Duolun City, Inner Mongolia Information

Guduolun, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is located in the northern frontier of People's Republic of China (PRC), extending obliquely from northeast to southwest in a long and narrow shape.

Longitude and longitude start from east longitude 9712' and east longitude126 04' in the west, spanning 28 52' longitude and separated by more than 2,400 kilometers. It starts from 37 24' north latitude in the south and ends at 53 23' north latitude, with vertical occupation latitude15 59' and linear distance1700km. The total area of the region is1183,000 square kilometers, accounting for 12.3% of the country's land area, ranking third in the country.

East, south and west are adjacent to Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia and Gansu in turn, spanning northeast, north and northwest, and close to Beijing and Tianjin; It borders Mongolia and the Russian Federation in the north, with a total length of 42,265,438+0 kilometers.

[Geology] Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has a vast territory, developed strata, frequent magmatic activities, good metallogenic conditions and rich mineral resources.

It can be divided into two I-level tectonic units with 42 north latitude as the boundary.

To the north of Line 42 is Tianshan-Inner Mongolia-Xing 'an geosyncline, and to the south is North China Platform.

Influenced by the subduction of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Pacific plate to the west, a northeast tectonic volcanic belt was formed in eastern Inner Mongolia, which is the third uplift belt of the Neocathaysian system.

There are two famous grade II metallogenic belts in Inner Mongolia, which are located on the contact axis of these two tectonic units and the third uplift belt of Xinhua Xia.

The former is a secondary gold-copper polymetallic metallogenic belt in the northern margin of North China Platform, and the latter is a secondary copper polymetallic metallogenic belt in Daxinganling.

[Landform] The landform of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is dominated by the Mongolian Plateau, with complex and diverse forms.

Except for the southeast, it is basically a plateau, accounting for about 50% of the total land area. It consists of high plains such as Hulunbeier high plains, Xilingol high plains, Bayannur-Alashan and Erdos, with an average elevation of about 1000 meters and the highest peak of Helan Mountain of 3556 meters.

Mountains such as Daxinganling, Yinshan (Wolf Mountain, Serten Mountain, Daqing Mountain and Huiteng Liangshan) and Helan Mountain are distributed around the plateau, which constitute the backbone of the landform of Inner Mongolia Plateau.

There are Badain Jaran, Tengger, Wulanbuhe, Kubuqi and Mu Us deserts at the western end of Inner Mongolia Plateau, with a total area of10.5 million square kilometers.

At the eastern foot of Daxing 'anling Mountain, at the foot of Yinshan Mountain and on the bank of the Yellow River, there are Nenjiang River West Bank Plain, Xiliaohe Plain, Tumochuan Plain, Hetao Plain and South Bank Plain of the Yellow River.

With flat terrain, fertile soil, abundant sunlight and abundant water resources, it is the main grain and cash crop producing area in Inner Mongolia.

There are loess hills, stony hills, low mountains, valleys and basins in the transition zone from mountainous areas to high plains and Plain, and the soil erosion is serious.

Plateau area accounts for 53.4% of the total area, mountainous area accounts for 20.9%, hilly area accounts for 16.4%, and water surface area such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs accounts for 0.8%.

[Climate] Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has a vast territory, high latitude, large plateau area, far from the ocean and mountainous edges. The climate is dominated by temperate continental monsoon climate.

It has the characteristics of less and uneven precipitation, strong wind force and drastic changes in cold and summer.

The northern part of Daxinganling belongs to the cold temperate continental monsoon climate, and the area west of Bayanhaote-Haibowan-Bayangaole belongs to the temperate continental climate.

The general characteristics are sudden temperature rise in spring, windy, short and hot in summer, concentrated precipitation, sudden temperature drop in autumn, frost often comes early, long and cold in winter, and many cold waves.

Annual solar radiation increases from northeast to southwest, and precipitation decreases from northeast to southwest.

