Is the weather in Hangzhou back again?

The equipment for participating in various adventure tours and outdoor activities mainly includes:

Tents, backpacks, sleeping bags, moisture-proof mats or air cushions, climbing ropes, rock nails, safety belts, risers, descenders, large and small iron locks, lassos, ice picks, rock hammers, small ice picks, ice claws, snow poles, helmets, snowmobiles, alpine glasses, down jackets, windproof clothes, woolen clothes, gloves, alpine boots, socks, etc.

Complete handbook of backpack selection

Backpack is the most indispensable thing for mountaineering, camping and outing. A good backpack not only makes people refreshed and energetic, but more importantly, it can hold a lot of things, free hands, keep balance and make travel safer and more comfortable. However, it is not so easy to find the one that suits you among all kinds of backpacks. Establishing some concepts about backpacks in your mind can make you embark on the journey safely and comfortably.

First of all, the fabric of the backpack-not just the "face"

At present, the commonly used materials for backpacks are "nylon" and "Cordura". Although canvas is wear-resistant, it is rarely used because it is easy to get wet, difficult to dry when wet and heavy. Nylon cloth has light weight, no moisture absorption and mildew, fast drying and good strength; The disadvantage is that it is not wear-resistant and afraid of fire. Cordura cloth is also a kind of synthetic nylon cloth, but its wear resistance and strength are better than that of nylon, and it also has no moisture absorption, no mildew, no adhesion to snowflakes and quick drying, but it is slightly heavier than nylon.

Second, capacity-not just how many things can be loaded.

Capacity is an important factor in choosing a backpack: the capacity is not enough, and hanging things outside is cumbersome and easy to lose; If the capacity is too large, the backpack will not be strong when packing, and the equipment in the bag will affect the balance when moving. Therefore, the selection of backpack capacity must first establish a personal equipment list.

Some equipment such as raincoats, warm clothes, sleeping bags, etc. During the climbing process, it is an object that does not decrease with time, and its size and weight are relatively stable. Food and fuel are consumables, which decrease with the increase of activity time. The number of these items has a great influence on the capacity of the backpack.

At present, some backpacks are designed with "elastic capacity". Even after a few days of activities, the backpack can still be played steadily, suitable for different activities. Generally speaking, small and medium-sized backpacks don't need this design, and no one has designed it like this. If you want to change its capacity, you can adjust it by installing side pockets or adjusting compression side straps.

Third, the backpack system-the skeleton of the backpack

The backpack carrying system cannot completely solve the weight problem of the backpack. Its main function is to distribute the weight to all parts of the body reasonably and avoid concentrating the weight on the shoulders. In addition, it also provides the adjustment of carrying the center of gravity to increase the balance and safety in action. Large and medium-sized backpacks usually form a backpack system with the back frame as the center. The back frame is divided into two types: outer frame and inner frame.

Outer frame backpack

The outboard backpack is fixed on a hard frame (aluminum alloy is the most common), with taut nylon shoulder straps and hip fixing straps. This kind of backpack has a high center of gravity, about at or above the shoulders. Although the high center of gravity design is not suitable for occasions requiring high balance, it will be more comfortable to carry on flat roads. This kind of backpack is also easy to install and carry, and the weight can be borne by shoulders and hips. Because the backpack outside the frame is carried by a shelf, the back is well ventilated.

The frame will become very inconvenient in some cases: for example, when drilling in dense forests and bamboo groves, the backpack is easily hooked and stuck; When climbing a mountain or skiing, it is easy to suddenly shift your center of gravity and lose your balance. In short, the outboard backpack is more suitable for long-distance flat roads.

Inner frame backpack

The center of gravity of the inner frame backpack is slightly lower, which can be adjusted between shoulder and hip. Suitable for mountaineering occasions that need to keep balance, and can prevent the backpack from shaking at shoulder height.

Fourth, the choice of backpacks-varies from person to person, according to local conditions.

The adjustment range of the shoulder strap must be consistent with the length of the back, so that the center of gravity can fall in the ideal position; The hip belt must be able to be tied to the hip bone. When carrying a backpack, you should also be able to see your hips and legs from behind. Petite women should pay special attention to this. When carrying a backpack, don't just see the backpack and calf from the back. This is very wrong and dangerous.

