What are the three main methods to deal with marine oil pollution?

1. Physical treatment method: using the cleaning ship and its attached recovery device, oil booms, oil absorption materials and magnetic separation;

2. Chemical treatment method: incineration and use of chemical treatment agents (such as emulsifying dispersant, coagulant, oil collector and settling agent);

3. Biological treatment method: these oil-eating microorganisms are artificially selected, cultivated and even improved, and then put into polluted sea areas for biodegradation of artificial petroleum hydrocarbons.

After oil enters the ocean, a series of complex changes will occur, including diffusion, evaporation, dissolution, emulsification, photochemical oxidation, microbial oxidation, sedimentation, formation of asphalt balls and transfer along the food chain (see figure). Although these processes are different in time and space, they are mostly interactive.

Extended data

The oil film formed by oil on the sea surface will hinder the gas exchange between the atmosphere and seawater and affect the absorption, transmission and reflection of electromagnetic radiation on the sea surface. The oil film covering polar ice for a long time will enhance the heat absorption capacity of ice and accelerate the melting of ice, which will have a potential impact on global sea level change and long-term climate change.

The oil in the sea surface and seawater will dissolve the lipophilic components in pollutants such as halogenated hydrocarbons and reduce the migration and transformation rate at the interface. Oil pollution will destroy seaside attractions and beaches. For example, in February of 1983, the oil tanker "Oriental Ambassador" ran aground in JIAOZHOU Bay, Qingdao, with an oil spill of more than 3,000 tons, which seriously polluted Qingdao seashore and JIAOZHOU Bay.

Formulate relevant laws and regulations to stop the illegal discharge of oily sewage during marine activities and strictly control the discharge of oily sewage from coastal refineries and other factories. Monitor and monitor the oil pollution situation in the sea area, improve the performance of oil tanker navigation and communication equipment, and prevent marine accidents.

After the oil pollution occurs, the oil slick can be blocked with oil booms to prevent it from spreading and drifting, and it can be recovered as much as possible by various mechanical equipment. For unrecoverable thin oil film or oil particles dispersed in water, various low-toxic chemical dispersants can be sprayed.

In view of the need to improve the technology and methods of recovering and eliminating marine oil pollution, and the complex topography of ports and offshore areas, it is difficult to completely eliminate marine oil pollution at present. Under bad weather conditions, most of the oil can't be recovered and treated.

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