The annual average temperature is 0℃ ~ 8℃, the annual average temperature difference is 34℃ ~ 36℃, and the daily average temperature difference is 12℃ ~ 16℃.

The annual total precipitation is 50 ~ 450 mm, with more precipitation in the northeast and less precipitation in the west.

The precipitation in the eastern Oroqen Autonomous Banner is 486 mm, the annual precipitation in the Alashan Plateau in the west is less than 50 mm, and the annual precipitation in Ejina Banner is 37 mm.

The evaporation in most areas is greater than l200, the annual evaporation in Daxinganling is less than 1, 200mm, and the annual evaporation in Bayannaoer Plateau is greater than 3,200mm.

Inner Mongolia is abundant in sunshine and light energy resources. The annual sunshine hours in most areas are more than 2,700 hours, and those in the western part of Alashan Plateau are more than 3,400 hours.

The annual average number of windy days is 10 ~ 40 days, of which 70% occurs in spring.

Among them, Xilingol and Wulanchabu Plateau lasted for more than 50 days; Generally, it takes less than 10 days in the northern mountainous area of Daxinganling.

The number of sandstorm days is 5-20 days in most areas, more than 20 days in western Alashan and Ordos Plateau, and the average daily gale of Huluchigute in Ejina Banner of Alashan League is 108 days.

[Hydrology] There are more than l000 rivers in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The Yellow River, the second largest river in the motherland, enters Inner Mongolia from near Shizuishan in Ningxia, and surrounds the Ordos Plateau from south to north, forming a horseshoe shape.

Among them, there are more than 70 rivers with a drainage area of 1000 square kilometers; There are 258 river basins with an area of over 300 square kilometers.

There are nearly a thousand lakes of different sizes.

The surface water resources in the whole region are 67 1 100 million cubic meters, and the domestic self-produced water sources are 37 1 100 million cubic meters, accounting for 1.67% of the total water in China.

Groundwater resources are 30 billion cubic meters, accounting for 2.9% of the national groundwater resources.

After deducting the repeated water consumption, the total water resources in the whole region is 510.80 billion cubic meters.

The annual per capita water consumption is 2370 cubic meters, the average water consumption per hectare of cultivated land is 10000 cubic meters, and the average water production module is 44000 cubic meters/square kilometer 4.4l

The distribution of water resources in Inner Mongolia is very uneven in regional and time process, which is not suitable for the distribution of population and cultivated land.

The land area of Heilongjiang River Basin in the eastern region accounts for 27%, the cultivated land area accounts for 20% and the population accounts for 18% of the whole region, while the total water resources accounts for 65% of the whole region, and the per capita water consumption is 8420 cubic meters, which is 3.6 times of the average level of the whole region.

The total area of Xiliao River, Hailuan River and Yellow River in the central and western regions accounts for 26% of the whole region, the cultivated land accounts for 30% of the whole region, and the population accounts for 66% of the whole region, but the water resources only account for 25% of the whole region. Except for some transit water along the Yellow River, most areas are short of water resources.

Surface water] The annual average surface runoff of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is about 29 1 100 million cubic meters, accounting for 78% of the total river runoff; The average annual runoff is 8 billion cubic meters, accounting for 22% of the total river runoff.

Due to the influence of atmospheric precipitation and underlying surface factors, the annual runoff is unevenly distributed in different regions, and the water resources are also unbalanced. Some areas are rich in water resources, while most areas are dry and short of water.

At the same time, the distribution of river runoff is uneven during the year and varies greatly between years.

The annual precipitation is concentrated from June to August, and the runoff in flood season accounts for 60 ~ 80% of the total runoff in the whole region.

Runoff is uneven and varies greatly in a few years.

The ratio of the maximum and minimum annual runoff of rivers in the eastern forest region is 4 ~12; 6 ~ 22 rivers in the middle; The rivers in the western region are as high as 26 or more.

