Basic situation of Shandong province

Shandong province, referred to as Lu for short, is located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and on the coast of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was the land of Qi, Lu and other countries. Daqin is located in Jibei, Jiaodong, Langya and other counties, belonging to Qing, Yan and Xuzhou in Han Dynasty, east and west in Shandong Province in Jin Dynasty, and in Shandong Province in Ming Dynasty. It has jurisdiction over 2 regions, 15 prefecture-level cities, 33 county-level cities and 6 1 county. About 60 cities and counties are open to the outside world. The whole province covers an area of10.5 million square kilometers. Jinan, the provincial capital.

General situation of Shandong province

Shandong Province is an important province along the eastern coast of China, located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, bordering the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in the east, facing the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago across the sea, bordering Hebei Province in the northwest, Henan Province in the southwest and Anhui and Jiangsu provinces in the south. Shandong Peninsula is opposite to Liaodong Peninsula and surrounds Bohai Bay. Due to its special geographical location, Shandong Province has become the intersection of the Yellow River Economic Belt and the Bohai Economic Zone, and the junction of North China and East China, occupying an important position in the national economic structure.

Shandong Province is located between 34 degrees 25 minutes and 38 degrees 23 minutes north latitude and1/4 degrees 36 minutes east longitude, with the longest east-west distance of about 700 kilometers and the widest north-south distance of 420 kilometers, with a total land area of 156700 square meters.

The topography of Shandong Province is a part of the Great Plain of North China, with raised mountains in the middle, gentle hills in the east and south, and alluvial plains of the Yellow River in the north and northwest. The highest point in Shandong Province is Mount Tai in the middle, with an altitude of 1545 meters. The lowest point is the Yellow River Delta in the northeast, with an altitude of 2m to10m. Shandong province is dominated by plains and hills, and plains and basins account for about 63% of the total area of the province. Mountains and hills account for about 34%; Rivers and lakes account for about 3%.

There are more than 100 rivers in Shandong province, with the length of the main stream more than 50 kilometers, rivers and lakes criss-crossing and dense water networks. The Yellow River, known as the "mother river of the Chinese nation", runs obliquely through Shandong from southwest to northeast, with a flow of more than 6 10 kilometers, and enters the sea from Bohai Bay. The famous Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the Luxi Plain from southeast to northwest, with a total length of more than 630 kilometers. Other important rivers include Tuhai River, Ma Jiahe, yi river, Shuhe River, Dawen River, Xiaoqing River, Jiaolai River and Huaihe River. The larger lakes in Shandong are Nansi Lake and Dongping Lake. Nansi Lake consists of Weishan Lake, Zhaoyang Lake, dushan lake Lake and Nanyang Lake, with a total area of 1.375 square kilometers. It is one of the top ten freshwater lakes in China.

The main mountain ranges in Shandong Province are Taishan, Mengshan, Laoshan, Lushan, Yishan, Culai, Kunyu, Jiuding, Ai Shan, Yashan, osawa and Meng Lianggu.

Shandong province belongs to the warm temperate zone and semi-humid monsoon climate zone, with mild climate and distinct four seasons. The annual average temperature in the whole province is 1 1 degree-14 degree, the annual average precipitation is 550 mm-950 mm, and the frost-free period is more than 180 days in coastal areas and more than 220 days in inland areas.

Shandong has been one of the political, economic and cultural centers of China since ancient times. During the Xia Dynasty (2 1 century BC), Dongyi tribe was active in Shandong. The early activity center of Shang dynasty (about BC17th century-BC 1 1 century) was in southwest Shandong. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770 BC-22 BC1year), the famous Qi State and Lu State were the largest vassal states in Shandong during the Western Zhou Dynasty (about 65438 BC+0 BC1century-256 BC). Due to the great influence of the developed economy, politics and culture of Qilu in the history of China, Shandong is also called "Qilu Country" and Shandong Province is called "Lu" for short.

Shandong, as a geographical name, began in the Warring States period, when it generally referred to the area east of Taihang Mountain. The name of Shandong as an administrative region began in the Jin Dynasty (A.D.115-1234). Shandong Road was established in Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1206- 1368), and Shandong Household Department was established in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- 1644), forming the same territory as Shandong Province today, and most county names are still in use today. Shandong Province was formally established in Qing Dynasty (A.D.1616-1911), with Jinan as its seat. After the founding of New China, after several adjustments, Shandong Province has formed its present administrative divisions. Shandong Province now governs 17 cities and 139 counties, county-level cities and municipal districts.

Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, is located in the middle of Shandong Province. It is a famous historical and cultural city, and is called "Spring City" because of its numerous springs. Qingdao, located in the east of Shandong Peninsula, is a sub-provincial city, a city under separate state planning, a famous coastal city, a co-host city of water sports in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, and the "vanguard" of Shandong Province's opening to the outside world.

Shandong province has a population of 904 1 10,000, ranking second in the country. The urban population accounts for 39.2% of the total population.

