Chongqing Hechuan Fishing City-Chihiro Cliff Ancient Battlefield

Yuzhen was originally Yushan, located 5 kilometers south of Jialing River in Hechuan District, Chongqing. Under the strong recommendation of Chongqing sister Cheng, regardless of the hesitation of soaking wet and worrying about inconvenience, she resolutely set off by car to find the ancient battlefield.

Two cars have arrived at the parking lot of Fishing City Scenic Area. ? The tour guides have all been sent out, so we can only rent intelligent tour guides. We go to a scenic spot, and it will automatically introduce the content.

This is the teaching field of the old military camp. On the southeast side of the teaching field, there are several ancient military camps in the villa. This ancient military camp was the garrison of the former fishing village. In the second year of Xiangxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1279), after Wang Li opened the city, the resplendent square and a military camp were burned by the Yuan army, and then they were abandoned for more than seven centuries, leaving only a vague remnant. 1987 to 1989, the state allocated special funds to level the site and repair some barracks.

1259 The 36-year-long "Fishing City Defence War" in Hezhou Fishing City, Fuchuan Road, Tongchuan was not only a decisive battle between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Mongolian army, but also a battle of great significance that changed the history of China and the world, and set a rare example in the history of Chinese and foreign wars.

The five exhibition halls are based on the 36-year history of the fishing town in the Anti-Japanese War. In the form of illustrations and intelligent sound and light, they are displayed from the aspects of "historical situation, fishing alone in the Central Plains, fierce fighting in the fishing town, loyalty and righteousness, weapons in the Song Dynasty, and life scenes of residents in the Song Dynasty", and there are sculptures of historical figures from both sides of the offensive and defensive wars of the Song Dynasty and Meng, as well as animation of war scenes shouting down Meng Ge and being shot.

Happy Valley Road is a military traffic lifeline built by the soldiers and civilians in fishing town, which runs through the whole city. In case of military situation, the garrison troops can quickly reach the battle site through Happy Valley. The site of Happy Valley Road in Fishing Town has a total length of about 8.5 kilometers and a pavement width of 3.5 meters, which can be used for "Sanma goes hand in hand and five people go hand in hand".

Along Happy Valley Road, you come to Jialing River. The steep coast is a solid wall. It is said that the ancient city wall of Fishing Town built on the precipice is 17 Li Long, and there are watchholes and battery ports on the wall, which are commanding and easy to defend but difficult to attack.

1235, the Mongolian army invaded eastern Europe in the west, marched to Jinliao in the east, and sent troops south to attack the Song Dynasty. Since then, the two sides have been attacking and defending for decades in Sichuan and Shaanxi in the west, Jingxiang in the middle and Jianghuai in the east. Because it is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, it is a natural barrier of Kuimen, and it can travel along the Yangtze River to Wu Chu. Bashu area became the primary target of Mongolia's attack on Song Dynasty for quite a period of time.

In the 4th year of Jiaxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1240), Peng Daya, the deputy envoy of Sichuan, sent Gan Run to build a village on the fishing hill east of Hezhou (now Hechuan, Chongqing) in order to fight against the Mongolian army. In the third year of Chunyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1243), assistant minister of the Ministry of War, history of Sichuan appeasement, and Yu Jie, the magistrate of Chongqing, began to build a fishing city and stationed heavily.

125 1 year, Genghis Khan's grandson Meng Ge inherited Khan's position, led the right army to attack Sichuan through Guanzhong, attempted to capture Chongqing, went east to Kuimen, joined forces with the left army and the south wing army in Ezhou, and then went downstream to Lin 'an to destroy the Southern Song Dynasty.

In the sixth year of Bao You in the Southern Song Dynasty (1258), Mongolian Khan invaded more than 40 countries in Europe, Asia and Africa, and the soldiers were divided into three ways to cut the Song Dynasty. The army led by Meng Ge invaded Sichuan and arrived in Hezhou Fishing City (now Hechuan Fishing City in Chongqing) in February of the following year. Mongo soldiers were unable to cross the defense line under the stubborn resistance of Wang Jian, commander of the fishing city, and Zhang Jue, deputy commander. Mengge was wounded by gunfire on the city and died in Wenquan Temple.

Therefore, Fishing Town is famous for the historical fact that "Mongolian Khan died in Fishing Town and the Mongolian Khan had to withdraw from the Eurasian battlefield".

