Why does lightning shake the whole building, and so do the doors?

Why does lightning shake the whole building? The sound waves of thunder are very strong.

Sound waves hit the building, causing the building to vibrate, and the things in the building will also vibrate.

Why thunder and lightning! When dust, ice crystals and other substances in the air roll in the cloud, they are positively charged and negatively charged through some complicated processes. After exercise, heavier substances with the same charge will reach the lower part of the cloud (generally negative charge), and lighter substances with the same charge will reach the upper part of the cloud (generally positive charge). In this way, the collection of charges of the same sex forms some charge centers. When the air between the charged centers of the opposite sex is broken down by its strong electric field, "cloud discharge" (that is, lightning) is formed.

When negatively charged clouds approach the ground downwards, the protrusions and metals on the ground will be induced to be positively charged. With the gradual enhancement of the electric field, Lei Yun will form a downward guide, and objects on the ground will form an upward flashover. When they meet, they will form a discharge to the ground. This is easy to cause lightning disasters.

Lightning is formed in the process of atmospheric movement, which is caused by intense triboelectricity and the cutting of magnetic lines by clouds.

The most common shape of lightning is dendritic, in addition to spherical, flaky and banded. The forms of lightning are cloud lightning, cloud lightning and cloud lightning. When lightning strikes between clouds, the friction between clouds forms lightning.

The formation of thunderstorm clouds

People usually call lightning clouds Lei Yun. In fact, several kinds of clouds are related to lightning, such as stratocumulus, nimbostratus, cumulonimbus, cumulonimbus, and the most important one is cumulonimbus. Lei Yun in general professional books refers to cumulonimbus clouds.

The process of cloud formation is a process in which water vapor in the air reaches saturation or supersaturation through various reasons and condenses. Water vapor saturation in the air is a necessary condition for cloud formation. The main ways are as follows:

(1) The water vapor content is unchanged, and the air is cooled;

(2) keeping the temperature constant and increasing the water vapor content;

(3) Not only the water vapor content is increased, but also the temperature is reduced.

But for the formation of clouds, the cooling process is the most important process. In the process of cooling, the cooling effect brought by ascending movement is the most common.

Cumulonimbus cloud is a kind of cloud formed in the process of strong vertical convection. Because the ground absorbs much more solar radiation heat than the air layer, the ground temperature rises more during the day, especially in summer. Therefore, due to heat conduction and heat radiation, the atmospheric temperature near the ground rises, the gas temperature inevitably expands, the density decreases, and the pressure also decreases. According to the principle of mechanics, it will rise, and the density of the air layer above it is relatively high, and it will sink. In the rising process, the hot airflow expands and depressurizes, and at the same time, it exchanges heat with the high-altitude low-temperature air, so the water vapor in the rising air mass condenses, and water droplets appear, forming clouds. In the process of strong convection, the fog droplets in the cloud further cool down and become supercooled water droplets, ice crystals or snowflakes, and gradually increase with the height. At the freezing height (-10℃), due to the latent heat released by the freezing of supercooled water, the cloud top suddenly develops upward and spreads horizontally near the tropopause, forming a cloud anvil, which is a remarkable feature of cumulonimbus clouds.

In the process of cumulonimbus cloud formation, positive and negative charges are accumulated in different parts of the cloud under the simultaneous action of atmospheric electric field, temperature difference electrification effect and debris electrification effect. When the charge accumulates to a certain extent, it will discharge between clouds or between clouds and the ground, which is what people usually call "lightning".

Lightning has brought great disasters to human society with its great destructive power, especially in recent years, lightning disasters have occurred frequently, and the harm to the national economy has become increasingly serious. It is necessary to strengthen the awareness of lightning protection, actively cooperate with meteorological departments, do a good job of prevention, and minimize the losses caused by lightning.

Because of the friction between clouds, lightning is caused.

