Wei's Reading and Translation of Classical Chinese

1. How to translate Laozi or the original sentence in Laozi's book?

Some people say that I am reading Laozi now. Note 1, this sentence comes from the national new curriculum standard volume of the national college entrance examination in 20 13, and the social science article "The Age of Laozi and His Books" is quoted from Zhu.

2. or person: someone; Some people. Han Yang Xiong's A Trip to Xue Yan: "Or:' Books are the same, but the world is not prosperous. Can you rule? "said:' yes.

Or someone smiled and said,' We must make a decision by making a decision.' Biography of Zhou Shu, Biography of Wei Yun Guo, etc.: "Those who count their children are not ministers of the country? Or people think they are unfaithful, then there is no trust in this world. "

Chen Qing did "distinguish universities": "Zhu Xi has no other left-handed experience about people or people." Lu Xun's Lace Literature and the Vitality of Essays: "Or people say,' China has no humor.

This is exactly a footnote. 3. say: say.

2. The translation of the classical Chinese "Tao Kan Yi Shi" has nothing to do with it in Guangzhou. It is transported to the outside of fasting at dusk and to the inside of fasting. People asked him why, and replied, "We are committed to the Central Plains, so we are too comfortable, so we are afraid of suffering, so we should work hard." ……

He is smart and diligent, always sitting in danger, and knows everything about the military government. As the saying goes, "the sage of Dayu cherishes every inch of yin." As for everyone, how can we cherish the nether world? But it is useless to be born, sick and dead, and give up on yourself! "

translate

Tao Kan is in Guangzhou. When he is free, he always transports the white bricks outside the study early in the morning and then transports them back to the study at night. Someone asked him why he did this, and he replied: "I am trying to recover the lost land in the Central Plains. I am too leisurely and afraid that I can't undertake major events. I just work hard."

Tao Kan is smart, sensitive, humble and diligent. Sit cross-legged all day, check and manage everything, and have no leisure. He often says to others: "Dayu is a saint and still cherishes time so much." It is more important for all of us to cherish time. How can you just think about a life of ease, play and alcoholism? " Living can't be good for the country. After your death, future generations will not hear your good name. This is self-abandonment. "

3. Xia Yuanji studied the original translation of the classical Chinese Xia Yuanji, and Xia Yuanji's ancestor was Dexing.

His father Xia Shimin worked as an Oracle in Xiangyin, so he settled here. Xia Yuanji was orphaned a long time ago. He studies hard and takes care of his mother.

He entered imperial academy under the recommendation of local officials in prefectures and counties, and was later elected to write imperial edicts in the palace. Several students laughed loudly, and Xia Yuanji sat upright and serious.

Ming Taizu secretly observed that he was different and promoted him to be the director of the family department. Ming Chengzu acceded to the throne and transferred him to the position of left assistant minister.

There was a flood in western Zhejiang, but the officials in charge of water control could do nothing. In the first year of Yongle, Xia Yuanji was ordered to control water. Xia Yuanji walked in cloth and planned day and night. At the hottest time, there is no umbrella cover. He said, "The people are working hard. How can I bear to be comfortable alone?"

He returned to Beijing after the flood fighting. In the seventh year of Yongle, the emperor toured the north, and ordered Xia Yuanji to act as the agent of does, ministry of war and Douchayuan.

There are two guards who advocate a monthly salary, and the emperor wants to behead them. Xia Yuanji said: "This is illegal. If they really steal it, what punishment will they receive? " The emperor then stopped cutting their imperial edicts.

In the third year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, he accompanied the emperor to the north. The emperor tasted the dry food in Xia Yuanji's bag and said with a smile, "Why is it so bad?" Xia Yuanji replied: "There are still hungry people in the army." The emperor ordered that the meals of senior officials be given to him and that the soldiers be rewarded.

Xia Yuanji is so generous that it is impossible to measure its margin. Officials at the same level have advantages and he will adopt them; Some people have small problems, and he must cover them up.

Once, an official soiled the gold woven clothes given by the emperor. Xia Yuanji said, "Don't be afraid, the dirty things can be washed away." On another occasion, an official soiled subtle documents and kowtowed for his life.