1260, after Kublai Khan became a great Khan, he changed the strategy of taking Bashu first to destroy the Song Dynasty, and gradually shifted the attack focus to the Jingxiang theater in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Meng and Song entered a state of confrontation in the battlefield of Sichuan. As the outpost of Chongqing, the fishing town supports and relies on many mountain cities along the Jialing River and the Yangtze River, enough to control Dongchuan, so it is still the focus of competition between Mongolia and Song Dynasty.

1268, Kublai Khan mobilized nearly 100,000 troops to surround Xiangyang, and started the five-year war in Xiangfan, which also kicked off the third conquest of Song by Mongolia. In order to contain the transfer of troops from Bashu to Xiangyang in the Southern Song Dynasty, the Mongolian army launched a large-scale harassment in Sichuan, especially to strengthen the encirclement of the fishing city and "build a glimpse" between the fishing city and other mountain cities. However, Zhang Jue, the garrison commander of Fishing City, has strong operational defense. "Winning is often a surprise, and winning is also tiring." Until the end of the battle of Xiangfan, the Mongols could only "come to Qiu Lai in spring and be in a precarious situation" in the fishing city.

1273 After the Yuan Army invaded Xiangyang, Kublai Khan built a water road and destroyed the Song Dynasty on a large scale. Many towns in Sichuan were also acquired by the Yuan Army.

At the beginning of 1276, the court of the Southern Song Dynasty reduced the yuan to Lin 'an. The Yuan Army also accelerated the pace of pacifying Sichuan, and for more than a year, it fell into Luzhou and Pingdongchuan successively.

1278 In February of the lunar calendar, Chongqing was invaded, and all the states of Nanping, Kui, Shi, Si and Bo fell. The building will fall down, and it is difficult for one person to support it.

/kloc-in the first month of 0/279, Wang Li, commander of Fishing City and special envoy of Hezhou Anfu, terminated his resistance on the condition that the city could not slaughter the city, and opened the city to reduce the yuan. For the Southern Song Dynasty, Fishing Town held on for 36 years and finally fell. In the same year, Zhao Min, a young emperor who fled to Yashan, jumped into the sea and died, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished.

From A.D. 1243 to A.D. 1279, the military and civilians of Hezhou in the Southern Song Dynasty, under the leadership of the prefects Wang Jian and Zhang Jue, relied on the natural barrier of fishing town. "Spring is the time to open up wasteland for farming; In autumn, we will transport grain and pay wages to protect our families. "

More than 80 Mongolian and Yuan generals, including Mongo Khan (), general manager and Dongchuan Haila, regarded fishing city as a "projectile" and besieged the city for a long time. The two sides fought to the death here and fought bloody battles. After more than 200 battles, * * * created a 36-year offensive and defensive war in Fishing City, which is a rare miracle in the history of war at home and abroad.

Fishing City has been defending for more than 36 years, and has written a rare example of defeating the strong with the weak in the history of Chinese and foreign wars. Therefore, Fishing Town is praised by Europeans as "Oriental Mecca City" and "God's Broken Whip Land".

The existing wall of Fishing City is rebuilt on the basis of the original wall, so it is still spectacular. Looking into the city from the mouth of the castle wall, the Jialing River rushes down, but it is the confluence of Jialing River, Fujiang River and Qujiang River. It can be clearly seen from the city that the fishing city is in the arms of Sanjiang.

The national protection gate is the most magnificent of the eight gates of fishing city. It is located in the second line of defense in the south of the city, with the cliff on the left and the Jialing River in the abyss on the right, and the words "the door to protect the country" and "the key to the whole Shu" are written on it. It is said that in those days, the plank road was used to enter and exit, and the way of "crossing the river and kicking down the bridge" was adopted (the plank road was repaired when I went, and it was demolished when I came back), which was an important channel to guard the traffic inside and outside the city. Song and Mongolia have experienced hundreds of bitter battles here, but this gate has not been broken, and it is worthy of being a dangerous place where "one person defends it and ten thousand people cannot force it"! When the weather is clear, standing on the door of protecting the country and looking down from the river, you can see the remains of the "one-word wall" of Jialing River more than 700 years ago.

Huguo Temple, built in Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, was destroyed by Dade fire in the Yuan Dynasty (1298). In the seventh year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1494), it was rebuilt, and in the thirteenth year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty (1833), the abbot of the temple was trained again. A stone tablet on the gate reads: Fishing in the city, Three Rivers for water supply and dam opening; The name of the temple protects the country, and the solitary flying clouds control the water in Shu. Tell about the important task of protecting the country and defending the country in Fishing City.

