Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather inquiry - I would like to ask about the technology of planting sweet potatoes in Nanle area.
I would like to ask about the technology of planting sweet potatoes in Nanle area.
First, the requirements of sweet potato growth on the environment
1. Temperature: Sweet potato is a thermophilic crop, which needs high temperature in the whole growth period and is extremely sensitive to low temperature frost. The lowest rooting temperature of potato seedlings is 65438 05℃, but the rooting is slow. Hair roots are normal at 17- 18℃. The higher the temperature, the faster the rooting and the more roots. The suitable temperature for stem and leaf growth is between 18-35℃, and the higher the temperature, the faster the stem and leaf growth. When the temperature is lower than 15℃, the stem and leaf stop growing; If the temperature below 10℃ lasts for a long time or there is frost, the aboveground part will be frozen or frozen to death.
2. Illumination: Sweet potato is a short-day crop that likes light. Sufficient light can increase the intensity of photosynthesis and increase the accumulation of dry matter, which is beneficial to improve the yield. Sweet potato is not tolerant to shade, and it needs sunny days during root swelling. In case of continuous rain and insufficient light, the yield and dry rate of root tuber will decrease.
3. Moisture: The water utilization rate of sweet potato is high, and the transpiration coefficient is between 300 and 500. The suitable soil water content in the growing period is 60-80% of the maximum water capacity. Soil drought (50% low water holding capacity) and poor growth of stems and leaves are not conducive to the expansion of root tuber; However, if the soil moisture content is too high (water holding capacity is higher than 90%), the soil permeability is poor, which is easy to make the stems and leaves white and long, which is not conducive to the formation and expansion of tuberous roots, thus reducing the yield and quality. Soil moisture is saturated for a long time, and the root tuber will rot due to lack of oxygen breathing.
Second, the northern sweet potato cultivation techniques
According to the above conditions of sweet potato growth and development, through scientific and reasonable layout and technical treatment, the environmental conditions of sweet potato growth and development in Heilongjiang Province can be met, so that sweet potato planting in Heilongjiang Province can be successful.
1. Variety selection: Due to the short frost-free period and the short growth period suitable for sweet potato growth in Heilongjiang Province, the outdoor days suitable for sweet potato growth in northern Heilongjiang Province are about 90 days. Therefore, it is best to choose varieties with short growth period, early maturity and strong cold tolerance. Select early-maturing and high-quality varieties, such as Jiedujing 553, Nong Xin 1, Xinong 43 1, etc.
2. Seedling raising: The quality of seedling raising technology is the key to the success of sweet potato cultivation in Heilongjiang Province. Heilongjiang province should adopt two-stage seedling raising method of sweet potato: greenhouse seedling raising and greenhouse seedling raising.
(1) Seedling raising in greenhouse:
A. Seedling raising time: the seedling raising time should be as early as possible, generally starting from June 5438+ 10, so as to realize multi-crop seedling raising, expand the seedling base and reduce the seedling raising cost. Seedling raising time should not be later than March.
B. Seedling raising technology: The seedbed should be 1.0- 1.2m wide, and the length depends on the number of species used. Planting an acre of sweet potato requires 667/(0.3*0.6)=3705 (plants), and one crop of seedlings requires 10 kg, which is 3.0 kg if two crops of seedlings are implemented. The best soil for seedling raising is sandy loam. Put the seed potatoes evenly on the seedbed, leaving a gap of 3.0cm between the seed potatoes, and then cover the seed potatoes with a thin layer of loose soil. Pay attention to watering frequently, once every 3-5 days. The temperature of the nursery should be controlled between 20-22℃. When the potato seedlings grow to about 30 cm, the first crop can be cut off and the second crop can be cultivated. Specifically, the cut potato seedlings are cut into small sections of about 7cm (each section has at least 2 stem nodes), and then each small section is transplanted to the seedbed of 10* 10cm for second cropping. Pay attention to leave a node on the ground, water it frequently and keep the seedlings. In order to cultivate strong seedlings, when potato seedlings grow to three leaves, micro-fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and amino acids with the concentration of11000 are sprayed every10 day.
(2) Cultivation of strong seedlings in greenhouse: transplanting potato seedlings in greenhouse in late April. The transplanting method is the same as the second seedling raising method in greenhouse, and it is best to transplant it into a nutrition bowl, which is convenient for field transplantation and does not delay growth. Note that the temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled at 18-22℃, which is conducive to cultivating strong seedlings. The seedlings were exercised one week before they were transplanted into the field.
3. Transplanting: When the outdoor temperature is stable above 65438 02℃ at the end of May and the beginning of June, the cultivated potato seedlings can be transplanted into the field. Apply decomposed farmyard manure 1.500 kg, diammonium 20 kg, potassium chloride 1.5 kg as base fertilizer, ridging and film mulching. Transplanting with 30×60 cm soil, and pouring enough planting water.
4. On-site management:
(1) Water and fertilizer, and water it adequately when planting. After about 20 days, in case of drought, water along the ditch. Pay attention to drainage during flood season. Sweet potato needs a large amount of fertilizer, and fertilization should be done in four words: sufficient, suitable, heavy and skillful. Foot: The potato field should be fully applied with base fertilizer, accounting for 50-60% of the total fertilization. Suitable: after planting 10- 15 days, it is suitable to apply some fertilizer, 5.0 kg urea per mu, or 1000- 1200 kg rare animal manure. Weight: Before the stems and leaves are elongated and closed, marginal fertilizer is applied again, accounting for about 40% of the total. Give priority to organic fertilizer, and apply appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer. Coincidentally, at the beginning of August, 0.2% of "sweet potato expansion factor" or potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaves to promote the expansion of potato pieces.
(2) Before planting sweet potatoes with tendrils in intertillage, intertillage weeding should be carried out for 2-3 times, mainly with shallow hoes, and the original ridge shape should be maintained. In case of rain or wet soil, there are many adventitious roots on the sweet potato vine, so the vine should be hoisted in time and sprayed with 15% paclobutrazol to prevent the vine from overgrowth, and the appropriate concentration is 230g ~ 60kg of water.
5, harvesting: after the first frost, you can harvest before freezing. Generally, the yield per mu can reach more than 4000 Jin. According to the current wholesale market price of 0.5 yuan/Jin, a profit of 2000 yuan can be obtained. Excluding the cost of 500 yuan, the profit per mu is about 1500 yuan.
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