Natural geographical environment in Hanzhong area

It starts from Qinling Mountains in the north and reaches Daba Mountain in the south, with a total area of 27,246km? 0? 5。 In the meantime, the Hanzhong Basin, known as the "Little Jiangnan in Northwest China", was formed by the alluvial of Hanshui River. It has a cool subtropical climate. Hanzhong City is located in the upper reaches of Hanshui River, in the middle of Hanzhong Basin, east longitude10651-kloc-0/0710, and north latitude 33 2-33 22. Topographic features are low in the south and high in the north. There are three landforms in the city: flat dam, hills and mountains. Pingba is the first and second steps of the alluvial plain of the Han River, with an altitude of 500-600 meters, flat terrain and fertile soil, accounting for 34.62% of the city's area. The hills are wide valleys and shallow hills formed by alluvial fans in front of the mountain, with an altitude of 60 1-800 meters, and the terrain fluctuates greatly, accounting for about 28. 1% of the city's area. The mountainous area is a shallow mountain and Zhongshan area formed on the southern slope of Qinling Mountains. The terrain is complex and the soil is barren. The altitude is between 70 1-2038 meters, accounting for about 37.2% of the city's total area. Hanzhong basin is about 37 kilometers long from north to south and 23 kilometers wide from east to west, accounting for 65,438 0.9% of the total area of Hanzhong area, with 303,200 mu of cultivated land, mainly paddy fields. Hanzhong belongs to the subtropical climate zone, with Qinling barrier in the north, which is not easy to be attacked by cold current and has a mild and humid climate. Rivers and hydrological rivers in this area belong to the Yangtze River basin, with the Han River from east to west and the Jialing River from north to south. On the south slope of Micang Mountain, there are some rivers in Qujiang source area. At the same time, there are many rivers, with an average length of 1.4-2 km per square kilometer. Hanjiang River, also known as Hanshui River, is the largest tributary of the Yangtze River. Hanzhong is located in the upper reaches of the Han River, with Qinling Mountains in the north, Micang Mountain in the south, Jialing River Basin in the west and Woods, Chazhen and Chuhe River in the east. Hanjiang River is also the dividing line between Qinling and Bashan Mountains. The main stream of Hanjiang River flows through Ningqiang, Mianxian, Hanzhong, Nanzheng, Chenggu, Yangxian and Xixiang from west to east, and crosses Hanzhong Basin, which is the skeleton of water network in this area. Jialing River water system is distributed in the west and southwest of this area. The main stream runs through Lueyang and Ningqiang counties from north to south and is a transit river. This valley is long and narrow. The geographical distribution of temperature and temperature in precipitation area is mainly controlled by topography. The west is slightly lower than the east, and the north and south mountainous areas are lower than the flat dams and hills. Annual average temperature in Pingba area below 600 meters above sea level14.2 ~14.6℃; The average annual temperature in areas above 1000m is lower than12℃; ; The annual average temperature in the west of Jialing River Basin is higher than 13℃. The following chart is based on the data of Pingba in Hanzhong City: show ▼ hide ▲ monthly average climate data of Hanzhong City 1 month March, April, June, July, August1month1month/February.

(42)9

(48) 14

(57)20

(68)25

(77)28

(82)30

(86)29

(84)24

(75) 19

(66) 12

(53)8

(46) 18

(64) The average low temperature is-1.

