The problem of planting tomatoes

Planting is ok, but the yield will not be high. Because tomatoes grow and bear fruit at the same time, if they are not topped, they can really make tomato plants grow taller, but all nutrients will be transported to the top for the growth of terminal buds, thus weakening the nutrient accumulation of fruits. For topping tomato, it is only for infinite growth type, not for limited growth type. In the process of tomato cultivation, it is also necessary to remove the lateral buds to prevent the plants from growing too densely. Different wind ~

Pruning fruit trees, in addition to maintaining tree vigor and removing twigs, is also conducive to crown ventilation, nutrient preservation and increasing photosynthesis. Pruning is usually beneficial to the result.

Water and fertilizer management During the flowering period, the water and fertilizer will be filled, and water will be poured into the underground ditch every seven or eight days. Each ditch will be applied with 0.6-0.7 kg of calcium fertilizer, which is equivalent to potassium fertilizer. Calcium fertilizer can be used in conjunction with high-calcium Jiabao. If this management is carried out, the flowers will be particularly large, and the tomatoes will have round appearance, thick skin and bright color.

Selection and collection of tomato seeds

Release date: 2005-11-0310: 30.

Typical plants with good growth, moderate inflorescence position, consistent plant height and main characters conforming to the characteristics and characteristics of this variety were selected in the field.

When the tomatoes of the 2nd-3rd ear of the selected single plant reach full maturity, they are picked separately, and the fruits with large and neat fruit shape, smooth fruit surface, bright color, small navel, no crack at the pedicle and thick flesh are selected as seeds. Leave it indoors for 2-3 days to make it fully mature.

Dig the seeds, wash the seeds, cut them in half in the middle of the fruit, and then dig the seeds in the ovary with glue into the pot with a knife. Do not use metal containers such as iron and copper to collect seed liquid to prevent corrosion. No water can be added to the seed liquid to prevent the seeds from sprouting during fermentation.

After fermentation and seed digging, cover the seed liquid basin. Leave it indoors for 2-3 days and let it ferment naturally. When a layer of silver eardrum appears on the surface of the seed liquid, the seed can be easily separated from the colloid, indicating that it has been fermented.

Rinse the fermented seed liquid with clear water equal to the seed liquid, and then fully stir. When the stirring is stopped, the seeds will sink quickly, the floating liquid on them will be poured off, and then clean water will be added to the seed tank for 2-3 times. If the gum on the seed surface is not easy to fall off, you can rub it off by hand, then clean it, and spread the cleaned seeds on gauze to dry. At the same time, it should be turned frequently to make the seeds dry evenly.

Preservation When the water content of seeds drops below 65,438+02% (teeth rattle), they can be stored in paper bags or cloth bags. And put a label on the seed bag and write down the variety, source, year of seed collection, quality, etc. And put a copy in the bag to prevent misuse. (Farmer Daily Jiangmi)

Seed treatment of tomato before sowing

Release date: September 27, 2005 at 09: 38.

If you want to grow high-yield and high-income tomatoes, you must treat the seeds before sowing. The specific method is as follows:

First, seed soaking and disinfection

Soak in clear water, knead, remove seed hair and impurities, remove chaff, and then soak in warm water to make the seeds fully expand. After soaking for 5-7 hours, the surface is disinfected and sterilized, that is, the seeds are soaked with chemicals and scalded with warm water.

1. soak the seeds in formalin. Soak the seeds soaked for 4-5 hours in 1% formalin solution for 15-20 minutes, then take them out and put them in a heat preservation sealer for 2-3 hours, and then rinse them with clear water to accelerate germination, which can effectively control the occurrence of early blight.

2. Soak the seeds with trisodium phosphate. Soak the soaked seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 ~ 30 minutes, take them out and wash them, and then destroy the buds, so as to kill viruses such as tobacco mosaic carried by the seeds.

3. scald the seeds with hot water. Soaked seeds are scalded in constant temperature water at 50 ~ 55℃ for 5 ~ 7 minutes, and then cooled in cold water to accelerate germination.

Second, accelerate germination.

1. Place insulation materials (rice straw and wheat straw) at the bottom and around the pottery jar, wrap the seeds with gauze and put them in the jar, then cover them with a layer of wet things (such as sacks) and put them in the greenhouse or sunny place to accelerate germination.

2. Body temperature germination method. Wrap the seeds with a clean and moist towel, and then wrap the towel with a plastic film slightly shorter than the towel, with both ends of the towel exposed. Then wrap a long scarf (or a long piece of cloth) around your waist and put it under you at night, which usually reaches the sowing standard in one day and night.