Before buying a backpack, you should loosen all the adjustment belts and add weight. Because there is no weight, you can't know whether the backpack's carrying feeling and adjustment range are appropriate. After carrying a backpack, check whether the radian of the aluminum strip is consistent with the curve of the back. If not, check whether the aluminum strip can be bent. If it can be bent, the aluminum strip will naturally bend to conform to the curve of the back after a period of use. The joint between the shoulder strap and the backpack should be 5-8 cm lower than the shoulder, and the gap between the shoulder strap and the backpack should be small. The chest strap can adjust the width of the shoulder strap on the chest to make the shoulder strap in a more comfortable position and prevent the backpack from shaking. Being good at using these adjustment belts and filling skills can adjust the weight between shoulders and hips and let different muscle parts share the weight.

How to check the line of sight of the head when the backpack is adjusted to the most suitable position? Can you look up without touching the top of your backpack? Can you still look up at the sky with your helmet on? Is the contact area between backpack and back comfortable and breathable? Special attention should also be paid to the width and quality of shoulder straps and hip straps.

In addition, there are some details to pay attention to:

Whether there is a double-layer base fabric design, this feature can greatly extend the life of the backpack.

Whether there are tow rings and ice axe rings. Whether the backpack has elastic capacity when traveling for a long time and walking for many days. Is there a design of compression side strap, which can tighten the backpack with less equipment, reduce the capacity of the backpack, and prevent the equipment in the backpack from shifting and shaking, which will affect the travel balance?

Is there a design that is convenient for carrying crampons, sledges, snowshoes and trekking poles?

Whether there are detachable side pockets, this function can increase the flexibility of backpack capacity.

Whether the backpack has a chest strap design can prevent the backpack from moving in difficult and harsh terrain.

If the backpack is used for mountaineering or dense forests, you should choose a backpack with a smooth shape to avoid being entangled by branches or rocks.

Backpack materials should be strong and wear-resistant to meet the needs of outdoor activities.

Will the zipper of the backpack be directly stressed? If it will be directly stressed, what is its stress limit? If the zipper is broken, can the backpack still be used

Five, backpack loading-great pressure

Poor packaging of backpacks will affect the convenience and comfort of use, or cause the center of gravity to shift and the backpack to be damaged. Therefore, in addition to classifying all kinds of items according to their uses, we should also pay attention to two points when loading backpacks: first, the balance between left and right is stable; The second is convenient access.

The following are the filling principles:

1, the heavier items should be placed in the middle and upper part, as close as possible to the back, so that the center of gravity can be close to the back to avoid the feeling of being pulled back. Articles with large volume and light weight can be placed at the bottom without affecting the center of gravity; In addition, because the heavy objects are pressed on it, the backpack will be more compact after being used for a period of time.

2. Don't put hard objects on your back, otherwise if it is an internal backpack, it will be uncomfortable to push it directly on your back, and even fall down and hurt your back; If it is a backpack with an outer frame, it is easy to put on the backpack cloth because there is only a layer of backpack cloth between the hard object and the back frame.

3. The weight of the items placed on the left and right sides of the backpack should be similar, so as to avoid tilting the center of gravity to one side. Raincoats, drinking water and things for the day should be placed on the top or in the most accessible place.

4. There is a concept of sorting bags for articles: put similar articles or articles used at the same time in the same bag for easy access, especially scattered small things.

5, develop the habit of fixed-point placement: not only can you organize your backpack faster, but you can also find what you want in your backpack even in the dark.

6, try to change the loading mode, try to reduce unnecessary backpack hanging, because this not only affects the safety of action but also is not beautiful.

Sixth, the upper shoulder and the lower shoulder of the backpack-pay attention to the situation.

The upper and lower shoulders of a backpack are the basic movements of using a big backpack. The commonly used methods of lifting shoulders are: standing with both feet lunged, holding the shoulder strap with both hands, and lifting the backpack to the front leg and thigh. First, one hand passes through the shoulder strap to support the backpack with one shoulder, and then the other hand quickly passes through the shoulder strap on the other side to complete the shoulder lifting action of the backpack.

