Detailed knowledge of meteorological satellites

Meteorological satellite: an artificial earth satellite for meteorological observation of the earth and its atmosphere from space. Space part of satellite meteorological observation system. Various meteorological remote sensors carried by satellites receive and measure visible light, infrared light and microwave radiation of the earth and its atmosphere, and convert them into electrical signals and transmit them to ground stations. The ground station recovers the electric signal from the satellite, draws various pictures of clouds, surfaces and seas, and then obtains various meteorological data through further processing and calculation. Meteorological satellites are divided into solar orbit (polar orbit) meteorological satellites and geostationary orbit meteorological satellites according to different orbits; According to whether it is used for military purposes, it is divided into military meteorological satellites and civil meteorological satellites. Meteorological satellites have the advantages of wide observation range, many times of observation, fast observation time and high quality of observation data, and are not limited by natural geographical conditions. The meteorological information provided by them has been widely used in daily meteorological operations, environmental monitoring, disaster prevention and mitigation, atmospheric science, oceanography and hydrology research. Meteorological satellite is also one of the most widely used satellites in the world. The United States, the former Soviet Union/Russian, French and China and many other countries have launched meteorological satellites.

The main observation contents of meteorological satellites include:

① Shooting satellite cloud pictures.

② Observe cloud top temperature, cloud top, cloud cover and condensation phase in the cloud.

(3) Observation of land surface conditions, such as ice, snow and sand, and observation of ocean surface conditions, such as ocean surface temperature, sea ice and ocean currents.

④ The total amount of water vapor, humidity distribution, precipitation area and precipitation distribution in the atmosphere.

⑤ The content and distribution of ozone in the atmosphere.

⑥ The incident radiation of the sun, the total reflectivity of the earth-atmosphere system to solar radiation, and the infrared radiation of the earth-atmosphere system to space.

⑦ Monitoring space environmental conditions, such as the flux density of protons, alpha particles and electrons emitted by the sun. These observations help us to monitor the movement and evolution of the weather system; It provides a lot of basic data for studying climate change; It provides a large number of environmental monitoring results for space flight.