What is the definition of agricultural information network terms?

Information technology refers to the technology of obtaining, processing, transmitting, storing and using information, which can expand people's information functions. 2. Information collection technology: Information collection technology refers to the technology that can effectively expand the sensing domain, sensitivity, resolution and action range of human sensory organs, including sensing, measurement, identification, remote sensing and telemetry, but at present, sensing technology, telemetry technology, remote sensing technology and global satellite positioning technology are mainly used. 3. Information transmission technology: Information transmission technology, also known as communication technology, is an extension of conducting neural network functions, including digital program-controlled switching technology, integrated service digital communication network, optical fiber communication, digital mobile communication, satellite communication, information superhighway, etc. Used to transmit information quickly, accurately and effectively. 4. Information processing technology: Information processing technology is a technology that uses computer hardware, software and digital transmission network to identify the characters, graphics and features of information, carry out information conversion and code exchange, sort out, process and generate information, and use databases and knowledge bases to realize information storage and accumulation. 5. Information control technology: The function of information control technology is to intervene the movement state and mode of external things according to the input instruction information (decision information), which is an extension of effective organ functions. It mainly includes visualization technology, man-machine interface technology, remote control technology, automatic control technology, robot technology and so on. Digital Earth is a multi-resolution, multi-scale, multi-temporal and multi-dimensional virtual earth based on Earth, geographical coordinates, computer technology, multimedia technology and mass storage technology, and connected by broadband network. Internet of Things: refers to the network that connects everything with the Internet according to the agreed protocol through information sensing equipment such as radio frequency identification, infrared induction, global positioning system and laser scanner, and carries out information exchange and communication to realize intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management. Digital agriculture: The use of digital information technology to digitally express, design, control and manage the objects and processes involved in agriculture is the expansion and deepening of digital earth theory and knowledge in the agricultural field. 6. Agricultural information technology refers to the technology that uses information technology to collect, store, transmit, process and analyze natural, economic and social information in the process of agricultural production, management and strategic decision-making, and provides information inquiry, technical consultation, decision-making assistance and automatic adjustment for agricultural researchers, producers, operators and managers.

7. Farmland climate: Farmland climate generally refers to the spatial climate within a few meters from the farmland ground, which is the spatial climate on which all kinds of animals, plants and microorganisms depend. 8. Facility agriculture: Facility agriculture refers to the method of agricultural production in a semi-closed space with facilities controlled by certain temperature and other environmental factors, which can be divided into two categories: facility cultivation and facility cultivation. Remote sensing: the theory and technology of receiving and recording electromagnetic wave information reflected or emitted by an object or phenomenon at a position far away from the measured object or phenomenon, and then transmitting, processing, processing and interpreting the information to detect and identify the properties and changes of the object or phenomenon. 9. Remote sensing technology: Remote sensing technology is a comprehensive detection technology to obtain information of various features on the earth's surface, measure and determine the attributes or characteristics of target features, and has been widely used in resource and environment investigation and monitoring, military application, urban planning and many other fields. 10. Remote sensing image processing: it is the general name of various technical methods for processing remote sensing images with the support of computer systems. 1 1. Hyperspectral remote sensing: refers to a high-precision remote sensing method that combines remote sensing imaging technology and spectral analysis technology, and obtains continuous spectral curves from surface target objects by using hundreds or even thousands of electromagnetic wave bands less than 10nm, thus forming a combination of image and spectrum. 12. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a technical system based on geospatial database, supported by computer software and hardware, and applying the theory of system engineering and information science to realize the functions of spatial data collection, management, processing, analysis, modeling and display, and provide needed information for management and decision-making. 13. Geographic information: It is a technical system based on geospatial database, supported by computer software and hardware, and using the theories of system engineering and information science to realize the functions of spatial data collection, management, processing, analysis, modeling and display, and provide the required information for management and decision-making. 14. Geographic data: refers to the general name of numbers, characters, images and graphs that represent the quantity, quality, distribution characteristics, connections and laws of elements or substances inherent in a geographical circle or geographical environment, and is a symbolic representation of the relationship between various geographical features and phenomena. 15. Digital map: It refers to geographic information which is different from traditional maps and is saved in the form of database in GIS. Model: it refers to a research method that describes the system state and operation process of the research object in the objective world with simplified, abstract and analogical representation in the form of words, graphics, images, symbols, objects and mathematical formulas.