Another common way to carry the shoulder is to drag the backpack to a higher place, so that people can put their hands into the shoulder straps at the same time as long as they squat down a little, and then finish the shoulder lifting action after standing up. Don't rush forward after completing the shoulder movement, properly adjust the various adjustment belts of the backpack to advance in the most comfortable carrying state. The lower shoulder of the backpack moves in reverse. When you put down your backpack, you should put it down gently. A heavy fall can easily damage the backpack.

The second way to lift the shoulders is not only labor-saving, but also a short rest without putting down the backpack. We often put our big backpacks on the higher side of the road when we have a rest halfway. So as to get on and off the bus or not put down the backpack.

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Introduction of tent types and accessories

At present, there are tents of different shapes and shapes in the market. According to the functional requirements and the ability to cope with the external environment, different materials will be used for fabrics and camp columns to achieve the design purpose. Let's briefly introduce the tent's appearance, cloth and camp columns and other information related to the tent.

What a tent looks like.

Generally, it does not exceed Type A tent [house tent], improved Type A tent, dome tent [yurt], geometric arc tent, Indian pyramid tent and tunnel tent. In addition, there is a special tent for personal use, that is, sleeping tent [or sleeping bag].

Type A tent [house tent] is one of the traditional tents. It looks like a house with eaves that we used to live in, so it is also called a house tent in Taiwan Province Province, just like building a house and laying a foundation. A tent must be fixed on the ground with camp nails, then supported by hard camp posts and fixed with ropes, so that a house tent can be built. The advantage of a house account is that it is cheap and easy to use. Disadvantages are relatively heavy overall weight, small internal use space and insufficient stability in bad weather.

Because of the shortcomings of A-type account, outdoor leisure people are inconvenient, tent manufacturers have introduced improved A-type account in view of these shortcomings. The fixed camp column is changed into elastic camp column, which increases the space inside the tent; Some tents have cooking porches, and even tents can be set up without camp nails. But the stability is still not as good as the dome tent.

Dome tent [yurt type] is the most popular and popular tent form at present. Its biggest feature is the arc curve. Each elastic camp post with the same length is connected by an elastic rope core, and then the camp post is bent, and the tent is propped up by the tension of the camp post itself. From the point of view of floor cloth, the tent is in equilateral geometry.

At the same time, the tension formed by the intersection of the camp and the column is used to resist the strong wind from all directions. This design allows the dome tent to be built independently without camp nails, so there is also a name called "independent tent". Its advantages are large internal use space, independent support of the internal tent, no tent rope, easy coverage and high stability; The disadvantage is that the weight is heavier than the geometric arc tent, and the stable type is not as good as the geometric arc tent.

The characteristic of geometric arc tent is that it can stand freely and move the tent position according to the wind direction. The connection mode of the camp column is the same as that of the dome, and the camp and the camp column are made of light materials. The exterior design can resist the extremely harsh weather environment, so it is almost always used in high-altitude mountainous areas or cold polar regions.

Its advantage is that it creates the largest internal space with the lightest materials and structures, and it can still be stable in bad weather, making it the best choice for mountain climbing at high altitude. The disadvantage is that the camp column is fragile, once damaged, it can hardly be repaired, so it must be replaced with a new one, which is expensive and the internal space of some tents is small.

Indian pyramid tent is the simplest tent, supported by a single camp column, without a bottom layer, which is simple to build and more suitable for ideal weather conditions. Once it rains or blows, there will be more accidents. Besides being easy to build, it is light and easy to carry, and even the camping pole can be used as a crutch.

Tunnel tents are not often used. Campposts are usually semi-circular to support the tent inside. The campposts themselves are not crossed, so the tent can only be built with ropes. The interior space is spacious, suitable for many people to use or build a base camp. Disadvantages are heavy weight, inconvenient to carry, unable to resist crosswind, unable to support snow and strong wind.