3. Bulb germination method. Put a bucket in the vat and put insulation around the bucket. Put about 8 cm of warm water in the bucket, hang a 40-watt incandescent lamp 8 cm above the water surface, put a bamboo stick 8 cm above the lamp, spread a wet cloth, and sprinkle seeds on the cloth. Cover the barrel with a layer of wet cloth, and seal the mouth of the barrel with a wet sack to keep the temperature and humidity in the barrel so that the seeds can germinate smoothly.

(Source: China Specialty News)

Efficient cultivation techniques of cherry tomato

Release date: September-July 2005, 09: 39

Cherry tomato is a warm vegetable, and its growth and development need higher temperature than ordinary tomato. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 25℃-30℃, the optimum temperature for growth is 20℃-25℃, and the optimum temperature for growth at fruiting stage is 15℃-25℃. Love light, serious lack of light; The water demand is less in the early stage and more in the later stage; Strong adaptability to soil, the best performance in sandy loam, like potassium fertilizer, and in order to prevent the occurrence of umbilical rot, calcium fertilizer should be properly applied. The yield of cherry tomatoes is relatively low, 600- 1500 kg per mu, and the sales price is relatively high. The main varieties are Saint, Lingqiu, Cherry Red and Rintaro. The main cultivation techniques are as follows:

First, the cultivation season. The cultivation season of cherry tomatoes is similar to that of ordinary tomatoes. Cultivation in the open field, the protected area can be planted in spring in February, planted after the final frost in late April, and entered the harvest period in the middle and late June. Seeding in autumn can be carried out in July, sowing in August, and harvesting in June can start at 5438+ 10. Protected cultivation can be advanced or postponed appropriately.

Second, sow and raise seedlings. Most cherry tomatoes are cultivated by seedling raising and transplanting. ① Seedbed preparation. Seedbeds should be selected in plots where solanaceae vegetables are not planted, and fertile fields should be mixed with 40%-50% decomposed organic fertilizer. Every cubic meter of nutrient soil should be mixed with 1 kg of calcium superphosphate and 5- 10 kg of plant ash. After mixing, they should be screened and spread in the seedbed. Seedbed should be set in greenhouse in early spring, and electric hotline should be laid when the temperature is too low; Seedbed should be located in a cool and ventilated place in summer. There is a lot of rain in summer, so the nursery bed should have rain shelter facilities and a drainage ditch at the end of the bed. ② Seed treatment. Most of the diseases of cherry tomatoes are spread by bacteria carried by seeds, so the seeds should be disinfected before sowing. In order to prevent viral diseases, trisodium phosphate is often used for disinfection in production. The method is as follows: firstly, wet the seeds with clear water, wrap them with gauze, soak them in 100% trisodium phosphate solution for 15-20 minutes, take out the seed bags, wrap them with warm towels, and accelerate germination at 28℃. When the seeds germinate, they should be washed 1 time every day. When 1/2 seeds are exposed, they can be sown in about 3-4 days. (3) sowing. The seedbed should be watered first, and it can be watered slightly when sowing in early spring. Seedbeds sown in summer should be filled with enough water. After the water seeps down, it should be sown evenly and then covered with 1 cm sieve soil. 3-5 grams of seeds are used for seedbeds per square meter, and 6-8 square meters of seedbeds are needed for each mu of planting area. ④ Seedling management. Attention should be paid to heat preservation in early spring, and the ground temperature of seedbed should be controlled at 25-30℃ before emergence. Seedling raising in summer should be rain-proof and cool. When most seeds emerge, they should be cooled in time. When the seedlings grow two true leaves, the temperature should be controlled at 20℃ during the day and at 12℃- 15℃ at night. ⑤ divide the seedlings. In early spring, the temperature is getting higher and higher, and the seedbed generally does not need a floor hotline. In early spring, seedlings are divided in sunny mornings and planted in dark water. Ditch first, then water, and then put the seedlings and bury them after the water seeps out. There is no muddy water on the surface after burial. The plant spacing is10×10cm. The way to divide seedlings in summer evening or cloudy day is the same as in early spring. The plant spacing is10×10cm. After planting, irrigate, shade the border, and remove the mulch after delaying emergence. The temperature of seedbed before seedling slow-release is 25℃-28℃ during the day and 65438 05℃-65438 08℃ at night. After slow sowing, it will be 20℃-25℃ during the day and 13℃- 15℃ at night. Don't water the seedbed in early spring, but water the seedbed frequently in summer. When the seedlings grow to 8 true leaves, they can be planted.

