High-yielding cultivation techniques of edamame in greenhouses in early spring

1. Variety selection

Choose early-maturing varieties that are not strict with sunlight and are easy to form pods. Jinan’s local variety of large-grained soybeans is suitable for cultivation in warm-winter greenhouses in early spring. The plant height of this variety is about 65cm. , with large pods, large and round grains, and a growth period of 80 days.

2. Preparing the soil carefully and applying sufficient base fertilizer

Greenhouse cultivation of edamame has a high yield and requires a large amount of fertilizer. Sufficient base fertilizer should be applied. Generally, 2000kg of fully decomposed chicken manure and superphosphoric acid should be applied per acre. 30kg of calcium, 25kg of potassium sulfate, plow 30cm deep after broadcasting, rake finely and level, and then make ridges with a ridge width of 30cm, a height of 15cm, and a ridge spacing of 60cm.

3. Sow seeds at the right time and plant them appropriately and closely

Sow seeds in late February and produce bulk products before May 1. The regeneration ability of edamame roots is very weak, so holes should be dug on the ridges for direct seeding. The utilization rate of light energy can be improved through proper dense planting and the number of pods per unit area can be increased. Generally, the distance between holes is 10-20cm, and 2-3 seeds are sown in each hole. When sowing, the bottom of the hole should be flat, the seeds should be dispersed, and the covering soil should not be too deep. It is appropriate to cover the soil with 2-3cm of fine soil. The seeding rate per acre is 5-8kg. After sowing, cover with mulch to increase temperature and moisture and promote seedling emergence. When the top of the cotyledons is soiled, seedlings are introduced through the membrane-broken holes.

4. Fine management and scientific top dressing

1. Temperature After sowing, the day temperature in the shed should be maintained at 25℃-30℃, and the night temperature should be kept above 15℃ to promote the rapid emergence of seedlings. After emergence, lower the temperature to 20℃-25℃ during the day and 12℃-15℃ at night to promote flower bud differentiation. The suitable day temperature during the flowering period is 20℃-28℃. High temperatures above 30℃ should be avoided. Otherwise, there will be less flowering and the flowering period will be extended. The night temperature is about 15℃ and cannot be lower than 12℃. During the pod-bearing period, the temperature should be appropriately lowered, with day temperature between 20°C and 25°C and night temperature above 15°C.

2. Apply sufficient water when sowing fertilizer and water, and generally do not water before emergence. When the seedling stage is very dry, you can pour small amounts of water to promote root development. When two true leaves appear on the seedlings, apply 10kg of N, P, and K compound fertilizer per acre for the first top dressing. The flowering and pod-bearing stage requires a lot of water, so water frequently to keep the soil moist. During the pod-bearing period, the second top dressing is carried out in combination with watering, with 15-20kg of N, P and K compound fertilizers per mu. During the pod-forming and grain-forming stage, use 200-300g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 500g of urea per acre to 50kg of water, and topdress the roots twice to promote grain enlargement.

3. Topping during the flowering period can inhibit excessive growth, prevent lodging, and promote early maturity. Topping is usually carried out immediately after the flowers bloom. Just remove 1-2cm from the tip of the main stem.

5. Pick at the right time and put on the market in batches

The green pods of greenhouse-grown edamame can be picked 80-90 days after sowing and supplied to the market. The picking criteria are: the pods are fully grown, the beans are plump and bulging, and the pod color changes from dark green to light yellow-green. If picked at the right time, the beans will have high sugar content and good quality; if picked too early, there will be more shriveled beans, and the yield and quality will decrease; if they are picked too late, the beans will become hard, with less sugar and less flavor. When picking bean pods, do not uproot the whole plant at once. Pick in batches in the field. The picked green bean pods should be stored in a cool place to keep them fresh and tender and increase profits.