Specifications and dimensions of tents

Manufacturers are generally divided into one-person accounts, two-person accounts, four-person accounts, five-person accounts, six-person accounts and eight-person accounts according to the number of users. Of course, there are tents that can accommodate more people, but we mainly use the most commonly used ones at present. Tents with more than eight people are bulky and heavy, so there are fewer opportunities to use them. In addition to the tents with normal specifications, there are also special single sleeping accounts, which will not be introduced in detail here. We can choose a tent of suitable size according to the classification of manufacturers, and of course we still have to decide the appropriate size according to our personal needs.

weight

Generally, tents for family camping are heavier than those for mountain climbing. If you want to engage in mountaineering activities, the weight of the tent is a very important consideration, because this tent is your home in the wild and an important equipment for our outdoor activities. If you can't carry it on your back, where will you sleep? Tents suitable for mountain climbing are usually made of high-tech materials, which are light in weight and suitable for outdoor activities with high mobility, but the price is higher; Camping tents are usually made of heavy materials and are not suitable for carrying around. Generally, it is carried by car, and it is relatively cheap to set up after reaching a fixed point, so the conditions of use should be considered when choosing a tent.

colour

You can choose your favorite color according to your personal preference, but if you want to reduce the impact on the natural environment, low-brightness green and brown are good choices. In addition to looking bright, tents with high brightness and color have another advantage: they are easy to search, and you can find conspicuous targets in the vast natural environment.

In addition, the color of the tent will affect the light and temperature in the tent. A tent with high brightness has higher light transmittance and higher thermal conductivity. A tent with low brightness will have poor light transmission, and it will also block some natural heat sources provided by the sun, which will affect the activities of individuals in the tent, especially when the outside weather is bad.

Zhu ying

At present, the materials of camping columns are glass fiber, aluminum alloy and carbon fiber. Tubular glass fiber camping post is the most commonly used camping post at present. It can be folded, combined with elastic rope, and aluminum alloy is added to the head and tail of each camp column to increase strength, which is a little soft and elastic, but it is easy to cause the camp column to break in low temperature environment, and once the camp column breaks, it cannot achieve the supporting effect.

Aluminum alloy camping poles are also very popular in the market. They are combined in the same way as glass fiber and have the same weight as glass fiber, but they have good strength and durability and still have good support in low temperature environment. However, if the camp pillar is broken or damaged, it is difficult to repair it, so you must take a spare camp pillar just in case.

The lightweight and durability of carbon fiber camp columns are the best among the existing camp columns, and the performance is still excellent in low temperature environment, but the price is also the most expensive among all camp columns.

porch

Generally speaking, we don't recommend cooking in a tent, because the cloth in the tent is flammable and will burn quickly when it touches a fire, but what if it rains outside? You can't cook in the rain! Therefore, cooking tents will be designed on the porches of some camping tents, and the space is large or small, mostly based on weight considerations. Some tents will be designed with a porch that can shelter from the rain at the entrance and exit. On the one hand, they can cook, on the other hand, they can also put personal equipment such as backpacks and shoes to avoid getting wet by the rain, and even under efficient utilization, they can have more living space for one person.

cloth

Tents are generally made of waterproof nylon cloth to resist the infiltration of rain. Tents with good waterproof performance will stick waterproof glue on the seams to increase waterproof performance. The fabric of the main account or the inner account is not as waterproof as the outer account, but it will have good air permeability. The floor cloth of a tent, like the outer tent, should be able to prevent moisture from infiltrating from the surface, so the waterproof performance of the floor cloth is very necessary, so we must pay attention to it when choosing it.

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Choice of sleeping bag

Sleeping bags are essential equipment for camping and outdoor travel. There are many kinds of sleeping bags, which are suitable for different purposes and have their own characteristics. How should outdoor sports enthusiasts choose? According to different uses, sleeping bags are generally divided into two categories. One kind of sleeping bag is thinner and is used for general travel or camping. Most of these sleeping bags are used in spring, summer and autumn. There is also a sleeping bag that is used in a relatively cold environment, even for some adventure activities. This kind of sleeping bag is generally called professional sleeping bag. Ordinary sleeping bags are relatively cheap and widely used. Professional sleeping bags are exquisite in design and materials, and the price is relatively high, but it is impossible to go camping or travel at high altitude in winter without professional sleeping bags.

The different uses of sleeping bags determine the different insulation materials and manufacturing processes of sleeping bags. The difference between the grade and function of sleeping bags mainly lies in the use of different fabrics and insulation layers. Low-grade ordinary sleeping bags on the market are made of ordinary nylon yarn, and the insulation layer is mostly synthetic acrylic cotton. These sleeping bags have poor thermal insulation and can only be used in the environment of about 20c, with heavy weight and poor compressibility. High-quality ordinary sleeping bags are much stricter in materials. The sleeping bags of Ozavk series "Dream" and "Climber" are made of nylon with certain ventilation function, and the insulation layer is made of high-grade microfiber cotton. High-quality materials make these sleeping bags excellent in warmth, weight and volume.