Computer simulation model: it means that by constructing a simple mathematical abstract description model that can reflect the real objects in the physical world, the occurrence and development process of the studied objects are simulated by computer, which provides an effective tool for understanding phenomena, revealing mechanisms, discovering laws and predicting the future. 16. crop growth model: the full name is crop growth simulation model, which is a computer simulation program that can quantitatively and dynamically describe the process of crop growth and yield formation and its response to the environment. 17. virtual reality: it is to generate a three-dimensional realistic virtual environment by using three-dimensional graphics generation technology, multi-sensor interaction technology and high-resolution display technology. Users can enter the virtual space by wearing special sensing devices such as helmets and data gloves, or using input devices such as keyboards and mice to become a member of the virtual environment, and interact in real time to perceive and operate various objects in the virtual world, so as to get immersive feelings and feelings. 18. Virtual agriculture: a technical system that takes the research objects in agricultural fields (crops, livestock, poultry, fish, agricultural products market, efficient utilization of resources, etc.) as the object. ) as the core, using advanced information technology means, based on computer, to realize the interaction between the research object and environmental factors, with the purpose of variety improvement, environmental transformation, environmental adaptation and yield improvement. Its achievements should be tested by practice. 19. Artificial intelligence: refers to the technology of studying the law of human intelligence activities, using computers to construct an artificial system to simulate human thinking problems, making computers have human intelligent behaviors and realizing the automation of human mental labor. 20. Expert system is an intelligent program system with the same problem-solving ability as human experts in related fields, which can use human experts' knowledge and problem-solving methods to solve complex problems in this field. 2 1. Precision agriculture: refers to fine and precise agriculture. 22. Agricultural robot: Agricultural robot is a kind of flexible automatic or semi-automatic equipment that takes agricultural products as the operating object, has some human information perception and limb movement functions, and can be repeatedly programmed. Agricultural robots that can partially simulate human intelligence become intelligent agricultural robots. Two. Fill in the blanks with four navigation systems, including American Global Positioning System, Russian GLONASS system, European Galileo system and China Beidou system. Satellite launch bases are Jiuquan in Gansu, Taiyuan in Shanxi, Xichang in Sichuan and Wenchang in Hainan.

Information technology includes information acquisition technology, information transmission technology, information processing technology and information control technology, which correspond to the sensory organs, conducting neural networks, thinking organs and acting organs of human body respectively. 1. Information technology refers to a high-tech group that develops and utilizes information resources by means of microelectronics, computer technology and communication technology. 2. Modern sensing technology includes sensor technology, radar technology, telemetry technology and sensing technology. 3. The concept of digital earth was put forward by former US Vice President Al Gore. 4. Agricultural information technology includes agricultural database and management information system, geographic information system, agricultural remote sensing monitoring, global positioning system, agricultural decision support system, agricultural expert system, crop simulation model, agricultural information network and agricultural intelligent control technology. 5. Commonly used sensors include thermal sensor, photosensitive sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor, displacement sensor, electrochemical sensor and biosensor. 6. Data management technology has gone through three stages: manual management, file system and database system. 7. The relationship between two entities can be divided into one-to-one contact, one-to-many contact and many-to-many contact. 8. Commonly used data models include hierarchical model, grid model and relational model. 9. According to the height of remote sensing platform, remote sensing technology can be divided into ground remote sensing, aerial remote sensing and space remote sensing. 10. Agricultural disaster monitoring includes remote sensing monitoring of drought, flood and fire. 1 1. Virtual agriculture mainly includes virtual plants, virtual animals, virtual cells, virtual instruments, virtual farmland and virtual farms. Iii. short answer 1. What is generalized digital agriculture? A: "Digital agriculture" in a broad sense, that is, agricultural informatization, refers to the use of digital earth technology to realize the digitalization, networking, automation and intelligence of agricultural elements (biological elements, environmental elements, technical elements, socio-economic elements, etc.). ) and agricultural processes (production, management, storage and transportation, circulation, etc.). ), form a digital-driven agricultural production management system. It is an all-round digital agriculture for each subsystem and each process (biology, environment and economy) of agriculture (planting, aquaculture, aquaculture and forestry). It is necessary to realize the digital and networked management of various agricultural departments (production, scientific research, education, administration, processing, circulation, service, etc.). ) .2. What is digital agriculture in a narrow sense? A: The narrow sense of "digital agriculture", that is, precision agriculture or precision agriculture, refers to the organic combination of high and new technologies such as remote sensing, geographic information system, global positioning system, computer technology, communication and network technology and automation technology with basic disciplines such as geography, agronomy, ecology, plant physiology and soil science. And real-time monitoring of crops and soil from macro to micro in the process of agricultural production. In order to realize the regular information collection of crop growth, development status, diseases and pests, water and fertilizer status and the corresponding environment, a dynamic spatial information system is generated to simulate the phenomena and processes in agricultural production, so as to achieve the purposes of rational utilization of agricultural resources, reducing production costs, improving ecological environment and improving crop products and quality.