Shandong is a multi-ethnic province with 39 ethnic groups. The Han population accounts for more than 90% of the total population. Among ethnic minorities, the Hui nationality has the largest population, accounting for about 95% of the total population of ethnic minorities, and the rest are Manchu, Mongolian, Korean, Zhuang, Tujia, Gaoshan, Naxi, Uygur, Bai, Li, Miao, Russian, Xibe, Buyi and Dong. In Shandong, Hui, Manchu and Mongolian have villages, towns and communities, and people live together or live together. Other ethnic groups have no fixed villages or communities, but people live together.

Shandong province is one of the coastal provinces and cities in China 10, which is located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, roughly between 34 22' 52 "north latitude and 3815' 02" (the island reaches 38 23' n), and between114 "east longitude. Located in the mid-latitude zone of the northern hemisphere, the span latitude is 3 52 ′10 ″ and the longitude is 8 23 ′ 07 ″. The widest distance between north and south is about 420 kilometers, and the longest distance between east and west is about 700 kilometers, which makes the difference between east and west of Shandong's physical geography far more obvious than that between north and south.

Shandong is bordered by the ocean in the east and the mainland in the west. The horizontal terrain is divided into peninsula and continent. Shandong Peninsula in the east stands out between the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, and faces Liaodong Peninsula across the Bohai Strait. Miaodao islands stands in the Bohai Strait, which is the dividing line between the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, and has become an important coastal defense gateway to defend the capital Beijing. The western mainland borders Hebei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu in turn from north to south.

Shandong province has a mild climate, concentrated rainfall and four distinct seasons, belonging to a warm temperate monsoon climate. The south wind prevails in summer, which is hot and rainy, and the north wind blows in winter, which is cold and dry; The weather is changeable in spring, with less rain and more dust in the morning; It's sunny and cool in autumn, and the temperature is moderate. The climate difference in the whole province is greater from east to west than from north to south.

The annual average temperature in Shandong Province 1 1℃- 14℃ decreases from south to north and from west to east. The average temperature in southwest Shandong is above 13℃, Jinan and Zaozhuang are above 14℃, and Jiaodong Peninsula and Yellow River Delta are the lowest, mostly below 12℃, or even 1 1℃. 1 month, the average temperature is-1 ~-4℃, and the average temperature in July is 24 ~ 27℃. Winter is the longest in Shandong, generally 140 ~ 165 days, followed by summer, about 72 ~ 108 days, and spring and autumn are shorter, about 50 ~ 70 days.

Shandong, as a geographical name, began in the Warring States Period more than 2000 years ago (475 BC-22 BC1year), when it generally referred to the area east of Xiaoshan or Huashan. The name of Shandong as an administrative region began in the Jin Dynasty (A.D.115-1234). Shandong Road was established in Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1206- 1368), and Chief Secretary of Shandong was established in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- 1644), forming roughly the same territory as that of Shandong Province today, and most county names are still in use today. In the Qing Dynasty (A.D.1616-1911), Shandong Province was formally established, with Jinan as its seat. After the founding of New China, after several adjustments, Shandong Province has formed its present administrative divisions.

Shandong Province now governs 17 cities and 139 counties, cities and districts. Among them, there are 0/5 prefecture-level cities, 2 regions, 33 county-level cities, 45 municipal districts and 6 counties. Shandong province has a population of more than 87.8 million, second only to Henan province.

Shandong's humanistic tourism resources are numerous and peculiar, with a long history and profound cultural accumulation. China has been a culturally developed area since ancient times. Shandong has many cultural relics and beautiful mountains and rivers, which constitute a unique tourist landscape. There are 1 world cultural and natural heritage-Mount Tai, 1 world cultural heritage-Confucius House/Confucius Temple/Konglin, and three national key scenic spots-Mount Tai in Tai 'an, Laoshan Mountain in Qingdao and the seashore of Jiaodong Peninsula. There are 4 key cultural relics protection units at all levels107, including 27 national, 397 provincial and 4 historical and cultural cities107, including 6 national. There are more than 600,000 cultural relics in the collection.

Nearly a thousand tourist attractions in the province have basically formed six major tourist areas: Jinan, Tai 'an and Qufu, which extend to Zoucheng as a "landscape saint" tourist area (Qufu Holy Land Tour); A seaside tourist area integrating Qingdao, Yantai and Weihai; A folk tourist area with Weifang as the center and kites, Yangjiabu woodblock New Year pictures and folk customs as the main body; Qi cultural tourist area with Zibo Qi ancient city, Liemakeng and Pu Songling's former residence as the main body; Dongying Yellow River Estuary Tourist Area is characterized by the wonders and original features of the Yellow River entering the sea; A "Water Margin" tourist route with the story of Water Margin as the main line and Liangshan and Yanggu as the focus. Shandong has also launched tourism festivals such as Qufu International Confucius Culture Festival, Weifang International Kite Club and Taishan International Mountaineering Festival, and launched more than 30 special tourism activities such as Confucius Culture Tour, Confucius Hometown Tour, Qilu Folk Tour, Calligraphy Tour, Cooking Tour and Fishing Tour.