Fishing Town used to be a fishing mountain. There is a flat boulder on the mountain, which is located above the national protection gate. This is the Diaoyutai.

Diaoyutai is a famous ancient relic of Bashu. It is said that three rivers flooded in ancient times and people flocked to the mountains to take refuge. Just as they were starving and dying, a giant god suddenly descended from the sky, fished dragons on the top of the mountain and gave fresh fish to the victims, on which the people depended for a living. From then on, the stone platform left by the giant god was called Diaoyutai, and the boulder with five holes in front was called the pole stone.

Fishing Mountain is surrounded by Jialing River, Fujiang River and Qujiang River on three sides, and the situation is steep. Fishing Mountain became a fishing city in the13rd century. Building a city by mountains is the need of war. This is not hand-to-hand combat, nor a year or two of war, but an offensive and defensive war that lasted for 36 years. This is not only a life-and-death battle between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Mongolian army, but also a significant war that changed the history of China and the world-the battle of Fishing City.

On the stone inscription of "Chinese characters of Buddha's name", there are "three statues" (namely Amitabha Buddha, Sakyamuni Buddha and Maitreya Buddha) in regular script *** 12 and line engraving. The text says: "Infinite longevity Buddha, Sakyamuni Buddha, Maitreya Buddha." Each word is 0.8 meters high and 0.7 meters wide. It is written by Shi, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and has high artistic appreciation value. Also known as the "Three Cliffs of Fishing City", it is as famous as the cliffs of "Sleeping for eternity" and "Fishing City".

On the southwest side of Huguo Temple, there is a unique suspended reclining Buddha in China. Suspended reclining Buddha, carved in the late Tang Dynasty, is carved from suspended cliffs, beautifully carved and atmospheric in shape. The length of the reclining Buddha is 1 1 m, the shoulder width is 2.2m, and the cassock has drooping double collars. It is dignified and kind, and its modality is natural. Although it is not as grand as the world-famous Dazu stone carving, its suspended sculpture imaging is also a must in China. Although this hanging reclining Buddha has been baptized by smoke and fire for 36 years, it is still well preserved.

Hanging at the foot of the reclining Buddha, there is a well that oozes from the cliff. It is said that there are many such wells on the mountain. These wells were the source of life for the soldiers and civilians who stood firm against the Yuan Dynasty in the mountains of the Southern Song Dynasty.

"Climbing the ladder" is a plank road dug by soldiers and civilians in fishing town in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Legend has it that after saving the people, the immortal returned to heaven from "climbing the ladder". Under the ladder is the execution ground set up during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. According to the records of Fishing City, in the spring of 1259, Wang Jian, the owner of Fishing City, beheaded the gold sent by Mongolian Khan.

Climbing a ladder is a broad platform. These pot-shaped pits are called nine pots, which are used by the defenders of Fishing City to grind nitrate, sulfur and charcoal to prepare gunpowder. This is the earliest arsenal site in China. At that time, the powerful weapons of destruction such as iron ore and artillery made here effectively enhanced the overall defense capability of Fishing City. It is said that Mongo Khan (Yuan Xianzong) was killed by a cannon made here.

Zhongyi Temple in Hechuan Fishing Town, built in Ming and Qing Dynasties, is an important ancient architectural complex in fishing town. The temple covers an area of more than 4,000 square meters with a building area of more than 2,000 square meters.

Under the plaque of "Millennium of Loyalty and Righteousness" in the main hall of Zhong Yi Temple, there are immortal tablets such as Yujie, Ran Jin, Ran Pu, Wang Jian and Zhang Jue, and the red candles are mottled, revealing a trace of sadness.

The memorial tablets of Wang Li and Mrs. Xiong Er are enshrined in the left room of the main hall of Zhong Yi Temple. Although Wang Li could not be presented in the main hall because of Kaesong's surrender, his and Mrs. Li Dehui and Xiong Er's contributions to the living city cannot be forgotten, and he is called "Yun Biao with a strong heart".

It began to rain at this time, and the return trip was a bit far. We have four older generations, and it is also difficult to change from downhill to scenic traffic. In a hurry, two cars miraculously appeared! This is the shuttle bus from the local restaurant that my wife found, although we don't eat there. Everyone breathed a sigh of relief, walked briskly to the parking lot, drove to Hechuan city to eat a big bowl of hot soup and then returned to Chongqing.

With eternal feelings hanging on the ancient battlefield, the group will return to the two rivers in Chongqing to see the bright modern version of Chongqing's struggle era (see above).

(The relevant introduction in the article comes from Baidu)