Third, colonization. Soil preparation first, combined with deep ploughing, 5000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate are applied per mu. After leveling, make a flat border with a width of 150 cm (if plastic film is buckled in early spring, make a small border with a height of 10 cm and a border width of 50-60 cm). Planting 3 rows per border in flat border, and planting 1 row in small and high border. The plant spacing is 20-30cm, and 4500-6000 plants are planted per mu. First, cover the whole border with plastic film, and then drill planting holes according to the plant spacing, with the planting depth from cotyledons to the ground 1 cm.

Fourth, on-site management. (1) water. If you pour enough planting water, you don't need to water it before the first inflorescence blooms and bears fruit. If there is little water for planting, ditch the border and pour small water, and choose sunny morning. The first watering needs a lot of water in the fruit-bearing period after the first ear bears fruit. Water should be poured every 5-6 days, which requires both wet and dry use. Reduce watering when harvesting to prevent fruit from cracking. ② Topdressing. After the first ear of fruit bears fruit, combined with watering, topdressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu 10kg, and topdressing compound fertilizer per mu 10kg when the first ear of fruit turns color to promote fruit development. After that, topdressing every 2 ears of fruit 1 time, and the topdressing amount is per mu 10 kg. ③ Temperature management. The cultivation temperature in protected field is higher than that of common tomato, and it is required to be above 10℃ at night, 20℃-25℃ during the day, and the highest temperature is not higher than 35℃. 4 pruning. Cherry tomato plants are tall and have poor erectness. When the plant grows to 50 cm, the tea beetle will prevent lodging. The lateral branches have strong growth ability, and they are generally pruned with two stems, leaving two strong branches first and erasing the others. Generally, the top is not topped, and the old leaves at the lower part become Huang Shi and are removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption. ⑤ Sparse flowers and protect fruits. When the temperature is low in early spring, it is easy to drop flowers due to poor pollination. 2,4-D can be used to smear the newly opened calyx and pedicel (only 1 time). Cherry tomatoes have more flowers and fruits per panicle. Choose 20-30 good ones and remove the rest.

5. Harvest. Harvest at full maturity, and keep sepals and a section of fruit stalk at harvest.

Six, pest control. Common diseases include early blight, late blight, virus disease, gray mold and so on. Control method: 3-4 years rotation with non-solanaceae crops. At the beginning of the disease, 70% mancozeb 500 times solution and 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution were sprayed/kloc-0 times every 7- 10 days for 4-5 times. Insect pests are mainly aphids, and 20% pyrethroid emulsifiable concentrate is 800- 1000 times, and 50% repellent fog is 2000-3000 times. Source: Qinghai Science and Technology News Author: Guo

How to prevent rotten tomatoes at present

Release date: September 0, 2005110:14.

Many farmers' friends asked: There is a lot of rain in summer, and tomatoes rot a lot, which has a great influence on yield. But after taking a lot of medicine, the effect is not ideal. I don't know what's going on.

The author thinks that tomato diseases are serious and varied in hot and rainy summer. In the process of prevention and control, people often only use drugs to prevent fungal diseases, but bacterial diseases still cause great harm, which is the main reason for the unsatisfactory effect of drug prevention and control. Secondly, it will rain soon after spraying, and the medicine will fail, which will also affect the efficacy.

The common fruit rot diseases of tomato in summer are: late blight and early blight, which are fungal diseases; There are also soft rot, canker, bacterial spot disease and so on. These are bacterial diseases. In addition, there are rotten fruits caused by physiological diseases such as navel rot and fruit cracking.

The correct way to prevent rotten fruit is: pay attention to drainage to prevent water accumulation and waterlogging in the field; Often remove the old, yellow and diseased leaves at the lower part, pay attention to timely pruning and harrowing, and maintain good ventilation and light transmission; If it rains 4-6 hours after spraying, it should be replenished in time. Rotten fruits are removed in time and concentrated in the fields for deep burial; Timely control pests such as cotton bollworm; Don't use more than one medicine when taking medicine. Fungal drugs and bacterial drugs should be used alternately. For example, use Fuxing and Kelv to prevent fungal diseases, and use agricultural streptomycin to prevent bacterial diseases next time. For rotten fruit caused by physiological diseases such as navel rot and fruit cracking, pay attention to watering evenly to prevent fruit cracking; Spray 0.2% calcium fertilizer to supplement calcium, and spray 1/10000 natural brassin-Shuofeng 48 1 to promote growth and improve its disease resistance. (Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences) Author: Song Yuanlin Source: Shandong Science and Technology Information News

Squeezing tomato branches can increase yield

Release date: August 29th, 2005 10: 30.

