Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather inquiry - English word formation
English word formation
1 conversion method
In English, some nouns can be used as verbs and some adjectives can be used as adverbs or verbs. This method of taking one part of speech as another without changing its form is called transformation.
1) Verbs into Nouns
Many verbs can be converted into nouns, and most of them have little change in meaning (as follows); Sometimes the meaning changes (as follows); Some use verbs and indefinite articles to form phrases to express actions (as follows). For example:
Let's go for a walk. Let's go for a walk outside.
He is a strong man. He is a strong man.
Let's go swimming.
2) Nouns are transformed into verbs
Many nouns representing objects (as shown in Figure ① below), body parts (as shown in Figure ② below) and some people's nouns (as shown in Figure ③ below) can be used as verbs to express actions, and some abstract nouns (as shown in Figure ④ below) can also be used as verbs. For example:
Have you reserved a seat on the plane? Have you reserved a seat on the plane?
Please pass me the book. Please pass me that book.
She nursed her husband back to health. She nursed him back to health.
We had lunch together. We had lunch together.
3) Adjectives are transformed into verbs.
Some adjectives can be changed into verbs. For example:
We will try our best to improve our living conditions. We should try our best to improve our living conditions.
4) Adverbs are transformed into verbs
Some adverbs can become verbs. For example:
The murder will be revealed. Evil things will eventually be revealed.
5) Adjectives are transformed into nouns
Adjectives expressing colors can often be converted into nouns (as follows); Some adjectives, such as old, young, poor, rich, sleepy, involved and so on. Used with to indicate a class of people. When the subject is used, the predicate is plural (as follows). For example:
You should wear black at the funeral. You should wear black at the funeral.
The old people in our village live a happy life. The old people in our village live a happy life.
2. Derivation method
Adding a prefix before the root or a suffix after the root to form a new word with similar or completely opposite meaning to the original word is called derivation.
1) prefix
Except for a few prefixes, prefixes generally change the meaning of words without changing the part of speech; Suffixes generally change the part of speech without changing the meaning.
(1) Disa-, IL-, IM-, In-, IR-, MIS-, Non-, UN- and so on are commonly used prefixes that express negative meanings. Adding such prefixes before words will often form new words with opposite meanings. For example:
Appearance appears → disappears.
Correct → incorrect → incorrect.
Guide and guide → mislead and guide wrongly.
Stop → keep going.
(2) Prefixes expressing other meanings are often used as a- (mostly predicative adjectives) and anti- (against; Resistance), auto- (automatic), co-(* * with), en- (make), inter- (mutual), re- (again; Again), points-(below; Second; Small), tele- (emphasizing distance), etc. For example:
Separate antigas anti-gas
Automatic chart
Cooperation, cooperation, enjoyment and happiness.
Internet Internet reuse
Subway telephone
2) Suffix
English words can form new words not only by adding prefixes, but also by adding suffixes. Suffixes usually change the part of speech of words and form other parts of speech with similar meanings; A few suffixes will also change their meanings and become new words with opposite meanings.
(1) The suffixes that make up nouns are -ence, -(e)r/ -or (a person engaged in something), -ese (a person from a certain place), -ess (female), -ful (a ...),-Ian (an expert ...) and -ist (a professional). State), -ness (natural; State),-tion(action; Process) and so on. For example:
Difference is different from → difference.
Write → Writer Writer
Japan Japan → Japan Japanese
Acting → Actress Actress
Mouth to mouth → bite at a time.
Music Music → Musicians Musicians
(2) The suffixes that make up verbs are -(e)n (mostly used after adjectives), -fy (making ...) and -ize (making ...). For example:
Width → widening → widening
Beauty → beautification and beautification
Purity → purification
Reality → realization
Organ → organization
(3) The suffix that constitutes an adjective is -al,
-able (capable), -(a)n (Chinese), -en (indicator substance after ous), -ern (directional), -ese (Chinese), -ful, -(ic)al, -ish, -ive, -less (negative),-for example:
Natural natural → natural natural
Reason makes sense → reason makes sense.
America America → America America
China, China → People in China, China
Gold gold → gold gold
East → East
Children children → childish
Snow → snow
(4) The commonly used suffixes of adverbs are -ly (mainly used after adjectives to indicate the way or degree) and -ward(s) (mainly used after words indicating the direction). For example:
Anger → Anger → Anger
In the direction of …, in the direction of ….
Dongdong → Dongdong
(5) The suffixes of numerals are -teen (decimal), -ty (decimal) and -th (ordinal). For example:
66 → 166 → 166
44 → 440 → 440
3. Synthesis method
1) synthetic nouns
Examples of word formation
Noun+noun weekend
Noun+verb dawn
Noun+Gerund Handwritten Calligraphy
Noun+transitive verb +er/or painkiller
Noun+preposition+noun editor-in-chief
Pronoun+noun she-wolf female wolf
Verb+noun typewriter typewriter
Gerund+noun reading room reading room
Now participle+noun flying fish flying fish
Adjective+noun gentleman
Adverb+verb outbreak
Preposition+noun afternoon
2) Synthetic adjectives
Noun+adjective snow-white
english-speaking
Nouns++to++Nouns Face to Face
Noun+past participle artificial
Number+noun unidirectional unidirectional unidirectional
Numbers+nouns+adjectives Two years old.
Number+Noun +EDF Five Layers and Five Layers
Verb+adverb transparent
Adjective+noun advanced advanced advanced
Adjective+noun+noble thought noble
Adjective+adjective light blue light blue
Adjective+present participle looks good.
Adverb+adjective evergreen
Adverb+present participle industrious
Adverb+past participle is well known.
Fast food specializes in fast food service
Preposition+noun downhill downhill
3) Synthetic verbs
Noun+verb sleep-walking sleepwalking
Adjective+verb whitewash paint
Adverb+verb overthrow
4) Synthetic adverbs
In a hurry
Adjectives and adverbs are everywhere.
Adverb+inverse adverb.
Preposition+noun first
Preposition+adverb forever and ever
5) Synthetic pronouns
Pronouns accusative +self her self
Master pronoun myself
Adjective+noun anything
6) Synthetic prepositions
Adverb+noun in it ...
Preposition+adverb within is within.
Adverb+preposition enters the entry
4. Truncation (abbreviation)
Truncation means that the abbreviation, meaning and part of speech of words remain unchanged, mainly in the form of truncation, truncation and truncation.
1) is truncated.
Telephone → telephone
Aircraft → aircraft
Comprehensive → bus
2) Tailing
Mathematics → mathematics
Cooperation → cooperation
Examination → examination
Kg → kg
Laboratory → laboratory
Taxi → taxi
3) truncation
Influenza → flu
Refrigerator → refrigerator
Prescription → script
5. Mixing method (mixing method)
Mixing method, that is, mixing two words or taking parts of each to make a new word. The second half represents the subject; The first half represents attributes.
News broadcast → news broadcast
Television broadcast → television broadcast
Smoke and fog → smoke
Heliport → Heliport
6. acronyms
Abbreviation, that is, to form a new word with the first letter and the last letter of the word. There are two main pronunciation forms, that is, each letter is pronounced separately; As the pronunciation of words.
Very important person →VIP (reading alphabetic sounds) VIP; big shot
TV → TV (reading letters and sounds) TV
English as a foreign language test → TOEFL TOEFL
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
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