In addition, the river runoff flowing into the autonomous region from outside the region is 33.06 billion cubic meters, including the annual average runoff of the Yellow River of 365.438+0.5 billion cubic meters and the Ejina River of 840 million cubic meters.

[Groundwater] The average amount of groundwater resources in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is 25.4 billion cubic meters.

The average annual groundwater resources in hilly areas are11300 million cubic meters, accounting for 44% of the total groundwater resources in the whole region.

Among them, the river runoff is 8 billion cubic meters, accounting for 7 l% of groundwater resources in hilly areas.

Groundwater level in plain area; The average resource for many years is 654.38+072 billion cubic meters, accounting for 56% of the groundwater resources in the whole region after deducting the repeated calculation with the groundwater resources in hilly areas.

The distribution of groundwater resources in the autonomous region is influenced by atmospheric precipitation, underlying surface conditions and human activities, with the characteristics of many plains, few hills and few inland river basins.

After deducting the repeated calculation between the plain area and the hilly area, the modulus of groundwater resources in the autonomous region is generally 59,000 ~ 65,000 cubic meters/square kilometer, which is 2.2 ~ 2.7 times the average modulus of groundwater resources in the hilly area.

The modulus of groundwater resources in inland river basin is 1. 1 10,000 cubic meters/square kilometer, so groundwater resources are very poor, only in the plains or river valleys of inland closed basins, groundwater is relatively rich.

According to the different natural conditions and water systems, the whole region is divided into: Heilongjiang water system area at the west foot of Daxing 'anling; Hulunbeier high plains Inland Watershed; Nenjiang river system area in the hilly area at the eastern foot of Daxing 'anling Mountains; Liaohe River system area in West Liaohe Plain; Internal drainage, high plains, Inner Mongolia, the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain; Yinshan, Haihe and Luanhe River water system areas; Yellow River Basin in Hetao Plain at the southern foot of Yinshan Mountain; Water system area of Ordos Plateau; Inland drainage area of western desert.

[Soil] Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has a vast territory, and there are many kinds of soils with different properties and productivity, but the common characteristics are strong accumulation of calcium and more accumulation of organic matter in the process of soil formation.

According to the soil-forming process and soil properties, it can be divided into 9 soil types and 22 soil types.

Among the 9 soil types, calcareous soil is the least distributed.

The distribution of soil in Inner Mongolia changes obviously from east to west, and the soil zones are basically arranged in the northeast-southwest direction, with the black soil zone in the easternmost part, followed by dark brown soil zone, chernozem zone, chestnut soil zone, brown soil zone, black ridge soil zone, calcareous soil zone, aeolian sand zone and gray-brown desert zone in the west.

Among them, black soil has the highest natural fertility, good structure and water conditions, easy to cultivate and suitable for developing agriculture; Chernozem has the second natural fertility and is suitable for developing agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.

[Vegetation] The vegetation in Inner Mongolia consists of seed plants, ferns, bryophytes, fungi and lichens.

There are rich plant species, including 235/kloc-0 species of seed plants and ferns, belonging to 720 genera of 133 families.

Among them, 184 species were introduced and cultivated, and 2 167 species were wild plants (2 106 species were seed plants and 6/kloc-0 species were ferns).

The distribution of plant species is uneven, and the mountain plants are the most abundant.

Daxinganling in the east is rich in forest plants, meadows, swamps and aquatic plants.

Yinshan Mountain in the middle and Helan Mountain in the west have both forest and grassland plants, as well as meadow and swamp plants.

Plateau and plain areas are dominated by grassland and desert xerophytes, with a small number of meadow plants and halophytes.

The grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia is a continuous whole, from Songliao Plain in the northeast, through the mountains at the southern foot of Daxinganling and Inner Mongolia Plateau, to Ordos Plateau and Loess Plateau at the southern foot of Yinshan Mountain, including the world-famous Hulunbeier Grassland, Xilingol Grassland, Wulanchabu Grassland and Ordos Grassland.