It should be added here that any sleeping bag has a suitable temperature range, that is, different sleeping bags have their own "temperature scale". The general temperature scale consists of three data, one is the lowest temperature: it refers to the lowest limit temperature of sleeping bags, below which it is dangerous for users. There is also an intermediate temperature; Refers to the most comfortable ideal temperature for sleeping bags.

The maximum temperature refers to the upper limit of the temperature range, beyond which the user will be unbearable hot. Generally speaking, sleeping bags originated in Europe and America are not suitable for Asians on the temperature scale, because Europeans have higher cold resistance than Asians, so we should pay special attention when choosing them. There have been cases where the minimum temperature of thermometer was marked as -20c, but it was -5c in actual use, which was unbearable for users. Of course, sleeping bags like Osoka are specially designed for the China market. The temperature standard will not be a problem.

In recent years, many advanced man-made fiber materials have been widely used in the insulation layer of sleeping bags. Some special materials, such as DuPont's seven-hole or four-hole cotton, 3M's Thisutale cotton, and Herst-Celanese's Polargucrd cotton, are mostly hollow fiber cotton, which is not at the same level as ordinary chemical fiber cotton in quality and heat preservation. More and more ordinary sleeping bags and military professional sleeping bags began to use the above materials. Although many man-made fiber manufacturers claim that their materials have surpassed down in the comprehensive data of weight and thermal insulation, in fact, this is far from it. Real professional sleeping bags, especially high-quality adventure sleeping bags, are inseparable from down. Generally speaking, the cashmere content of professional sleeping bags should be above 80%, and the cashmere content of ordinary down sleeping bags should not be lower than 70%, otherwise it will not meet the requirements in compressibility, weight and warmth retention. Two kinds of sleeping bags in Ozaqvk professional series have cashmere filling amount of 800g 1000g respectively, and the cashmere content is higher than 85%. The minimum temperature standards are-10c and-15c respectively, which are more suitable for camping in winter. For example, the professional sleeping bag used by the Tibetan mountaineering team when conquering Nanga Parbat Peak, which is known as the ogre, is filled with 2000g wool and contains 85% grey goose down, which is enough to resist the cold of -35℃. The type of down and the looseness of the canopy are also a factor. Generally speaking, goose down is better than duck down. The fabric of the sleeping bag should have a little waterproof function to prevent the sleeping bag from being wet by dew or water mist condensed in the tent, which will affect the warm-keeping effect.

Of course, air permeability is relatively more important, otherwise it will be very uncomfortable. Some brands of sleeping bags are made of special waterproof and breathable materials.

Sleeping bags are mainly mummified in design style. This design has a headdress, big and small, which conforms to the shape of the human body. The side of the sleeping bag is equipped with a zipper, which is convenient to take and keep warm. In addition, there is an envelope sleeping bag, which is not only comfortable to use, but also can be used as a quilt with all zippers open, both outdoors and at home. Professional sleeping bags are mummified, and considering that people's feet are most vulnerable to cold when sleeping, the lower part of the sleeping bag is particularly thickened, and some styles are also designed with thickened foot pads. The head of the sleeping bag can be tightened to prevent cold air from blowing in. It is particularly worth mentioning that in recent years, all advanced professional sleeping bags have adopted vertical lining design, and the inner and outer fabrics of sleeping bags are directly sewn together. This design can better prevent the down from moving in the insulation space of the sleeping bag and make the down distribution more uniform. There are many kinds of sleeping bags, but when choosing sleeping bags, like other outdoor products, it is not the most expensive and advanced one you should choose. Only what suits you best and matches your outdoor activities is the best.

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How to choose moisture-proof pad

Moisture-proof pad has three core functions: comfort, warmth and moisture-proof. Comfort is to let you have a soft sleeping pad in the rugged Shan Ye; Keeping warm is to isolate the human body from the cold ground, reduce the heat loss of the human body and prevent cold air from invading the ground; Moisture-proof is to isolate the ground moisture.

In addition, floor mats can also be used as leisure mats, picnic mats, inflatable waterbeds and other purposes.

