private to the country of Guo, and it does not avoid the thorn of the male fox; Every time I enter the DPRK, or drive with a bodyguard, there are not enough curtains. Every three dynasties celebrate, five drums are waiting to be leaked, makeup spots are full of lanes, and wax torches are turned into ashes. " In the 11th year of Tianbao (752), Yang became the right-hand man. As the twelfth spring, this poem satirizes the extravagant life of Yang brothers and sisters, and its twists and turns reflect the fatuity of the king and the corruption of current politics.

The tendency of a successful literary work should be naturally revealed from the scenes and plots, and should not be specifically pointed out. The more hidden the author's point of view, the more favorable it is to the works of art; In addition, it is not necessary for the author to impose the future solution to the history of social conflicts he described on readers. Two on the Road is a very successful work. The theme and tendency of this song is not obscure, but it is not pointed out but naturally revealed from the scene and plot. From beginning to end, the poet described those short scenes and plots in a positive way, which is usually used in some Yuefu folk songs, such as "Shang Mo Sang". His attitude is serious, his brushwork is exquisite, his colors are bright, rich and magnificent, and he is not glib at all, nor is he portrayed in a cartoon way. But what is amazing is that it is in this solemn singing that the poet successfully completed the sacred mission of exposing corruption and lashing evil in poetry, and gained stronger artistic criticism power than ordinary light satire. In the poem, first of all, there are many beautiful women who walk along the Qujiang waterfront, as well as their refined posture, beautiful posture and gorgeous costumes. Xin Yannian's "Lin Yulang": "Hu Ji is fifteen years old, and one person is coming in spring. Iron dragon, acacia tree with wide sleeves. Lantian jade is on his head, and Zhu Qin is behind his ear. There is nothing good about the two. " "Singing by Shang Mo": "There is a bun on the head and a bright moon in the ear. It's the skirt below, and the purple one is the top. " Jiao Zhongqing's wife: "I embroidered a skirt, and everything is four or five." My feet are on tiptoe and my head is shining. If the waist is flowing, listen to the bright moon. Refers to the root of onion, with dani in its mouth. The steps are meticulous and exquisite. "It is from this expression of folk songs that eight sentences of' powerful country' are repeatedly recited. Du Yi: "Gordon pai' ea chung-hoon:' This is the wind, but this poem is rich and straightforward. If it's too deep, Miaomiao. "Another cloud said,' It is so rich that a clear atmosphere is in it.' ......' national strength and far-reaching meaning' and' flesh and blood connection', painted a national color. Physical beauty is called' even blood' and body clothes are called' steady body', which is good. "Predecessors have seen this poem satirically painted with meticulous ladies. Hu Xiake said, "Tang Xuanzong, the minister of tasting words, said,' During the reign of Xuanzong, there were two gold coats in the inner government, one decorated with a golden sparrow and the other with a noble lady; Now your family has it. "According to this poem, Gaiyang's clothes are intended to be forbidden in the palace." In short, seeing the beauty of luxury clothes is not an idle generation. Writing in a lively place, the pen turned and pointed out that "some of them are royalty and princesses Guo and Qin" and squeezed the three ladies Guo and Qin (and of course South Korea) into the crowd. Focus on all the beauties, but focus on the third lady; The third lady saw it, and all the beautiful women saw it. The whole elite saw the decadent wind of arrogance and extravagance, and did not satirize their opinions. Cuisine pays attention to color, fragrance, taste and utensils. "The red hump is taken out from the jade broiler, and the sweet fish is ordered on a crystal tray". With one or two names and appropriate colors, the elegance of the utensils, the exquisiteness and richness of the dishes, their fragrance and taste are described. Needless to say, such a rare delicacy has been painstakingly preserved for a long time, which has vividly described the arrogance and extravagance of the third lady. "galloping from the yellow gate can't stir up dust, and it keeps bringing delicacies from the royal kitchen." The palace eunuch flew by, but the road did not move. What a great distance and ostentation! The royal style is unusual after all. It's really beautiful and scary. What's the matter with sending the eunuch so seriously? It turned out that he was ordered to send delicious food from the royal chef to add food to the feast of Qujiang aunts. There was a bald head (often called "aunt" in Xuanzong Palace of Tang Dynasty) who was not considerate, affectionate or fatuous. The history of music "Biography of Yang Taizhen" contains: "Hsieh Aman, a newcomer to Xinfeng, is