Xia Yuanji also don't ask, into the remorse. The emperor ordered these documents to be changed. Lv Zhen once pushed out Xia Yuanji.

Lu Zhen asked for an official position for his son. Xia Yuanji believed that Lu Zhen had the merit of guarding the city during the period of "Jingnan" and pleaded with the court for him. At first, people at Pingjiang hated Xia Yuanji, but Xia Yuanji often praised Chen Youcai.

Someone asked Xia Yuanji, "Can you learn to be generous?" He said, "When I was young, I was not angry when someone offended me. I began to have patience on my face and patience in my heart for a while. After a long time, there is nothing to be patient with. "

He is used to reviewing the documents recording the confessions of criminals at night, patting the table and sighing, and his pen never drops. When his wife asked him, he said, "This is the execution book at the end of the year."

Once he and his classmates went out for a drink and came back in the evening to catch up with the snow. After the palace gate, some people try not to dismount. Xia Yuanji said, "A gentleman should not be corrupted by darkness."

He is so cautious.

4. Gao Chongwen read and translated the original text of "Old Tang Shu Gao Chongwen Biography", translated the original text of Gao Chongwen, and first came out of Bohai Sea.

Chongwen was born in Youzhou, simple and taciturn, and rarely joined the Pinglu Army. Zhenyuan, with Han as the mayor of Wucheng, ruled the army by sound.

In the summer of five years, 30,000 Tubo troops from Kouning Prefecture and 3,000 Chongwen troops were rescued. The battle was fought in the Buddhist temple, and more than half of the dead were killed. When Han entered the DPRK, Chongwen took charge of the business and moved to the imperial history.

In fourteen years, he served as the ambassador of Changwu City, accumulated millet training, and the sound of the army increased greatly. In the winter of Yongzhenyuan, Liu Pi blocked troops to crusade against North Korea. Du Fu, the minister in charge, thought that he could succeed by advocating Chongwen on his own.

In the spring of the first year of Yuanhe, he was appointed as Shangshu of the Ministry of Inspection, as an ancient consultant, as the commander-in-chief of the Shenying camp, and controlled the Shence policy, patrolling and sealing the soldiers in Tianlin town. The general will recruit a lot of people, and everyone claims to be elected, which is shocking.

Chongwen trained 5,000 troops in Changwucheng and was often beaten. Yes, the commander in the middle is a commander-in-chief. Shi Mao announced his life, while Chen Shi started with five thousand. He used it without fault.

When the army arrived in Xingyuan, a dagger in the army broke against the road and cut it sideways. The west entered from Langzhong, but it was the master of the sword gate, and the thief fled and prospered.

Tunjun from the state, because worship Chongwen for Dongchuan our time. First, Liu Pi captured Dongchuan and Li Gang; And Chongwen Kezi Prefecture is Kang Qiuxue's own crime. Chongwen lost his army with Kang, so he cut it.

North of Chengdu 150 miles, there is a Reuters Mountain, which is the junction of two rivers. It was built to defend the city. It was connected with eight doors and a corner to repel Julian Waghann. On that day, twenty thousand thieves were crushed at the gates of Reuters, and it rained cats and dogs. It was impossible to climb up, but it stopped.

Tomorrow, it will be broken in Wansheng heap again. Piled in the east of the deer's head, let the great warrior Gao Xia beat the drums, and the scholar pulled the blade up, and the stone was like rain; He also ordered Lian Deng, who dares to die, to seize his pile and burn his iron fence, so as to wipe out the thieves in the iron fence.

According to the pile, there is a bird's eye view of Reuters, and there are countless people in the city. Eight world wars were all won, and thieves shook people's hearts.

In August, Adie Guangyan made an appointment with Chongwen and went to camp for one day. Fear of punishment means going deep into self-redemption, so the army is at the west mouth of Reuters, trying to cut off the thief's route for providing foodstuff. The thief is terrible.

On that day, the thief Mian surrendered to Li with 3,000 troops, and the Lutou Gang raised 20,000 people from the city. Su Qiang, the man's uncle and son-in-law, first supervised Fu Liang's army. He was sent to the capital by the Japanese Ministry of Machinery, and the soldiers were tied for more than ten miles and went straight to Chengdu.

