Present situation of Wuliangsuhai Lake

Wuliangsuhai Lake is a river lake formed by the diversion of the Yellow River. In 2002, it was officially listed in the list of internationally important wetlands by the International Convention on Wetlands, and it is a biodiversity conservation area of wetland system that has attracted much attention from the international community.

At the same time, Wuliangsuhai is an important part of the water conservancy project in Hetao irrigation area. It receives more than 90% of farmland drainage in Hetao area, and is discharged into the Yellow River after biochemical action of lakes, which plays a role in changing water quality, regulating water quantity and controlling salinization in Hetao area. Wuliangsuhai wetland ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining the ecological balance in the surrounding areas.

Due to the deterioration of water quality, sediment deposition, vegetation degradation and loss of animal habitat, many plankton in Wuliangsuhai wetland are decreasing year by year. Although the amount of sewage injected into Wuliangsuhai has been controlled after several comprehensive treatments, the overall situation is still not optimistic, and many ecological and environmental problems still exist. If governance is not stepped up, the beautiful Wuliangsuhai will disappear from the earth.

From May 28th, 20 12 to May 28th, 3 1 2, the reporter of China Business News went to Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia for an interview. The investigation found that the second largest fishing ground in Inner Mongolia has become a "sewage pool" for collecting industrial sewage and domestic sewage. In the past 20 years, Wuliangsuhai is performing a unique sad song of pollution relay.

From Urad Qianqi to the east, the car shop arrived at Wuliangsuhai Scenic Area in more than an hour.

Plastic bottles, countless dead fish and other garbage are floating on the water, and many places are bubbling. Under the water depth of less than 1 m, perennial submerged plants such as POTAMOGETON crispus thrive. The water is covered with yellow algae. Here reeds grow wildly, and even clumps of reeds are drilled between the planks of the scenic trestle. There are poisonous mosquitoes and flies everywhere on the embankment. Take a bite, and the swelling will not fade for a few days.

In the core area of Gesar in Wuliangsuhai Wetland Waterfowl Nature Reserve, the area of yellow algae is large, covering almost the water surface on both sides of the highway. Xanthomonas is an algae plant that grows in wetlands. When the temperature is suitable and the eutrophication of water body intensifies, it grows and spreads rapidly, covering the water surface, which can cause fatal damage to aquatic plants, birds and fish.

In May 2008, yellow algae appeared in Wuliangsuhai Lake, covering an area of more than 80,000 mu for nearly five months, which covered the water surface in the core area and seriously polluted the water body, which attracted great attention from the leaders of the State Council.

At present, most of the water surface of Wuliangsuhai Lake has been covered by reeds except for yellow algae. The water quality in the whole lake area is black and smelly. According to the information provided by Bayannaoer Hetao Water Group, the water quality here is "inferior to five categories" all the year round, so it can't be drunk, watered or even touched with skin.

It is the largest freshwater lake in the Yellow River basin and is known as the "Pearl beyond the Great Wall".

According to the monitoring data of Bayannaoer Environmental Monitoring Station on October 20, 2005-20 10/0, the environmental pollution and ecological function degradation in Wuliangsuhai Lake are severe, and the rate of ammonia nitrogen exceeding the standard is 30.3%. The sediment pollution is serious, with total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metals exceeding the standard, and the sediment pollution in Xidatan and Dongdatan is the most serious. The species and quantity of fish have been greatly reduced, and the function of freshwater fishery base has gradually lost. Due to the deterioration of water quality, sediment deposition, vegetation degradation and the loss of animal habitat, many plankton in Wuliangsuhai are decreasing year by year. In May 2008, yellow algae appeared in Wuliangsuhai Lake, covering an area of more than 80,000 mu for nearly five months, covering the water surface in the core area and seriously polluting the water body, which attracted great attention from the State Council. The water quality of Wuliangsuhai is "worse than five categories" all the year round, so you can't drink, water or even touch with your skin.

According to the monitoring data of Bayannaoer Environmental Monitoring Station on October 20, 2005-20 10/0, the situation of environmental pollution and ecological function degradation in Wuliangsuhai Lake is grim, and the rate of ammonia nitrogen exceeding the standard is 30.3%. The sediment pollution is serious, with total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metals exceeding the standard, and the sediment pollution in Xidatan and Dongdatan is the most serious. The species and quantity of fish have been greatly reduced, and the function of freshwater fishery base has gradually lost. 20 1 1 At the end of the year, the feasibility study report of the eutrophication control construction project in Wuliangsuhai, Inner Mongolia was approved by the National Development and Reform Commission. According to the plan, the construction period of the eutrophication control project in Wuliangsuhai is 3 years, with a total investment of 29.747 million yuan, including 23.797 million yuan from the state and 5.95 million yuan from the local finance.

According to the comprehensive control plan of Wuliangsuhai Lake, by 2020, the total investment in the control of Wuliangsuhai Lake will reach 8.62 billion yuan, including 4.78 billion yuan in the short term (2010 ~ 2015) and 3.84 billion yuan in the long term (2016 ~ 2020). The ultimate goal is to reduce the pollution load into the lake by 70% on the existing basis, reach the four standards of water quality and improve the aquatic ecosystem in an all-round way. According to reports, by the end of 20 10, the area of Wuliangsuhai is only 293 square kilometers.

Once Wuliangsuhai, which has such an important ecological position, disappears, "land desertification will be more serious, and the desert will drive straight into it, aggravating the sandstorm disaster in the northern region." The research report of Human Resources and Environmental Protection Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference said.

Experts from China, Norway and Sweden conducted a joint investigation to control the pollution in Wuliangsuhai. Experts from the three countries predict that Wuliangsuhai will become a swamp within 40 years if it is not treated and protected. Experts from the three countries believe that the largest natural wetland in the same latitude on the earth will lose its function of regulating climate, bringing disastrous weather to the local area and even Beijing and Tianjin. It is urgent to save Wuliangsuhai.

Due to serious pollution, the area of the lake area has been sharply reduced, the ecological function has been seriously degraded, the eutrophication of the lake water body has been serious, and the process of swamping has been accelerated. Experts predict that Wuliangsuhai 10 may disappear within 20 years without rescue protection or treatment.

"Overnutrition" in Wuliangsuhai

Wuliangsuhai was formed by the diversion of the Yellow River more than 200 years ago. It is located in Hetao Irrigation Area, one of the three super-large irrigation areas in China. However, more than 90% of farmland drainage in Hetao irrigation area enters Wuliangsuhai Lake, which not only supplements water to lakes in this arid area, but also supplements excessive "nutrition" elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus.

In 2008 and 20 10, there were two large-scale yellow algae incidents in Wuliangsuhai, and the water in the core area was covered, which caused water pollution and threatened the habitat and survival of wild birds and fish in the lake area.

Farmland retreat has become the main pollution source.

"Wuliangsuhai has caused so much pollution today, and most of it is caused by non-point source pollution caused by farmland retreat." Yue, director of the Wuliangsuhai Wetland Nature Protection Bureau in Inner Mongolia, said that Wuliangsuhai has always been a place where Hetao retreats.

The annual evaporation of Hetao backwater collected by Wuliangsuhai can reach 2000 ml. After the water evaporates, the mineral, pesticide and fertilizer residues contained in the raw water are continuously deposited and concentrated, which aggravates the pollution of Wuliangsuhai. In addition, the urban domestic wastewater and industrial sewage discharged in the basin are also important causes of pollution in Wuliangsuhai Lake.