Practice shows that pressing tomato branches can increase production. The specific method is as follows: after the full fruit period of tomato, leave 1-2 lateral branches at the bottom of the main stem, bend to the ground, fix them with soil pressure, and expose 2-3 leaves at the top. After all the lateral branches are fixed, water them once.

After stratification, the temperature in the shed (room) is controlled at 20-25℃ during the day, 10- 15℃ at night, with soil humidity of 60%-70% and air humidity of 45%-55%. After the main stem and fruit of tomato decline, the main stem should be cut off from the upper part of the pressed lateral branches immediately, and the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened to make it blossom and bear fruit quickly. (Nongguang School, Xinchengzi District, Shenyang)

(Source: Liaoning Farmers Daily)

Three methods to prolong the fruiting period of tomato

Release date: August 2005

After the first generation of tomatoes are harvested, the following three methods can be used to make tomatoes blossom and bear fruit again and improve economic benefits.

1. Seedling pressing method. After harvesting the first generation of tomatoes, cut off the dead branches and yellow leaves, and keep the new branches with strong regeneration ability. Dig a fertilization ditch 20 cm long and about 15 cm deep on one side of the trunk. After fertilization, bury the trunk in the ditch, and then water it to let the vines take root quickly. In this way, the new roots and the old roots absorb water and fertilizer, and the plant type grows rapidly and blossoms and bears fruit again.

2. Plant pruning method. After the first generation of tomatoes are harvested, the dead old branches and leaves are cut off, and then the roots are opened for fertilization and watering, so as to promote the development of new branches, grow rapidly and blossom and bear fruit again.

3. Transplantation method. Tomato roots are easy to take root for a long time, and more tillering seedlings can be produced near the ground. These tillers grow and bear fruit quickly after transplanting, usually 7- 10 days. If the ground is dry, soil can be cultivated and watered around the trunk to promote secondary tillering. When there are a few white spots on the roots of tillers, they can be transplanted and survive, and they can blossom and bear fruit quickly.

Cultivation techniques for high quality and high yield of tomato in summer.

Release date: May 2005-12 15: 08

August-September is the off-season of tomatoes, and the price is similar to that of protected cultivation. Therefore, tomato planting in summer is a good way for farmers to get rich with less investment, high efficiency and great market potential. The key management techniques for planting over-summer tomatoes are summarized as follows:

First, choose good varieties. Through comparative experiments, I think Celtic and Xinlufeng Hybrid No.2 are more suitable for summer cultivation. Their characteristics are: early maturity, unrestricted growth, small leaves, average fruit weight of about 300 grams, high fruit setting rate, strong disease resistance, less fruit cracking, tough and resistant to beating, and pink fruit, which are deeply loved by consumers. Xinlufeng Hybrid No.2 almost won the fruit cracking resistance competition.

Second, raise seedlings. According to experience, late April is the best time to raise seedlings every year. Choose a well-drained plot as a nursery site, and mix the decomposed high-quality manure and the cooked soil in the grain field evenly at a ratio of 3:7. After watering in the nutrition bowl, sow directly in the bowl, and the seedling stage is about one month.

Third, soil preparation and fertilization. Summer tomato is suitable for planting in shady slopes, hilly areas, well-ventilated, drainage, dry water and thick soil. Formulated fertilization and sufficient base fertilizer were used, and 5000 kg of decomposed high-quality ring fertilizer and 60 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer were used per mu, which were evenly spread and deeply cultivated.

Fourth, the cultivation method and density. Ridge-ridging and high-border cultivation method is beneficial to drainage. The width of each border is1.2m, the row spacing is 0.37m, and 3000 plants are planted per mu.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) cultivation management. After planting, 50 kilograms of decomposed cake fertilizer should be applied to each mu of hole, and intertillage should be done in time to weed. When the seedlings grow to about 0.3 meters, it is necessary to check the frame in time and tie the seedlings. The method of tea nail: triangle or quadrilateral is ok, and the tea nail should be firm. Leave 4-5 ears of fruit per tree, with 3-4 fruits per ear. Dip or spray flowers in time after flowering, preferably once every three days.