3. What are the main contents of digital agriculture? A: The contents of digital agricultural technology mainly include digital informatization of agricultural elements (biological elements, environmental elements, technical elements and socio-economic elements), digital informatization of agricultural process (digital implementation and digital design) and digital informatization of agricultural management. Its essence is to take information technology as an important factor in developing agricultural productivity, introduce the ideas of industrial controllable production and computer-aided design into agriculture, and realize the digital design, visual expression and intelligent control of agricultural production, agricultural product processing, storage and transportation, circulation and market distribution, information service and agricultural resources and environment through the integration of computers, spatial information technology, network communication, electronic engineering technology and agricultural machinery, so as to make agriculture develop according to human needs. 4. What is the essence and core of digital agriculture? A: Its essence is to take information technology as an important factor in developing agricultural productivity, and introduce the ideas of industrial controllable production and computer-aided design into agriculture. Through the integration of computer, spatial information technology, network communication, electronic engineering technology and agricultural machinery, the digital design, visual expression and intelligent control of agricultural production, agricultural product processing, storage and transportation, circulation and market distribution, information service, agricultural resources and environment can be realized, so that agriculture can develop according to human needs. The core of digital agriculture is to deal with agricultural problems digitally and uniformly, develop agricultural information resources to the maximum extent, and integrate and share agricultural information. 5. What are the basic functions of the data acquisition management system? Answer: The data acquisition management system has the following basic functions: (1) clock function. The clock is the center of the automatic operation of the system, and the timing acquisition and time sharing operation of the system are carried out according to the beat of the clock. (2) Information collection function. Can be timely acquisition, real-time acquisition; Single acquisition, multiple acquisition. (3) Data processing function. Including data preprocessing and data secondary processing, the former refers to digital filtering, A/D conversion, scale conversion, linearization processing and so on. And the latter refers to data manipulation, data conversion, graphics processing, etc. (4) Data storage function. It can store real-time collected data and historical data. (5) Control function. It can adjust the field environment and realize the automation of production management. (6) Self-diagnosis function. It can realize self-diagnosis functions such as system overrun alarm, state self-check and automatic reset. (7) Information output function. You can easily exchange information with the outside world, such as graphic display, report printing, hard copy and so on. At present, data acquisition and management system can be divided into centralized data acquisition and processing system, distributed data acquisition and management system and distributed data acquisition and management network, which are suitable for data acquisition and management of small, medium and large systems respectively.

6. What information does farmland climate mainly collect? Answer: (1) Soil heat flux information collection (2) Air temperature information collection (3) Air humidity information collection (4) Solar radiation information collection. (5) Information collection of sunshine hours. (6) Wind speed and direction information collection. (7) Rainfall information collection. (8) Air pressure information collection. (9) Evaporation information collection. Complete the collection of climate information such as air temperature, air humidity, light radiation, ground wind speed and soil heat flux. 7. What are the characteristics of remote sensing technology compared with traditional ground survey methods? A: Compared with the traditional ground survey method, remote sensing technology has the following characteristics: (1) comprehensiveness. Remote sensing technology includes the reception, recording, transmission and processing of remote sensing information, involving electromagnetism, electromechanical instrument manufacturing, information technology and image recognition technology. (2) Macro. Remote sensing technology focuses on obtaining large-scale information of natural resources and living environment on the ground and in a certain depth, and provides services for natural resources and ecological environment management and decision-making departments. (3) timeliness. Different types of remote sensing satellites can periodically collect dynamic change information of atmosphere, ocean and land in a short time, which improves the timeliness of observation and is very important for weather forecast, fire and flood monitoring. (4) economy. Compared with the traditional manual survey method, remote sensing technology is a technology with relatively small investment and large comprehensive benefits. The economic investment benefit ratio of American Landsat is 1: 80. (5) objectivity. The electromagnetic wave characteristics of ground objects obtained by remote sensing can objectively and truly reflect the characteristics of geology, landform, soil, vegetation and hydrology, and can largely eliminate human interference. (6) limitations. Remote sensing technology uses only a few bands of electromagnetic waves, and there are still many spectrum sources to be further developed. In addition, the spatial resolution and spectral resolution of remote sensing imaging need to be further improved. 8. What are the main contents of remote sensing yield estimation? A: Estimating planting area, monitoring crop growth and forecasting crop yield are important contents of agricultural production management. Remote sensing yield estimation tool