Lightning in thunderstorm season is the same as the ionization and breakdown of insulating materials in high voltage electric field. In thunderstorm weather, the high-voltage electric field formed by charged clouds is very strong. Usually, this is the case when charged clouds discharge to the earth. Clouds have a high potential in the positively charged region, while the earth has a low potential in the negatively charged region. Air is originally non-conductive, but under the action of strong electric field force, the outermost electrons of gas nucleus will be excited by electric field force to make a transition and form charged ions. The atoms that gain electrons are called negative ions, and the atoms that lose electrons are called positive ions. Under the action of electric field force, charged ions can form electron flow. In addition, the electrons of the insulator are strongly influenced by the gravitational field of the nucleus, which can also be called the binding force of the nucleus on the electrons. In the general external electric field, the peripheral electrons are in a large inert state, and it is difficult to excite the orbit to become charged ions. If the applied electric field force exceeds the binding force of its insulator to the electron, that is, the excited state of the electron, then its insulator will form what we often call a breakdown state and participate in conduction. Among natural substances, natural mica is the most conductive inert substance, followed by glass, ceramics, plastics and so on. Air is a general insulating medium, and the free inertia of electrons around the nucleus of pure single gas is also very strong. However, the composition of space gas is not pure, and it is also doped with other material particles or water molecules, which is easy to form ionic States formed under low electric field. Dielectric breakdown ionization conduction is a common technical term in electrotechnics. In the face of the strong electric field formed in nature, the insulating medium formed by space gas is insignificant, and the voltage field of hundreds of millions of volts can easily excite electrons outside the gas core to become charged ions to participate in conduction. The breakdown of insulating medium is the ionic state of insulating substance, and the arc discharge phenomenon formed by high-voltage electric field is the optical radiation produced by the energy release formed after the electrons outside the core of insulating medium are excited freely.

Lightning is a plasma conduction state formed by the extranuclear electrons of space gas excited by electric field, accompanied by optical radiation and thermal effect. Due to the action of light and thermal radiation, the temperature of the surrounding air rises sharply, leading to thermal expansion, which in turn pushes the air to form a shock wave, that is, the sound of thunderstorm we hear. The greater the concentration of water molecules in the air, the more impurities there are, the greater the possibility of breakdown ionization by high-voltage electric field, and the higher the probability and intensity of lightning strike. The intensity of lightning electric field has two factors. First, the light radiation intensity of lightning and the decibel coefficient of thunderstorm are also related to the electric field intensity. The closer the charged cloud is to the ground, the greater the electric field intensity. Secondly, the greater the charge of the charged cloud, the higher the electric field intensity, and the electric field intensity is also related to the speed of charge accumulation. The duration of electric field discharge is also related to the speed of cloud charge accumulation, which is what we usually call the range of lightning duration and brightness.

Thunderstorm lightning between clouds belongs to a strong high-voltage electric field composed of positive and negative charges between clouds. Under the action of electric field force, the light radiation and air shock wave effect produced by the collision of positive and negative charges formed after gas breakdown are similar to the phenomenon of positively charged cloud-to-ground discharge. The more cloud charges accumulate, the greater the high-voltage electrostatic field force, the stronger the lightning radiation intensity and the decibel coefficient of thunderstorm shock wave sound. Usually we can judge the energy of lightning from the glow intensity of lightning and the decibel coefficient of thunderstorm sound. At the same distance, the stronger the glow of lightning, the greater the thermal radiation energy and the higher the magnetoelectric induction to metal conductors. The spectrum emitted by lightning is in the range of ultraviolet to infrared, and it will also destroy power and communication equipment, forming a natural lightning disaster with strong magnetic field radiation. In view of the mechanism of lightning formation, we humans are still exploring, and it is difficult to crack the formation factors of spherical lightning. Why does the high-temperature floating state formed by charged ions in spherical minerals last for a long time? Is it a substance that produces continuous miniature nuclear fusion under the action of strong electric field force? In a word, there are still many unknown problems to be solved in many aspects of lightning formation. It is believed that with the continuous progress of science, people will constantly attack the forbidden zone of nature and discover many unknown quantities in our nature.

Why does it thunder and lightning in winter?

It thunders in winter, but the chance is very small.

Lightning usually occurs in strong convective weather, such as convective rain in tropical rain forest climate zone and summer afternoon in China, typhoon rain on the east coast of low latitude mainland, etc. These weather are often accompanied by lightning.

The place with the most thunderstorms in the world is Bogor (tropical rain forest climate) in Java, Indonesia, where there are about 322 thunderstorm days on average every year, which is called "the world's thunder capital".

Strong convective weather requires warm and humid air to rise rapidly. In summer, the temperature near the ground tends to rise rapidly, so there are often strong convective weather-thunderstorms.

There is little chance of strong convective weather in winter, but sometimes the strong cold air goes south, which will also make the warm and humid air near the ground rise rapidly in some areas. At this time, it is normal to have snowstorms and lightning.

2. (tied. it doesn't matter if you look at that)

It is indeed a rare weather phenomenon, but it is also a normal phenomenon, which was formed and appeared under certain climatic conditions.

According to meteorologists, on the night of June 5438+065438+1October 9, the temperature in North China was cold, which made it possible for it to snow. When the warm and humid airflow from the south meets the cold air from the north, the warm and humid airflow rises violently along the low-level cold air, forming strong convection and forming thunderstorm cumulonimbus clouds. The ice crystals in the cloud are charged and discharged, so there is a snowy weather.

three ..

