The geographical features of Shanxi

Shanxi Province is an inland province, located on the east bank of the middle reaches of the Yellow River and on the Loess Plateau west of the North China Plain. The province is surrounded by mountains and waters, which is completely different from the natural boundaries of neighboring provinces (regions). Taihang Mountain is adjacent to Hebei in the east; West and south are separated by the Yellow River, facing Shaanxi and Henan; It is bordered by the Great Wall in the north and Inner Mongolia. The total area of the whole territory is156,000 square kilometers, accounting for 1.6% of the total area of the whole country. The outline of the territory is a parallelogram inclined from northeast to southwest, with a long distance from north to south and a longitudinal length of about 682 kilometers: the southernmost point is south of Zhang Cun, Ruicheng County, with a latitude of 34 34'; The northernmost point is in the north of Yuantou Village, Tianzhen County, with a latitude of 40 44'. The distance between east and west is short, with a width of about 385 kilometers: the easternmost point is in the east of Nankeng Village, Guangling County, east longitude11433'; The westernmost point is in the west of Wang Chang village, yongji city, east longitude 1 10 14'.

Shanxi is a typical mountainous plateau covered by loess, with high terrain in the northeast and low terrain in the southwest. Most areas in China are above 1 500m above sea level, and the highest point is Dou Feng, the main peak leaf of Wutai Mountain, with an altitude of 306 1. 1m, which is the highest peak in North China and is known as the "roof of North China". The lowest point is where the Xiyang River flows into the Yellow River in Yuanqu County, with an altitude of only 180 meters. The interior of the plateau is undulating, the valleys are criss-crossed, and the landform types are complex and diverse. There are mountains, hills, terraces, plains, many mountains and few rivers. Mountains and hills account for 80. 1% of the total area of the province, while Pingchuan and river valleys account for 19.9% of the total area. Main mountain ranges in Shanxi: Taihang Mountain, Luliang Mountain, Hengshan Mountain, Wutai Mountain, Zhongtiao Mountain and Taiyue Mountain. Six great basin in Shanxi: Datong, Xinzhou, Taiyuan, Linfen, Yuncheng and Changzhi Basin; In addition, there are small basins in the east, such as Yangquan, Shouyang, xiang yuan, Licheng and Zezhou.

Shanxi is located inland on the east coast of the mid-latitude mainland. Although the eastern part of the province is only 300~500 kilometers away from the coast, the climate in the eastern part of the province is weakly influenced by the ocean, and it belongs to the temperate continental monsoon climate in terms of climate types. The north is colder because of the attack of cold air mass in Inner Mongolia in winter. In summer, the southern part of the country is relatively mild because of the moist air masses coming from the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and the North Plain of Henan Province. The climate difference between north and south is obvious. The climate is characterized by: long winter, cold and dry; In summer, the south is long and the north is short, and the rain is concentrated; In spring, the climate is changeable and there are more sandstorms. Autumn is short and the weather is mild. The whole region is sunny and rich in heat resources; There are more disastrous weather, "nine droughts in ten years"; The temperature difference between day and night is large.

There are many rivers 1000 in Shanxi. The main feature is that there are many rivers, mainly seasonal rivers, and the water quantity varies greatly seasonally. Rivers in Shanxi originate from plateaus and mountains in the east and west. The rivers flowing west and south belong to the Yellow River system, and the rivers flowing east belong to the Haihe River system. Shanxi Yellow River basin covers an area of 97 138 square kilometers, accounting for 62% of the total area. Haihe river basin in Shanxi covers an area of 59 133 square kilometers, accounting for 38% of the total area. There are more than 1000 rivers in China. There are 250 rivers with a drainage area of 100 square kilometers; Fenhe River, Qinhe River, Sushui River, Sanchuan River, Shui Xin River and other rivers belong to the Yellow River system 142, and the basin area accounts for 62% of the total area of the province. There are 8 1 rivers belonging to Haihe River system, such as Sanggan River, Hutuo River and Zhanghe River, and the basin area accounts for 38% of the total area of the province. The Yellow River flows 968 kilometers along the Shanxi border, and Fenhe River is the largest river in Shanxi, with a total length of 694 kilometers.