Deyang and other counties are fully armed, and they must look at the flag and serve, and there is nothing left. Great fear, with pro-soldiers and anti-Party Lu, went west to Tibet.

Tubo is accepted by him and will be enlightened. Chongwen sent Gao Xia to stay, and Li chased him until the sheep irrigated the fields.

Since the monarch voted for the Minjiang River, he has been involved in the turbulent current. Peace in western Sichuan is the way to send justice to the capital.

Wen Ruo died in the water. When Julian Waghann entered Chengdu, he was stationed in Dakui. Military orders are serious, treasures are piled up, and streets remain unchanged.

First of all, the thief was demoted and beheaded with 20 thousand soldiers from Xingba as the aid of the deer's head. Everyone who fell into the clothes trap crawled in the yamen to plead for mercy, and the Chongwen articles were all alive.

He appointed Chongwen as a proofreader, and also served as Chengdu Yin. He sent envoys to save Jianchuan and Chuanxi, observed and disposed of farmland in the pipeline, and jointly detained barbarians near the border to appease Yunnan, the eight countries of Xishan. Change the title of Nanping County King, seal 300 households with grain, and make contributions by carving stones at the foot of Reuters Mountain.

Chongwen can't read, and he is tired of the complexity of consulting big officials. He lives in a land of wealth, without Chen Li. He lives in the frontier and defends it. In the winter of two years, Tongjia was still in charge of the capital and the west, with Pingzhang envoy, Yizhou secretariat and Ningqing festival.

Relying on its merits is a masterpiece, and the wealth hidden in the treasury is ingenious. If you take it and follow it, you will spend all your money. In order not to learn etiquette and dare not enter the DPRK, I am the town of imperial edict.

Live for three years, overhaul Rongbei. Yuanhe died in four years, aged 64. He abandoned the court for three days and gave it to Stuart, saying that he was mighty and deserved to enjoy the Xianzong Temple.

Gao Chongwen, a native of Bohai. Gao Chongwen was born in Youzhou. He is simple and generous, and he joined the Pinglu Army when he was young.

In Zhenyuan, he followed Han Quan Yi and settled in Changwucheng, enjoying great prestige in running the army. In the summer of the fifth year of Zhenyuan, 30,000 Tubo soldiers invaded Ningzhou, and Gao Chongwen led 3,000 armored soldiers to rescue Ningzhou. He fought against the Tubo army in the Buddhist temple and defeated the Tubo army, causing most of the enemy to die.

Han went to the imperial court to appear before the emperor, and Chongwen was in charge of running and saving money, and was later appointed as a part-time censor. In the fourteenth year of Zhenyuan, Chongwen served as the ambassador of Changwu City, hoarding food and training more frequently, which greatly improved the reputation of the army.

In the winter of Yongzhenyuan, Liu Pi rebelled against the army and went to court to discuss punishment. Prime Minister Du thought Gao Chongwen could be appointed to do it. In the spring of the first year of Yuanhe, Gao Chongwen was awarded the post of Shang Shu, the inspector of imperial doctor, who was the first of the left and right strategies, and lobbied the troops of various towns to crusade against Liu Pi under the orders of Fengtianzi.

At that time, there were many experienced generals who specifically conquered the rebels, and each of them said that they would choose. They were very surprised when the emperor's manuscript came out. When Gao Chongwen was in Changwucheng, he trained 5,000 soldiers. Usually, he is ready as if the enemy is coming.

At this time, the eunuch envoy arrived in Changwu, and Shi Mao announced that Gao Chongwen could set out with five thousand troops, and there was no shortage of weapons and materials. When the army arrived in the apricot garden, it lost its food in the hostel. Gao Chongwen killed these people and toured in public.

Gao Chongwen led the army to the west, entered the customs from Langzhong, successfully repelled the enemy of Jianmen, lifted the siege of Zitong, and the thieves who made the crisis fled Xing Ba back. Gao Chongwen was stationed in Zizhou, and the court appointed him as Dongchuan our envoy.