Meteorologists comment on the phenomenon of "thunder in winter"

Wen Tian com

Thunder in winter, commonly known as "thunder in winter", did not appear this year. In recent years, it has occurred in many parts of the country.

Yao, deputy director of the Central Meteorological Observatory, said that the formation of lightning should meet certain conditions, that is, there should be enough water vapor in the air, the power to make warm and humid air rise, and the air should be able to produce strong convection. Why is there much lightning in spring and summer?

This is because the warm and humid airflow is active, the air is humid, and at the same time, the solar radiation is strong, and the air near the ground is constantly heated up, forming a strong convection up and down, which is prone to lightning. Winter is controlled by continental cold air mass, the air is cold and dry, the solar radiation is weak, the air is not easy to form violent convection, and lightning rarely occurs. However, when the strong warm and humid air flows northward and the cold air is forced to rise, it will also produce strong convection and reach a certain intensity.

Yao believes that the occurrence of thunderstorms does not depend on the temperature itself, but on the upper and lower distribution of the temperature. The precipitation in winter is not strong convective precipitation, which is relatively stable, but if the temperature difference between the upper and lower reaches a certain value, it can also form strong convective precipitation and produce thunderstorms. Because the lower air is relatively warm and humid, it will produce buoyancy and destroy the stability of the atmosphere.

In the first ten days of June this year, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other places were affected by unusually strong warm and humid airflow, and strong cold air moved south, forcing the warm and humid air in the lower layer to rise, creating strong convection, which created conditions for the formation of lightning. The night before "beginning of winter", "Winter Thunder" appeared. Such weather is rare in Beijing and other places, but in Toronto, Canada.

Why does lightning cut off power? This is because lightning caused the high-voltage switch to trip, resulting in a complete power outage in your street. Generally, high-voltage lines will not automatically cut off before thunder.

Lightning electromagnetic radiation The skyelectric waveform caused by a lightning process in a short range (tens of kilometers) has typical shapes in different frequency bands. Its main feature is that there are a series of steps in the extremely low frequency band, which correspond to the return stroke and the K process respectively (the recoil current process generated when the lightning leader encounters different charge concentration areas during the traveling process is similar to that of the return stroke, but the intensity is about one order of magnitude weaker). The gradual change between the steps corresponds to the continuous current recovered after the return stroke in the lightning channel, which lasts for tens of milliseconds and the current intensity is several hundred amperes. In the very low frequency and low frequency band, it shows dense pulses corresponding to the pilot and strong split pulses corresponding to the backhaul and K process. In the intermediate frequency, high frequency, very high frequency and ultra-high frequency bands, it shows a dense pulse sequence, with only a small gap after the return trip and K process.

Why did lightning appear before the earthquake? Lightning is a weather phenomenon and earthquake is a geological phenomenon. There will be no lightning before the earthquake.

But before many earthquakes, there were flashes and rumbles, which were not thunder, but the phenomena of earth light and earth sound, also known as earthquake light and earthquake sound.

Ground light is light that appears in areas affected by earthquakes. The most obvious phenomenon in the earthquake process is the ground light phenomenon. Most of the time when the ground light appeared coincided with the earthquake, and there were also witness records before and after the earthquake.

It is generally believed that the phenomenon of terrestrial light is a violent low-level atmospheric oscillation during an earthquake. This oscillation enhances atmospheric ionization and increases electrical conductivity. If there is a natural electric field on the ground at this time (this electric field can be generated by piezoelectric effect), then a large-scale discharge will occur into the air, making the ground light flicker. Some people also use the theory of piezoelectric effect to explain the terrestrial light, that is, the sudden change of stress in the stratum produces a piezoelectric electric field inside the rock (especially the rock containing time). When the electric field is strong enough, it can cause lightning-like low-altitude discharge and produce terrestrial light.

Earthquakes are the sounds produced when earthquake energy is released and spread in the air. When an earthquake occurs, part of the seismic wave energy is transmitted into the air and becomes sound waves. Earthquakes mostly occur within minutes to hours before earthquakes. At this time, although the earthquake has not yet occurred, the stress release in the strata has begun, and the strata have been slightly deformed and fractured. The energy released by this deformation and crushing may be transferred to the surface, and the air will form low-frequency to medium-frequency vibration to form sound.

Ground light and ground sound are easily confused with lightning.

Why not thunder and lightning in winter? In summer, when the temperature is high and the air moves strongly, it is easy to produce friction, which will produce current, that is, lightning. The temperature is low in winter, so it is not easy to produce lightning.

I hope I can help you ~

Why the lights of the whole building are on when lightning strikes, indicating that the sound will produce shock waves. The lines of the whole building are the same, so the effect of shock wave action is basically the same, so they are all lit up.