There is lightning in the clouds in Beijing. How is lightning formed?

On the evening of August 2, many districts in Beijing, such as Chaoyang, Fangshan, Yanqing and Changping, issued yellow lightning warnings. Huge lightning appeared in the clouds over some areas, and the lightning pierced the clouds directly, which was thrilling and spectacular, just like magic stunts. Many people joked that which love rat was cursing again? So do you know how lightning is formed? This is because the strong updraft in the cumulonimbus cloud cannot continue to rise after reaching the tropopause, but is influenced by the strong horizontal airflow at the tropopause (below the stratosphere) and then quickly spreads around. Blocked by the tropopause and high-altitude wind shear, the cloud top is anvil-shaped, forming a cloud anvil. That is to say, when you see the top of thunderstorm cloud expanding into a typical anvil shape, it is located at the junction of troposphere and stratosphere. Because the tropopause temperature is very low, the condensed water vapor in the updraft forms an ice crystal structure, and the ice crystals diffuse with the wind, so the cloud anvil generally looks white and transparent.

Some netizens photographed the bright red-gray clouds at the top, because the cumulonimbus clouds expanded into ice crystals at the top of the anvil shape, and the sunset showed fantastic colors through the ice crystals, which made people feel like walking in an oil painting. So, this is not the treasure that drives Cai Yun to marry you, but the cloud anvil that just met the sunset. Thunderstorm anvil is the top of cumulonimbus cloud and develops strongly. Cumulonimbus clouds and thunderstorms are dangerous weather that affects flight safety. There is a saying in the movie. Wearing a thunder raincoat means throwing the plane into the blender? , describes the danger properly.

Lightning is a familiar and unfamiliar weather phenomenon. Generally speaking, the airflow is mainly in the horizontal direction, and the vertical wind speed is about cm/s. In summer, the outline is as clear as a cotton candy cloud. Under appropriate conditions, its vertical wind speed exceeds 10 meter per second, which can form a cumulonimbus cloud with a height reaching the tropopause, resulting in strong weather phenomena such as strong wind, heavy rain, hail and lightning. This kind of cumulonimbus cloud reaches a certain height and can produce lightning, which is called thunderstorm cloud. Lightning occurs when the electric field between the positive and negative charge layers in a thunderstorm cloud is strong enough. Lightning expands its passage like a tree. Root?

Most lightning occurs, develops and disappears in the clouds. There is also a part of lightning, and the downward pilot channel reaches the ground, forming cloud lightning. This cloud lightning is also the main object of lightning protection.