What kind of place is Sanjiangyuan?

Sanjiangyuan is a troika equivalent to the source of China's economy. Now the iceberg of Sanjiangyuan is disappearing at a horrible speed. The ecological environment, vegetation, animals and plants are being destroyed by human beings, and mining and poaching have seriously damaged nature reserves. Once the source of the Three Rivers is exhausted or indirectly exhausted, the agriculture and economy of the Three Rivers Basin in China will be greatly hit. In order to protect the source of the Three Rivers, we should protect every grass, tree and living vegetation here, and at the same time, the state should intensify the crackdown on illegal mining.

Supplementary answer: China water tower faces ecological hidden trouble.

Sanjiangyuan is the starting area of climate change in China and even in Asia, an important ecological barrier area and water conservation area, and one of the four pollution-free and ultra-clean areas in the world announced by UNESCO.

"The source of the Three Rivers is called the source of water towers and rivers in China. 49.2% of the total water volume of the Yellow River, 25% of the total water volume of the Yangtze River and 15% of the total water volume of the Lancang River all come from this. " Nold, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, said.

Since 1970s and 1980s, under the combined action of global warming and unreasonable behaviors such as indiscriminate gold mining and medicinal materials digging, glaciers and snow-capped mountains in the source area of the Three Rivers have been shrinking year by year, and the areas of many rivers, lakes and wetlands have been shrinking and drying up, and desertification and soil erosion have been expanding, and the problems of desertification and grassland degradation have become increasingly prominent. The water tower in China is facing serious ecological problems.

A few days ago, the eco-environmental geological survey project in the source area of the Yangtze River showed that with the continuous global warming, the total area of glaciers in the source area of the Yangtze River is 105 1 square kilometer, which is less than the 1247 square kilometer recorded in the source area of the Yangtze River 196 square kilometer, and the annual melting amount of glaciers reaches 989 million cubic meters. The speed of large-scale melting and retreating of glaciers has reached a worrying level.

Ecological concerns pose a real threat. Wang Yuhu, governor of Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, said that the ecological environment of the Sanjiangyuan has been deteriorating for many years, and the source water has been decreasing and cut off for many times, which not only seriously affects the survival and development of farmers and herdsmen, but also directly threatens the water safety and ecological environment in the middle and lower reaches of the Sanjiangyuan Basin.

Initially curb the trend of ecological deterioration

Maduo county, Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, known as "the county of thousands of lakes", is one of the areas with the worst ecological deterioration in the Sanjiang River, with more than 4,000 lakes drying up 90%. After several years of ecological management, most of the lakes in this county have been restored and began to show beautiful scenery dotted with thousands of lakes and ripples.

"We have cancelled the assessment of GDP in the Sanjiangyuan area. At the same time, in the Three Rivers source area, gold mining for sand mining has been stopped, grazing has been banned on a large scale, and artificial rainfall has been implemented. The ecological management of Sanjiangyuan has achieved initial results. " Song Xiuyan, governor of Qinghai Province, said.

From 5438 to June 2003, Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve was approved as a national nature reserve, covering 16 counties of Yushu, Guoluo, Hainan and Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province and Tanggula Township in Golmud City, accounting for 42% of the total area of Sanjiangyuan area.

Song Xiuyan said that in 2005, the state approved the ecological protection construction project of Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve, with an investment of 7.5 billion yuan. In recent years, the Sanjiangyuan region has taken a series of measures to seriously implement the national ecological protection and construction projects. In recent years, it has invested nearly 1 100 million yuan to carry out ecological protection projects such as returning grazing to grassland, returning farmland to forests, rodent control, ecological migration and black soil beach management.

"After the management in recent years, the vegetation in this area has been restored, and some improvements have been made in water conservation, wind and sand fixation, soil and water conservation, and the production and living conditions of herders have changed significantly." Nold said that at present, Guoluo has managed 54,000 mu of black soil beach, resettled 2,707 ecological immigrants, completed the grazing prohibition area of 365,438 mu +0.9285 million mu, and reduced livestock by 65,438 mu +0.6993 million sheep units.

Yushu Prefecture, located in Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve, has completed 6,826 ecological immigrants, reduced livestock/kloc-0 1.9025 million sheep units, and banned grazing for 37,599,400 mu. "Through protection and construction, the deterioration trend of the ecological environment in Sanjiangyuan has been initially curbed, and ecological protection and construction have achieved initial results." Wang Yuhu said.

The monitoring data from 2006 to 2007 showed that the water output of the Three Rivers increased from 4127 million cubic meters to 492.76 million cubic meters. Grassland productivity has also recovered, and the setting of sand barrier squares has effectively controlled the movement of sand grains. In windy weather, the sand control area is no longer filled with yellow sand, and the harm to roads is obviously reduced.

Accelerate the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism

As one of the most fragile and primitive areas in China, Sanjiangyuan has weak self-regulation ability. Once the surface plants are destroyed, the natural recovery cycle is longer, and the cost of artificial recovery is higher.

At the same time, the ecological deterioration of the Three Rivers source is intertwined with regional poverty. Among 0/6 counties in this district, there are 7 poverty-stricken counties at the national level and 7 poverty-stricken counties at the provincial level, and the poor population accounts for 63% of the total number of local farmers and herdsmen. It is the region with the most concentrated poverty population, the deepest poverty and the most arduous task of getting rid of poverty in Qinghai Province.

Nold and some NPC deputies from Qinghai put forward suggestions on accelerating the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism at this year's "two sessions". The purpose is to achieve the coordination of "rights, responsibilities and interests" among all stakeholders, which not only protects the environment, but also helps the local people to accelerate their development.

"The contradiction between ecological protection and economic development in Sanjiangyuan area is increasingly prominent, and the ecological environment construction is in urgent need of huge financial support. Establishing an ecological compensation mechanism can not only alleviate the shortage of funds, but also fundamentally change the unreasonable use of the ecological benefits of Sanjiang and ensure the sustainability of ecological construction. " Nold said.

Ecological compensation is not uncommon in the world. The Danube, which flows through many European countries, has established a mechanism to compensate the upstream downstream. Beijing and Hebei have also made some beneficial explorations in ecological compensation for water source protection. Some experts pointed out that it is the general trend to establish a wider ecological compensation mechanism.

"A few days ago, the master plan of the Sanjiangyuan Ecological Protection Comprehensive Experimental Zone with the establishment and improvement of the ecological compensation mechanism as the main content has been completed, which will become an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the Sanjiangyuan area in the future." Wang Yuhu said.