The origin of the name of fengmen

Regarding the origin of the name "Fengmen", the Northern Song Dynasty's Zhubian's "Continuing Wu Jun Tu Jing" thinks that it is actually called "Fengmen" and "named after the mountain". At the same time, this book thinks that it is only the dialect that says "Feng" as "Feng", so it is called "Fengmen".

Strangely, where did Feng Yushan outside Feng's door come from?

"Continued picturesque Wu Jun" also said: "The mountain closure originally belonged to Wu Jun, but now it belongs to Xing Wu".

Xing Wu is the ancient name of Huzhou, Zhejiang. In the second year of Wu Ganlu in the Three Kingdoms (AD 266), Sun Hao, the Lord of Wu, changed Wucheng County to Xing Wu County, with a jurisdiction equivalent to Huzhou City, Qiantang (now Hangzhou) and Yangxian County (now Yixing, Jiangsu). In the Sui Dynasty, it was renamed Huzhou because of its proximity to Taihu Lake, and Xing Wu was a county under the jurisdiction of Huzhou. Now there is Wuxing District in Huzhou.

Hu Sang, a researcher in Deqing County, Huzhou City, said that Fengshan and Yushan are actually in Sanhe Township, Deqing County today. Fengshan was renamed Fangfeng Mountain since the Tang Dynasty, because it is said that this area was once the settlement of Fangfeng tribe in primitive society. According to historical records, Fang Fengjia, also known as "Wang Mangjia" and "Wang Wangshi", is the ancestor of Wang today. When Dayu was in charge of water conservancy, he informed local governors to hold a meeting to discuss countermeasures. As a result, the boss of the Feng family was late and was killed by Dayu. The leader is a giant, three feet long. After he fell to the ground, his body occupied nine acres of land.

As for Yushan, it has been renamed Dashan, which is located two miles southeast of Fengshan. According to Wu Xingzhi, Yu Yu was stationed here when he took office, so it was called Yushan.

Some researchers also questioned the statement that Fengmen got its name from "Yu Feng". They feel that no matter whether these records and legends are accurate or not, and no matter how the administrative divisions have changed in history, it is unlikely that the door will be named after Yu Feng just because it is hundreds of kilometers away from Yu Feng. Wang Jian, a Suzhou scholar in the Republic of China, also thought: "Feng Yuzhi's theory is doubtful." . In the mid-Tang Dynasty, when Zhang Shoujie commented on Historical Records and Biography of Wu Zixu, he had another way of saying the name of Fenmen: "East Gate, wooden door, called (Left Fish Right House) Gate, now called Fenmen. The Vietnamese army opened the city gate to show its favor, and Zi Xu swung to Luocheng with Tao to open the city gate, and fish (Zuo Yu You Fu) entered with Tao, hence the name. " In other words, the original name of "Pink Door" is "Wooden Door".

Wu's downfall was mainly caused by the water army attacking from the eastern waterway ... According to historical records, when Wu Zixu was killed, it was indeed a portrayal of historical facts to let his followers gouge out his eyes and hang them in the east gate to watch the Vietnamese army destroy Wu.

Analysis, the Vietnamese army attacked General Wu, most likely with the help of a typhoon. At that time, the city wall was made of layers of soil, and its roots were soaked in water all day, so it was difficult to resist the impact of huge waves. As a result, it was washed away by the huge waves set off by the typhoon, and the Vietnamese army took advantage of it.

What is the tuna (left fish and right husband) that entered the city with the Vietnamese army? Gu, an exegetist and historian in the Southern Dynasties, thought they were finless porpoises after textual research.

According to animal experts, finless porpoise is an animal that lives in tropical to warm temperate waters, such as the western Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Sea of Japan and coastal areas of China. In China, it is distributed in Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea and Yangtze River. Among them, the Yangtze finless porpoise is the only freshwater subspecies of finless porpoise, which has lived on the earth for 25 million years. Their whole bodies are leaden or grayish white, their heads are blunt and round, and their foreheads lean forward slightly; The head is short, almost round, the snout is short and wide, the teeth are short and the eyes are not obvious. Only after death will their body color turn black. As a mammal, finless porpoises breathe with their lungs. Before the arrival of heavy wind and rain, due to the fog pressure on the river surface, they need to contact the water surface frequently to "breathe". In ancient times when there was no weather forecast, fishermen regarded finless porpoises as "river gods". As long as the finless porpoises surface against the wind, commonly known as "worshipping the wind", it means that there is a big storm coming, and fishermen are afraid to go out fishing these days.

What makes people wonder is that Suzhou City is dozens of kilometers away from the Yangtze River. Is it possible for finless porpoises to swim here? Zhou Guorong believes that there are a large number of ancient finless porpoises here, and at that time, Suzhou's waterways leading to the Yangtze River, such as Wusong River and Loujiang River, were very wide. It is entirely possible for finless porpoises to go upstream and then enter Sioux City through other rivers. But the literal meaning of dysprosium seems to indicate that dysprosium gate is named after dysprosium. The above-mentioned "Wu Jun Tu Jing Xu" puts forward this view while thinking that the dialect refers to "feng".