Main types of moisture-proof mats:

airbed

Automatic inflatable cushion

Semi-closed air chamber moisture-proof pad

Moisture-proof pad for closed air chamber

Floor mat

Air mattress: its advantages are large thickness, up to 8 to 12CM, good moisture-proof effect, comfort and cheapness, and it can also be used on water; The disadvantage is that it is generally biased and needs to be inflated with a pump or blown with the mouth. Not suitable for backpacking and long-distance travel, but more suitable for driving.

Self-inflating cushion: the inner part is expanded fiber, and the outer layer is nylon cloth or Oxford cloth, and the waterproof coating is thickened. After inflation, the thickness is 2 to 3CM, and the length and width are about 180CM and 52CM respectively. If there is a valve, open the valve, the expanded fiber will automatically expand, suck in air, and close the valve to use. When folding, open the valve first, then roll it up and squeeze it, and the air will be exhausted. The first inflation takes more than 30 minutes, and it can be filled within 10 minutes after use.

There are many kinds of processing techniques for self-inflating cushions, some of which are completely separated and the inner and outer layers are not fixed. This kind of cushion is very cheap, about 100 yuan, but it is uncomfortable to use because both the inner and outer layers have slipped off. Fixed points, with multiple fixed points between the inner layer and the outer layer; There is a full thermal composite type, and the inner and outer layers are completely bonded by thermal composite technology. This kind of cushion works best, but it is expensive. Sanfu's CAMP-A-REST and THERM-A-REST are all-thermal compound, the former is made in China and the latter is imported from the United States. CASCADE Design Company's product prices are 360 yuan and 980 yuan respectively.

Semi-closed air chamber moisture-proof pad: semi-closed foaming process, the product is similar to sponge, soft and comfortable, but it has strong water absorption, and is mostly used for leisure activities and family use, but less used outdoors.

Closed air chamber moisture-proof cushion: closed foaming process, the cushion is composed of a large number of tiny closed air chambers. The thickness is 0.8 to 2 cm, the length is 170-200 cm, and the width is 50 to 56 cm. Advantages: low price, good insulation, good wear resistance and good moisture-proof effect; Disadvantages: slightly hard. The foaming process is divided into physical foaming and chemical foaming. The former has no peculiar smell, good density and wear resistance, better waterproof and moisture-proof effect, long service life and high price. For example, Sanfu's two physical mats are 60 yuan and 80 yuan. The latter has low density, low strength and certain water absorption, and the new product has a certain smell. Please open it in the open air 1 and 2 hours before use to remove odor. Chemical foam mats are cheap, ranging from 20 yuan to 50 yuan.

Among the foam moisture regain pads sold by Sanfu Company, all are closed air chamber moisture-proof pads, of which single-layer moisture-proof pads and wave-type moisture-proof pads are chemical foaming processes, and the other two are physical foaming processes.

Floor mat: Generally, the floor mat is a thin foam composite silver-aluminum film with a thickness of only about half a centimeter. The floor mat is clean and sanitary, moisture-proof and warm. Because of its thin thickness, the comfortable anti-wrinkle effect is not as good as that of the moisture-proof pad. The width of the summer sleeping mat is generally 1 m to 2 m, which is suitable for many people to use, for laying in tents, and for picnicking and resting alone.

The material of the floor cloth is generally 2 10D or 420D Oxford cloth with coating, which is mainly used as the tent floor cloth to protect the bottom of the tent and help prevent moisture. It can also be used as a picnic mat, cushion, awning or rain cover for tents. Generally, it is about the same size as the tent bottom, 2m× 1.5m or 2m× 2m.

Selection and maintenance of moisture-proof pad

If you are engaged in outdoor activities in harsh environment, moisture-proof mats are very important. If a good sleeping bag has no moisture-proof pad, its warmth will be greatly reduced. Therefore, in boarding activities, physical foaming high-density moisture-proof mats or high-quality self-inflating mats are often selected.

In ordinary outdoor activities, if the camping ground is grass or beach, all kinds of moisture-proof mats and mats can cope; If it is a rugged mountain area, it is best to choose a thicker moistureproof pad. If the load is not a problem, you can put a mat in the tent first, and then use a damp-proof mat, which has excellent effect. In rainy days, the bottom of the tent is easy to get muddy water, and the floor mat can have a good sanitation and cleaning effect because of its large area.

