What is the battle of Ningyuan, sweating and dying in the sky?

Nurhachi moved the capital of the late Jin Dynasty from Liaoyang to Shenyang and built Shengjing Palace, which opened a new important period in the late Jin Dynasty and even in history of qing dynasty, and also opened a new page in the history of Shenyang's urban development. However, just over a year after moving to the capital, Nurhachi was defeated in the battle of Ningyuan, and he soon died with regret, leaving a dynasty that was still in a difficult stage of entrepreneurship.

Nurhachi occupied Liaoyang and Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning Province, in the sixth year of Destiny (162 1). The seven-year mandate of heaven (1622) captured Guangning in one fell swoop. Since then, the east and west sides of Liaohe River have been under the rule of the late Jin Dynasty, and Tokyo City was established soon. Ten years of destiny (1625), he moved the capital to Shenyang in March and began to transform Shenyang City and build palaces.

In August of the tenth year of destiny, "soldiers from Ningyuan and Shanhaiguan of the Ming Dynasty came to attack Yaozhou City at night". Although Yaozhou was not strong, the Ming army failed to capture it, failed at dawn, and was pursued by the late Jin army. Nurhachi won "670 horses, armor and all kinds of trophies", kowtowed to Tangzi, went out of the city ten miles to kill cattle, welcomed meritorious officers and soldiers and rewarded them.

In the 11th year of the mandate of heaven (1626), in the first month, Nurhachi led the armies of Baylor, the kings, and declared "crossing Liao on the 17th and stationing troops in the wilderness. South to the coast, north to Guangning Road, endless and unpredictable, with flags and swords like forests. " Ming Youtun garrison commander Zhou Shoulian, Jinzhou guerrillas, Zhongjun commander, Songshan commander Lu Zhong, Mao Fengyi, Zhongjun, Daling River, Xingshan, Lianshan and Tashan all burned down their houses and left, but 8 cities were captured without fighting. On the 23rd, Nurhachi led a great army to "cross the city for five miles to Ningyuan, camp across the mountain and sea roads" and "March in the wild" and enter Ningyuan's "outer city". He first sent the captured Han Chinese to Ningyuan and said, "I will attack this city with 200,000 soldiers, and this city will be broken. If all officials surrender, they will be awarded a high rank. " Yuan Chonghuan, who was stationed at Ningyuan Road at that time, solemnly replied: "Why did Khan suddenly send more troops?" The city of Ningjin was abandoned by Khan. I want to build it. I want to stick to my righteousness. There is no reason to reduce it. He also said that two hundred thousand soldiers were empty. I have about130 thousand, and I don't treat you as a widow! "Yuan Chonghuan led the defenders and fought bravely against the massive attack of the Eight Banners Army. The Ming army held its ground and cleared the outer city, so that the Eight Banners Army entered the artillery bombardment range. " Baby City held on, guns and medicine cans fell under Shi Qi ",which dealt a heavy blow to the offensive of the officers and men of the Eight Banners. When the battle entered a critical stage, the Ming army "threw grain, grass, oil and cotton from the city and hit countless times." After the fire, it caused a "big explosion of ground artillery", and "the earth and stone all started, and the Hu people were seen in the fire, and countless people flew in the air. "At that time, the Ming army guarding the city was equipped with the latest red artillery. Although the Eight Banners Army is brave and good at fighting, it is difficult to win against powerful artillery with knives, bows and arrows. So, after several days of fierce fighting, Nurhachi "retreated" to Ningyuan Outer City, with heavy casualties. Records of Manchuria also admitted that because Yuan Chonghuan, Mangui and Zu Dashou "stuck to the baby city", "Manchurian soldiers could not enter" and "could not be defeated, but could retreat", and "on the second day after the siege, two guerrillas were defeated and two imperial soldiers were prepared, with 500 soldiers".

Portrait of Nurhachi

Nurhachi fought this time, led the troops to pour out the country, pushed forward, besieged Ningyuan, and was determined to conquer it. However, contrary to expectations, the siege stormed and the soldiers were defeated at the gates. This is the worst failure in his 44-year military career. Nurhachi led an army to Youtunwei on the 27th, set fire to the grain and grass on the chariot, and returned to Shenyang with the trend of "no return". On the way home, he lamented: "I have been invincible since I was twenty-five, but Ningyuan can't keep a city!" " Battle-hardened, invincible destiny Khan, even at the beginning of the war, he lost to Yuan Chonghuan, who fought alone in Baby City! Nurhachi suffered from pain, anxiety, depressed liver, accumulated anger and became ill, and carbuncle suddenly appeared on his back. He bathed in Qinghe Hot Springs on July 23rd, and on the first day of August, Pearl Baylor A Min killed cattle and burned paper to pray for God's blessing, but to no avail, he was critically ill and returned to Shenyang by boat along the Taizi River. In the eleventh year of the mandate of heaven (1626), on August 11th, Nurhachi died on his way back from Qinghe. He arrived at Laojibao, 40 miles east of Shenyang.

Destiny cloud plate

Regarding the death of Nurhachi, the old records in the Qing Dynasty recorded: "On July 23rd, the year of Bing Yin (1626), Khan went to Qinghe Hot Spring due to illness. On the first day of August, Baylor A Min was sent to return the book, accompanied by Wang Shan of Valka and Cha Cha of Sakhar, and prayed to the ancestor God, saying,' Father, your son Khan is ill. You sacrificed your father to make my son recover soon, so you still ask for help. After I recover, I will continue to sacrifice at the new moon every month. What will happen to me if I can't recover? Kill three cows, burn paper money, and sacrifice to your father according to the previous regulations. "It can be seen that Nurhachi is very ill. When he thinks of the unfinished business behind him, he can only pray to his father and mother." "A Record of Emperor Taizu of Qing Dynasty" records: "On July 23rd, the emperor was unprepared and bathed in Yiqinghe Hot Spring. At dawn on the 13th, I was going back to Beijing, so I took a boat down the Taizi River and sent someone to meet me at Hunhe River, 40 miles away from Shenyang. On August 1 1, Geng Xu collapsed before the time. He reigned eleven years and lived sixty-eight years. "It is also clear here that Nurhachi is unwilling to prepare, cultivate and gradually, which is invalid and collapsed.

Regarding the cause of death of Nurhachi, Chinese and foreign historians and folklore believe that he was wounded by a red artillery at the gate of Ningyuan, "ashamed of the defeat of Ningyuan and died of gangrene." It is recorded in the Ming Dynasty that after one shot was shot, a big leader of the late Jin Dynasty was injured, wrapped in a red blanket, and all Baylor left with tears. Who is this big boss? It may be Nurhachi, or it may be one of Baylor. However, in the battle of Ningyuan, none of Baylor's players were injured. If it was an ordinary injury, there would be no such big move, so the injured person may be Nurhachi.

Nurhachi, the high emperor of Qing Taizu, paid tribute to the treasure.

There is also circumstantial evidence: in the battle of Juehua Island, the general of the unified army was not Nurhachi, nor was he one of the four Baylor, or even the flag owner Baylor. Vonage, the leader of the army, has a low rank. Judging from this situation, Nurhachi may be shot in Ningyuan City and surrounded by Baylor. Anti-inflammatory drugs were not effective at that time. When the weather is hot in July and August, wounds are prone to suppuration and septicemia. He went to Tangquan to wash hot springs, and his condition got worse. As a result, he died on the road