Desert vegetation is mainly distributed in the west of Yikezhao League, Bayannaoer League and Alashan League.

It is mainly composed of small semi-shrubs, halophytes and shrubs, with more than 0/000 species of seed plants/kloc-.

Although the plant species are not rich, the advantages of local endemic species are very obvious.

Blue sky, white clouds and endless grasslands are dotted with yurts.

This is a rare unpolluted Inner Mongolia prairie in the world.

In Inner Mongolia, you can get in touch with grassland people, experience grassland culture and feel ethnic customs.

There are more fascinating ancient legends and many mysterious places in this place where Genghis Khan once galloped.

"Oriental Myth" of Europeans —— Capital of Yuan Dynasty

More than 700 years ago, Mongolian aristocrats established a capital on the grassland, which was later the capital of the Yuan Dynasty-Yuanshangdu.

After several expansions, Yuanshangdu gradually became the political, economic, military and cultural center of China and even the world at that time.

Every year from early summer to late autumn, the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty come here to enjoy the cool, hunt and handle government affairs, and the envoys, princes and businessmen from all countries who come to pilgrimage gather here, making it an international metropolis that affects Asia and Europe.

Kyle Poirot and his son were summoned by Kublai Khan here.

"Marco Polo Travels" records that "the capital was built by Kublai Khan, and the palace built with marble and all kinds of beautiful stones is exquisitely designed and luxuriously decorated, which is amazing.

All the halls and rooms in the palace are richly decorated with gold.

Yuan Shangdu was therefore called "Oriental Myth" by Europeans.

Chinese culture in the Central Plains and Mongolian culture in the north are perfectly combined here.

* * * The designed capital has reasonable layout, excellent site selection and reasonable garrison design.

An expert who specializes in studying the Shangdu site in Yuan Dynasty said that it not only embodies the traditional urban layout concept of Han nationality, but also considers the characteristics of Mongolian nomadic life, so it is a grassland city with nomadic cultural characteristics.

Rare glacier stone forest

When the remaining veins of Daxing 'anling Mountains transited to the western grassland, magmatic activity, glacier movement and natural wind erosion finally formed a rare granite stone forest in the world-Ashatu granite stone forest in Hexigten Banner.

I haven't seen enough of the scenery composed of silver-white birch trees and patches of grass, and suddenly many stone pillars stand on the flat grass.

Or in small groups, or alone.

Lying camel, arrow stone, horse pole tied, and the woman looking at the moon, the natural nature and the imagination of future generations have become various unique landscapes.

The stone forest here is made of hard granite, which looks like a thousand layers of cakes from a distance.

Mortar is distributed at the top of the stone forest, which is the first discovery at home and abroad.

While attracting many tourists, it has also become a rare scientific research material for studying the changes of paleogeology and paleogeomorphology.

People here say that we can often see wild roe deer, antelopes, deer and wolves now because there are few people and the forest area is large.

After the rain, it is also interesting to pick mushrooms or look for wild antlers in the Woods.

At the end of the speech, the local people pointed to the distant mountain and said that it was the famous Daxinganling Mountains.

Genghis Khan's "God-given Stone"

Bahrain Stone is a specialty of Bahrain Right Banner, with pure and moist texture and rich and gorgeous colors. It is known as one of the "Four Yin Shi in China".

Among them, bahrain bloodstone is one of the best. Its texture is warm and solid, and the stone is stained with "blood". It is beautiful and radiant, just like a rosy cloud reflecting the moon, which is the icing on the cake.

It is a rare stone appreciation, carving and collection.

According to legend, Genghis Khan presented a Balin stone bowl to his subordinates at the celebration banquet of unifying Mongolian ministries. Khan filled the wine, raised his glasses frequently, and kept praising: "the stone from heaven!" " .

If you are interested, in Inner Mongolia, you can also ride a camel leisurely in the desert or race horses on the grassland.

Inner Mongolia prairie has no noise of the city, only the vastness and tranquility of the grassland.