good at dancing. With the princess, so. According to the records of the small museum in the Qing Dynasty, King Ning played the Jade Emperor, the Princess Pipa, the period, the Zhang Yehu and what he played. From Dan to noon, Qi Huan was not normal. Mrs Qin, the princess's only daughter-in-law, sat up and watched. After singing the song, he went to the theater and said,' Auntie is happy. Today, I am lucky to support my wife. Please wrap your head! Qin said,' Is there an aunt of the Tang emperor who has no money to use evil? So 3 million is a game. "The Yellow Gate is witnessed by people, and the song" Please Enjoy "is a legend in the Song Dynasty. There is truth and falsehood, and everything happens for a reason. In contrast, the wretched mental outlook of the romantic son of heaven can be imagined. " "Mourning on the Flute and Drum" and "Songs with Guests" are the connecting link, creating momentum and setting off the atmosphere for the "later" players. He strolled on the pommel horse "later" without knowing it, but decided to dismount from the porch and go to the golden seal party with his third wife: this situation was purely manifested by the cold eyes on the sidelines. When witnesses and readers are dumbfounded and shocked, they will know who they are and what happened after a little thinking. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Hu Taihou bullied Yang Baihua for having an affair. Yang Baihua was afraid of disaster, so he dropped Liang and changed his name to Huayang. Hu Taihou missed him and wrote "Song of Yang Baihua", accompanied by the sentence "Autumn will go and spring will come, and I would like to bring it into the nest". "Jade Bird" is the messenger of the western queen mother in myths and legends, and is often used to refer to the role of "matchmaker" in Tang poetry. In Zhang Jie's Qujiang Poems, there is a saying that "the sheep are white when they fall off the trees", which shows that willows are planted beside Qujiang. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the temperature in Guanzhong area was high, so it was true that flowers floated on the third day of the third lunar month. "A seemingly rich sentence is actually a metaphor for the * * * relationship between Yang and Guo. The history of music "Biography of Yang Taizhen" contains: "Guo's country is chaotic with its loyalty. Every time he entered the palace, Han and Guo Lian whipped his horse without taking the exam, which was ridiculous. Since the official supervision, I have ridden 100 many times. Hold a candle like a day, walk in fresh clothes, and be dazzled. " They are quite open-minded, dare to March in the city, travel with others and perform all kinds of disgusting antics in public. In that case, why is it that "before the Prime Minister arrives, the audience is still near, but when the time comes, it is forbidden to be impressive" (yellow) and tourists are not allowed to watch? In order to show its "hot" power, this is of course a reason, but it is intertwined. It is hot after drinking. Although it is a bottle opener, it also has privacy that others don't want to see. "Spring can't close the garden, and an almond goes out of the wall." The red handkerchief taken away by Jade Bird is convenient for revealing a little spring scenery intentionally or unintentionally. "Mrs. Guo": "Mrs. Guo thanked the Lord, got on the horse, and entered the Golden Gate peacefully. However, I don't like the color of the powder. I swept the moth's eyebrows to the extreme. " See Du Fu's thatched cottage poems and Zhang Hu's poems. This poem describes Mrs. Guo's coquetry, which can be read in two ways. When commenting on "The Second Way", Pu Qilong said: "There is no irony, just describing irony; There is no sigh, and the degree of ridicule is lamented. " Doesn't this mean that the tendency of this poem is not pointed out, but naturally revealed from the scene and plot? What was the solution to the social conflict described by the poet at that time? Even if he realized it, I'm afraid he wouldn't dare to think about it seriously, let alone impose it on readers. But after reading it, readers can't help thinking: since the supreme ruling clique is so corrupt, it's strange that the world is not chaotic! This is not an abstract sermon, it is the logic that readers get directly from art by their excited hearts. Du Fu (7 12-770), the author of Two Ways, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (gongyi city, Zhengzhou, Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is honored as a "poet saint" and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". Du Fu was concerned about the country and the people, and his personality was noble. There are about 1400 poems preserved, and the collection is Du Gongbu, whose poetic skills are exquisite and highly respected in Chinese classical poetry, with far-reaching influence.

Du Fu's Other Works ○ Hope for Spring

○ The hut was broken by the autumn wind.

Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night.

Quatrain

Wang Yue

○ More works by Du Fu