Other considerations are volume and weight. The self-inflating cushion has the smallest volume after being folded in half, with a diameter of about 1 1 cm, a length of about 28 cm, and a weight ranging from 700 grams to 1000 grams. Single-layer moisture-proof mats and mats are the lightest, about 300 to 400 grams. Generally, the weight of a thick moistureproof pad is between 400 and 550g.

Moisture-proof pad should be kept dry and clean, and it should be dried in time if it is wet; Chemical foaming moisture-proof mat has a certain smell. Before use, remove the plastic packaging film on the surface and leave it in the open air for 1 and 2 hours to remove the odor. The best protection of moisture-proof mat is Oxford cloth packaging jacket. When camping crossing, the moisture-proof mat is often hung outside the backpack, which is easy to be scratched by shrubs and rocks. Oxford cloth jacket has a good protective effect. Practice has proved that the service life of moisture-proof mat is only 5 to 8 times without coating protection, and the service time can be doubled after coating. Sanfu company has various specifications of moisture-proof cushion coats for sale.

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Clothing recommendation

1, regardless of spring, summer, autumn and winter, I will bring a professional hiking coat. Its unique base and coating make it windproof, waterproof, breathable and particularly durable. When it's cold, it's windproof, and it's folded in a bag as a raincoat in summer. As a coat, it is the best choice, especially in harsh environment. Only hiking jackets are more expensive (genuine products range from 1500-2500 yuan, and brands include GORE-TEX, THE NORTHFACE, OZARK, etc. ).

The above brands also have popular windbreakers, which are of good quality and much cheaper. They are also windproof, waterproof and breathable, but the coating is thin, the durability is slightly poor, and the functionality of the clothes is poor. This is a coat.

2, the best choice for the warm layer is down jacket, but pay attention to it when choosing, pinch it with your hand to see if it is soft. I usually wear a down jacket under my coat, so the lighter the fabric, the smaller it can be folded (it takes up a small volume in my backpack). I chose an Ozark down jacket, which is very thin and soft, with good down, and can be folded into a small size after the air is exhausted. Fleece sweater is also a good warm clothing, which can be used with coat chain, which is very convenient. I also brought a windproof vest (windproof layer on one side and plush on the other) to increase the warmth.

3. Please don't choose cotton underwear. If you are active in cold places, cotton underwear is a killer. Therefore, you must choose professional sweat-wicking underwear, and try to choose close-fitting clothes with good sweat-wicking function even in warm seasons. I like to wear tennis shirts when traveling in summer. It has good perspiration function and good style.

4, pants I like to wear a pair of Nike training pants outside, windproof, waterproof and breathable (of course, the performance is not as good as pants), but the outside of the two trouser legs is fully zipped, so you don't have to take off your shoes, sit down or even take off your backpack when it is very hot. Wool-catching pants are used as warm pants, and there is also a pair of tight pants with excellent perspiration function. I try not to wear shorts when traveling in summer, especially where there is water.

5. Hat: You must wear a hat when you go to a cold place, because more than 50% of the body's heat is lost from the head and neck. The duckbill hat doesn't work well in cold and windy places. I'm wearing a hat with fur and ear protection. I can loosen the rope and use it as a scarf. It is a good choice to wear a duckbill hat in a warm place.

6. Gloves: My player has three elements, 1, to keep warm; 2, windproof and waterproof; 3. Wear resistance. I use NIKKO's wrist-adjustable gloves with snow-proof lining, which can also prevent the wind from flowing backwards. NIKKO's big stuff doesn't work, but gadgets like gloves are still good. Don't spend a lot of money on genuine leather, it hurts when worn out. If you want to go to the snowy mountain, you need duck down gloves.

7. Shoes: What shoes to wear when going out depends on road conditions, seasons and hiking time. The more rugged the place, the harder the sole is, and it must be high-top, so as to protect the feet. Wearing soft-soled low-cut sneakers and walking on rugged mountain roads can only make your feet weak at the end of the day and easily sprain your ankles. Soft-soled sports shoes are light and flexible to wear, which can obtain good explosive power and make many technical moves, but they are usually only suitable for one or two hours of exercise; Hard-soled shoes are bulky and not very explosive, but they can effectively protect your feet and make you walk for a day without being sour. do