Prior to this, Liu Pi captured Dongchuan, Li Gang and our time. When Chongwen conquered Zizhou, Li Bi asked Li Kang to return and wash away his sins. Chongwen killed Li Gang because he defeated the army and made Dongchuan fall. One hundred and fifty miles north of Chengdu, there is a Reuters Mountain, which is an important place to defend Sichuan. Liu Pi built a wall to defend it and connected eight camps to show mutual support against the imperial army.

On this day, Gao Chongwen defeated twenty thousand insurrection thieves at the gates of Reuters. It rained heavily, like a downpour, and failed to enter Reuters City successfully, so he stopped his attack. The next day, he defeated tens of millions of enemy troops in the pile and won.

Stacked in the east of the city, Gao Chongwen sent a fierce general to beat the drums himself. The soldiers climbed up and the arrows rained down. Chongwen also ordered those who dared to die to keep climbing, and finally seized the pile and burned the camp.

5. The preface to the translation of classical Chinese is a compulsory course in junior high school, which is also very helpful for senior high school classical Chinese learning in the future. It involves many important aspects and requires readers to read it carefully, actively understand and thoroughly understand the meaning of the text.

come from

Qin organized disciples to compile Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals.

original text

Song family, there is no well irrigation at home, and they often live alone. His family crossed the well and told people, "I crossed the well alone."

People who heard of it said, "Shi Ding went down the well alone." The people of China know it. They heard it from Song Jun.

Asked by ding. Shi Ding said to him, "If you want to be alone, you have to be alone in the well."

translate

There was a family named Ding in Song State. There was no well at home, and they often had to go outside to fetch water by themselves. When his family dug wells, he said to others, "My family dug wells alone." The person who heard and spread the story said, "The Ding family dug a well and found a man." People in the Song Dynasty are talking about this matter, and someone reported it. Song Guojun sent someone to ask Ding Gu about it. The man surnamed Ding replied, "No one works until a well is dug, not that there is no one in the well."

To annotate ...

1: irrigation-water washing. Irrigation: gài, irrigation. Ji: Sound jí, draw water from the well.

2. Live-stay

2. It's time. ...

3. What China people say-the whole country is saying. Country: Ancient countries were also called "countries".

I heard it from Song Jun-Song Jun heard it. The pronoun refers to "Shi Ding fished a man from a well" and is the object of "smell". Y: Preposition: When told, take the initiative to introduce. Song Jun: Song Guojun.

5. Ask Ding-ask. Yu: preposition; When talking to ...

6. manufacturing labor.

7: I-my home.

8: Yu Xiang; exist

9: Yes-Answer

10: If not, so much the better.

1 1: puncture: puncture.

12: smell: listen. The word "smell" in the last sentence means "make listening".

13: order: order

14: Always live alone: Always send someone outside.

arouse

Don't believe gossip, spread rumors without your own investigation, and don't listen to hearsay. What you hear may be false, but what you see is true; Seeing is believing

From the perspective of people who have heard and spread it: don't spread any rumors when you hear them, but think about whether they are reasonable or not. Don't listen to others. I heard that wind is rain, so that I make rumors.

From Shi Ding's point of view, language expression is very important in communication. It must be accurate and clear to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding and ambiguity.

6. "When someone heard this, they replied with the Ding family.

Song Jun. People who have heard of it and spread it say that communication is wrong. "

[Hint]: "My family dug a well and got a man." People in the capital say: preposition.

⑦ Make do with it and draw water from a well: "Shi Ding got a well digger": "The Ding family dug a well and hit a man. It is said that this fable reminds people that the ancient capital is also called" the country ". Song Zhi Ding's family.

6 ask ding-ask. Hearing the wind is rain. Wait until his family has dug a well before launching the initiative.

(5) I've heard of Song Jun-it's Song Jun's country.

Sending someone to ask someone named Ding refers to the labor force, not following the trend. Ji: There was a family named Ding in the Song Dynasty, so they often lived alone. When the family went out, they didn't have a well to irrigate. Ji: "If you cross a well, you get one person", but no one was dug out of the well. Yin Ji often lived alone.

Yu: "I have to work for one person; After hearing some rumors; Yin Gai: "With the help of one person. "The Stone Green He Chun Shen Hanglan Tea Biography" [Notes] ① is selected from the Stone Green He Chun Shen Hanglan Tea Biography and mixed with water.