Six, common pest control

1. virus disease: soak the seeds with virus a, plant quarantine and 0. 1% potassium permanganate solution, and wash them with clear water after 15 minutes. It is also effective to use 0/00 times solution of "NS-83" resistance enhancer/KLOC-or 20 times solution of raw soybean juice at seedling stage or after colonization, and spray it 3-4 times from seedling stage to flowering stage. Prevention first, and treatment second.

2. Epidemic in the morning and evening: 800-fold solution of early epidemic and late epidemic, or 600-fold solution of Dubangkelu, with red, green Wei Fen 1-3 or Aiduo or 1% calcium nitrate added alternately.

3. Stem rot: kill streptomycin or stem rot by bacteria, and add pyrethroid to control Pieris rapae when spraying.

4. Botrytis cinerea: Add foliar fertilizer and pyrethroid insecticide with quick-acting powder or mildew-proof wettable powder, and spray evenly in sunny afternoon.

Seven, timely harvest. Watch the weather forecast in time during the harvest period. Before the heavy rain, pick eight ripe fruits and put them in the house. Choose when selling to prevent cracking. First frost picked the white ripe fruit the day before, put it indoors, wrapped it with film, and put it on the market after the fruit is red and ripe.

Cultivation of "a bunch of red" tomatoes

Release date: February 5, 2005 10: 39

"A bunch of red" cherry tomatoes grow vigorously, with thick stems, about 300 per plant, small fruit, spherical fruit shape, smooth and round fruit surface, luster, sweet taste and good taste, and no residual skin is left in the mouth after eating. This variety has strong disease resistance, high resistance to tobacco mosaic virus disease, early blight, leaf mold, etc. Its cultivation techniques are as follows:

Sowing in time: sowing in spring around February and autumn in the first half of July. Sowing in greenhouse from late August to early September, sowing in early September and harvesting in late February.

In order to improve the quality of miniature tomatoes, the planting density should be single row or double row, the row spacing should be 40-45 cm, and the row spacing should be cm, and 3000-3300 plants should be planted per mu.

Fertilizer and water management "a bunch of red" has a high yield and a large amount of fertilizer, mainly based on base fertilizer, with 2500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate applied per mu. Top dressing in time, with quick-acting fertilizer as the best.

Plant adjustment adopts single stem pruning, leaving two leaves at the top for coring after 6-7 ears, and removing old leaves and lateral buds in time during the growth process.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in greenhouse In spring, the field humidity is high, so it is necessary to prevent and control leaf mold and gray mold in time.

Source: Qinghai Science and Technology News

Pruning techniques of tomato in summer

Release date: August 26th, 2004 10: 25.

Tomatoes like to be cold and dry, but it is hot and rainy in summer, and tomatoes that grow indefinitely are easy to grow white, resulting in unbalanced fertility. In order to regulate the growth and development of tomato in summer, cultivate healthy plants, enhance the plant's ability to resist pests and diseases, increase yield and improve quality, on the basis of appropriate sparse planting and reasonable fertilizer and water management, precise pruning is also particularly important. 1. The axillary buds should be pruned by one stem, and the axillary buds under the lower nodes and flower spikes should be removed as soon as possible. For varieties with small seedlings and strong growth potential, three axillary buds should be left to regulate growth. But it should be noted that if you leave too much, the first ear will bear poor fruit. After the third ear blooms and bears fruit, the axillary buds are gone. Especially the axillary buds under the flower spike should be removed as soon as possible. 2. After the ear bud harvested by coring plan is confirmed, when the ear below it blooms, leave two leaves on the bud for coring. Because the ovary at the top of the core is full and bears good fruit, you can get big and excellent fruit. Be careful not to delay. 3. There are two kinds of picking leaves, one is picking leaves when the growth is too strong. According to moderate leaf picking, growth can be inhibited. When the fifth ear blooms, no fruit can be seen from the working path, indicating that the vegetative growth is too vigorous. Remove the leaves covering the fruit to inhibit growth. Because when the growth is too strong, the leaves must be big and long, covering the fruit, which is the main reason for the formation of hollow fruit, so it is best to remove the compound leaves covering the fruit or half a leaf. The other is picking leaves to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. After the harvest begins, remove the leaves under the harvested ear to make it well ventilated and prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, but leave about 10 for each plant, and do not pick the leaves excessively. Remove closed leaves with overlapping leaves.

Source: Chongqing Agricultural Economic Net