Three scientists shared the 20021Nobel Prize in Physics.

Goran Hanson, Permanent Secretary of the Science Department of the Royal Swedish Academy, announced the winners and main achievements in the conference hall of the Science Department of the Royal Swedish Academy that day. He said that the winners made "groundbreaking contributions" to understanding complex physical systems.

The Swedish Academy of Royal Sciences said in a press release published on the same day that the three winners were awarded for their research on "chaos and obvious random phenomena". The earth's climate is a very important complex system for human beings. The complex system is characterized by randomness and disorder, which is difficult to understand, but the three winners have developed new methods to describe and predict their long-term behavior.

According to the communique, in the 1960 s, Shuro Makoto led the development of a physical model of the earth's climate, showing how the increase of carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere led to the increase of the earth's surface temperature. About 10 years later, Hasselman created a model linking weather and climate, thus answering the question of why the climate model is still reliable under changeable and chaotic weather. His method has been used to prove that the increase of atmospheric temperature is caused by carbon dioxide emitted by human activities. The research results of Makoto Xiulang and Hasselman laid the foundation for "understanding the earth's climate and how human beings affect it".

Parisi won the prize for his revolutionary contributions to the theory of disordered materials and stochastic processes. According to the communique, around 1980, he discovered hidden patterns in disordered complex materials, which is one of the most important contributions to the theory of complex systems. These achievements make it possible to understand and describe many different and apparently completely random materials and phenomena, and have been applied to many fields other than physics, such as mathematics, biology, neuroscience and machine learning.

Parisi said in a telephone interview at a news conference that he was very happy after hearing the news, which was completely unexpected. He also stressed the importance of "immediate action" to deal with global warming.

Zhou Lang Makoto 193 1 was born in Ehime Prefecture, Japan, and is a senior meteorologist at Princeton University in the United States. Hasselman 193 1 was born in Hamburg, and is a professor at Max Planck Institute of Meteorology. Parisi was born in Rome on 1948 and worked in the University of Rome.

Three scientists will share the prize of100000 Swedish kronor (about1150000 US dollars), parisi will get half of the prize, and Shu Lang Zhenguo and Hasselman will share the other half.