(3) and-wait until: pronoun: when being said, it means "one person gets one person who digs a well": preposition, which has spread to the monarch of the Song Dynasty, telling others that Song Jun heard it and asked Ding ⑥ to go outside to draw water and water the land.

One. Therefore, there is no well at home, so we should think about whether it is reasonable.

A man walked through a well. (4) China way-capital people talk.

(2) Irrigation —— To get water from the well to irrigate the land, you must be alone in the well. "China way (4).

(3) His family passed through a well and was the object of "smell".

7. The word Wenshan, translated from classical Chinese to Liang Yi, was born in Bozhou, Anhui. In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong, he served as the magistrate of Baxian County, Sichuan Province. In the evening, he resigned and gave a lecture at Shouchun Academy, entitled "Li Beihai". At the beginning, I taught in Xian 'an Palace, and when I arrived in the capital, I heard that He Guozong, the supervisor of Qin Tian, had been in the punishments department, and Zhang Zhao, the fashion book, was also in other departments, so I got his brushwork and asked because of his family background. Guozong was over eighty years old, so he couldn't treat guests because of illness, so he sent his grandson to take a message. As soon as I heard it, Guo Zong replied, "You got it." Give me two posts, Mi and Huang.

Later, Duan Yucai of Jintan said: "The way to write is to transport the arm and the arm to transport the body. Where you grab the pen, the big fingertip points to the fingertip of eating, and the pen is just between the two fingertips. Two fingertips are connected together like a ring, and two fingers are placed flat on top of each other, so you can install the wine glass. The elbow is flat, the wrist is not touching the ground, the elbow is round, and the two fingers and the pen are just on the chest, so that the whole body's strength can move on the arm and gather at the two fingertips. If the two fingertips are not as round as the ring, or the ring is uneven, it doesn't matter if you scratch it. The strength of the arm can't be released yet, but the situation is in your body. When you are tight, the strength of your body is all at your fingertips, not in your arms. The ancients knew that fingers could not move their arms, so the fingertips were connected to fix the pen, the pen tube could be broken, the fingers were invincible, and then the words were powerful. Its thumb and forefinger are also called single hooks; Its thumb and middle finger are also called double hooks; The middle finger, so the power of complementary food refers to it, which is always called' dialing stirrup method'. When Wang Xianzhi was seven or eight years old, he studied books, and the right army took a pen from the side, which was called this method. If we give up this method, it will be a heresy. After the two kings, I went to the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and it was said by word of mouth that Dong Zongbo named Wang Sinong and Sinong Zhang, which I heard. There was a man named Zhang in this dynasty. He didn't do anything good. Wang Xuzhou only gets half the effect with a pen, while Jiang Xiangfan knows how to hold a pen and write less. There is no anger in this world, just don't know how to exhaust it, and then it can be said that there is no anger. If you grasp the pen like this, the pen is not biased, the center passes through the paper, and the paper is whispering. If there is a silk boundary in the painting, the pen heart is the main one. When you grab a pen like this, you must make solid paper as characters, and the paper is thin and easy to break. Its horizontal, straight, left and right are different from today's people, and the direction of the pen tip is also different. The pen heart is always in every stroke, and there is no shortage of bias. The so-called leakage marks, folding righteousness, cone painting sand and Yin Yinni of the ancients can all be realized here. " I didn't write much, and the introduction was nothing more than that. At that time, he and Liang were called "North Liang" and "South Liang". (selected from the draft of Qing history)

8. Later, wang pu came from Guilin. Hong Wu was a political participant (official name) in the last years of Guangdong. At the same time, his brother came to visit him. His subordinates and his brother gave him a cloth. Wang Pu ordered his younger brother to return the robe to him, and said that although it was worthless, he had to be careful. This bad behavior is a disgrace to me. Most of the food transported by sea has drifted away or sunk. Wang pu came to Yuling to observe the situation. Order a company (official position) to dig stones to fill ravines and build a bridge to facilitate vehicle transportation. This official who has worked for many years has no valuable clothes at home and no extra food in the kitchen. He was sent to prison by a letter because he was falsely accused. Colleagues and subordinates refused to accept his meals and property, saying, how can I change my mind because of suffering? After the matter was clarified, I went home and died.