What exactly does this dysprosium mean? In the dictionary, fennel has two pronunciations. The first pronunciation is "feng", which means turnip, that is, kohlrabi as the saying goes; The second pronunciation is "Phoenix", which means the root of Zizania latifolia. Wu Jun's Painting Theory continues to believe that fenmen's fennel is related to water bamboo and water bamboo.

Zizania latifolia was called "Zizania latifolia" in ancient times, and its seeds were called Zizania latifolia or carved whiskers. Some people put it in "Liugu", which was cultivated as a food crop before the Tang Dynasty. Later, it was found that some water bamboo actually did not heading, but the stems kept expanding and gradually formed spindle-shaped fleshy stems, which are now called water bamboo. This vegetable not only tastes fresh and delicious, but also has medicinal value, which can relieve fever, hangover and diuresis. Since then, people have specially used water bamboo to produce water bamboo.

Ironically, some countries have introduced the seedlings of Zizania latifolia in China, but only flowers have no fleshy stems. Later, it was found that the soil there lacked a strain called smut. Then this kind of bacteria was introduced from China, which solved the problem.

It should be said that Zizania latifolia is widely distributed in China. If the name "Zizania latifolia" is related to Zizania latifolia, then why is this name only used in Suzhou, but not in other Zizania latifolia producing areas?

Bao Zhongzhou, a senior agronomist at Suzhou Vegetable Research Institute, believes that it is because Zizania latifolia is the most famous outside Suzhou. He said, historically, Lou fen, Xie Tang, Guo Xiang, Che Fang and other places outside Fenmen were low-lying and full of rotten fields, which were most suitable for the growth of aquatic crops such as Zizania latifolia. The water bamboo here is famous all over the country, with many varieties and good benefits. Taking the varieties as examples, there are two-season Zizania latifolia, two-season Zizania latifolia, small wax platform, medium wax platform, large wax platform, Mid-Autumn Zizania latifolia, Myrica rubra Zizania latifolia and Wujiang Zizania latifolia. Once ripe, there are green species, white species, social species, cold-headed species and other varieties; As far as the planting benefit is concerned, the double-season water chestnut planted in autumn in Suzhou is planted in August every year, and harvested once in June of 65438 and May-June of the following year, which adds up to 5500-8500 kg per mu. The output of 10 can reach this level, which is beyond comparison in other places. Moreover, the water bamboo listed in May and June is not easy to be eaten by insects, and its quality is first-class.

Bao Zhongzhou thinks that with these, Suzhou is the most qualified to take the name "Fenmen"! In the eyes of many foreigners and even locals, there is another place that "fengmen" is difficult to understand, and that is its pronunciation.

As mentioned earlier, "feng" or "feng" is pronounced in dictionaries, but it is pronounced as "fu" in old Suzhou, which is similar to the pronunciation of "fu" in Suzhou dialect. What the hell is going on here?

There is a saying that the old Suzhou people read it wrong and they spread it wrong. Fan Chengda in the Southern Song Dynasty said in Wu Junzhi: "Today's customs may be called the rich man by mistake".

Wang Mengyi, a reader who has studied Suzhou culture, thinks that the pronunciation of some place names in Suzhou is different from ordinary sounds, and they are not all fake names. There are two main situations: first, the pronunciation has changed, but some place names in Suzhou are still pronounced with ancient sounds, so they are different from today's sounds; Second, some place names have changed, but the habits of Suzhou people have not changed, and the names are still the same, which also causes differences in literal and pronunciation.

His point of view is that the finless porpoise in Suzhou is commonly known as "stubborn fish", and there was no lip and tooth sound in ancient times. The pronunciation of "stubborn" is very similar to that of "fu". What Suzhou people call the "Fu (Fu) Gate" is actually the "stubborn gate" or the "Bi Gate" mentioned above. Later, "Yaomen" and "Mu Men" were renamed as "Fengmen" and "Fenmen", but Suzhou people still called them "Fu (Fu) Men" according to the old habits of the Spring and Autumn Period, which is not a misunderstanding.

There are also old Suzhou people who think that if it is pronounced "closed", it sounds like the door will be closed. In history, Fenmen was indeed closed several times, causing people to go in and out in circles, which was very troublesome. Therefore, everyone is very taboo to read "closed door" and read "husband (rich) door" instead. There are many circumstantial evidences of this situation in Suzhou dialect. For example, people in old Suzhou are forbidden to say "death", and reading words with the same or similar pronunciation will change their pronunciation, such as reading "corpse" and "poem" as "book".

He Jianzhi, a researcher at Suzhou Wudu Society, believes that the closure of the door was once called "closed door". The original intention of this "closing the door" is to pray for a bumper harvest in agriculture, sideline, fishery and animal husbandry, which is similar to the meaning of "wealth". Therefore, in ancient times, when a family was rich, it was said that "the family was sealed", and The Book of Songs Zhou Song Huan also said: "Sui Wanbang (meaning to appease all localities) and Lou Fengnian (a work called" Years of Repeated Riches "). He Jianzhi thinks that the Book of Songs is about Suzhou Building and the second door of pink, and reading pink as "the door of wealth" is based on its original intention-wealth.