(30) 1

(33)5

(4 1) 10

(50) 15

(59) 19

(66)22

(7 1)2 1

(69) 16

(60) 1 1

(5 1)5

(4 1)0

(32) 10

(50) Precipitation cm (inch) 0.7

(0.3) 1

(0.4)2.9

( 1. 1)6

(2.4)9

(3.5)9.8

(3.8) 16.3

(6.4) 13.4

(5.3) 15.7

(6.2)7.6

(3.0)3.2

( 1.3)0.8

(0.3)86.3

(33.9) In addition, the annual average and monthly distribution of ground temperature and temperature in this area are basically the same, with little difference. Hanzhong is located in the mid-latitude of the northern hemisphere, forming a warm and humid airflow with annual precipitation, mainly from the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean, followed by the western Pacific Ocean. In summer, under the influence of the subtropical high, the water vapor in the Bay of Bengal flows northward along the southwest monsoon in the lower part of the southwest vortex, passing through Tibet, Yunnan and northwest Sichuan, reaching over this area. The water vapor in the western Pacific enters this area with the southeast airflow at the edge of subtropical high. Winter is controlled by the polar continental cold air mass (mainly Mongolian high pressure), and there are many northwest monsoon, which leads to cold, dry and little rain. Spring and autumn are transitional seasons, with warm and little rain in spring, cool and rainy in autumn and humid climate. Water vapor evaporated in space by ground vegetation, reservoirs, rivers and pastoral areas. Almost no participation in precipitation. The warm and humid airflow from southwest and southeast is blocked by Bashan and Qinling Mountains, which makes this area abundant in rainfall. However, because the two mountains are located on the southwest airflow path, the convergence of the water vapor system in the middle and lower clouds, the uplift of the terrain and the vertical influence of the mountains, the water vapor in this area is unequal between the north and the south, and the precipitation distribution is very different. The average precipitation for many years is between 700- 1700 mm, of which Micang Mountain in the south is the most abundant and the highest in Shaanxi. Humidity The distribution trend of annual average relative humidity in the whole Hanzhong area is basically that the south is smaller than the north. 70-80% of Hanjiang and Bashan Pingba; Qinling 73%. It is smaller in winter and spring and larger in summer and autumn. 9. The month of10 is the highest in the whole year, both of which are 80%-86%; In winter (12, 1, February), 75%-80% are in Pingba and Bashan mountain areas of Hanjiang River; Qinling Mountains 58%-66%. The average annual wind speed in the windy area is between 1-2.5 m/s, and windy days are rarely seen, with an average of less than 2 days per year, but the surrounding suburbs are different. Animals and plants: There are many virgin forests and diverse vegetation types in Qinba Mountain area. By the end of 1995 and 10, 2942 species of plants belonging to 7 families 1 160 genera of seeds, ferns, mosses, lichens, fungi and algae have been discovered in Hanzhong. Among them, there are 958 genera and 2564 species of seed plants in 166 family, accounting for 57% of the family (166/29 1) and 32.6% of the genus (958/2940) and 2564/24300 respectively. Crested ibis has become a symbolic animal population in Hanzhong: Hanzhong area is at the intersection of Palaearctic and Oriental worlds, with both northern and southern animals, and the animal population is rich. The rare animals that survived in this period include giant panda, crested ibis, golden monkey, pronghorn and Chinese giant salamander. There are 335 species of wild vertebrates in Hanzhong area, belonging to 17 orders 5 1 family, including resident birds 155, summer migratory birds 9 1 species, winter migratory birds 28, and traveling birds 6 1 species. Mammals 137 species, belonging to 7 orders and 27 families; 24 species of amphibians, belonging to 2 orders and 7 families; 37 species of reptiles, belonging to 3 orders and 9 families; There are 109 species of fish, belonging to 6 orders 15 families. The large-scale industry in this area originated from the defense industry. Aircraft industry is also an important part of Hanzhong's industrial economic growth. Shaanxi Aircraft Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Shaanxi Aircraft Group), which belongs to aviation industry corporation of china, is the only large state-owned military enterprise in China approved by the state to start construction in 1969. Total assets of 3 billion yuan, nearly 10,000 employees. Shaanxi Aircraft Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. (the ○ 12 base under the former Third Industrial Machinery Department) is located in this area and is a large transport aircraft manufacturing base. In 2009, the State Council, China officially approved the implementation of the major national special project of large aircraft. Hanzhong Shaanxi Aircraft Group, Harbin Hafei Group, Xifei Group, Shenyang Shen Fei Group and Chengdu Cheng Fei Group have become the five major manufacturers of "big aircraft", mainly responsible for forming the subcontracting production capacity of "big aircraft" parts. In addition, the 405 plant of China National Nuclear Corporation is also located in this area, engaged in uranium enrichment production. Non-ferrous metallurgical industry is an important supporting force for industrial economic growth in Hanzhong city. In 2005, there were 49 non-ferrous metallurgical industries in Hanzhong, accounting for 20.4% of industrial enterprises above designated size, including mining industry 3 1 and smelting and processing industry 18, accounting for 12.9% and 7.5% of industrial enterprises above designated size respectively. The total industrial output value of nonferrous metallurgy industry reached 51.78 billion yuan, accounting for 31.2% of the total industrial output value above designated size; Realize the main business income of 4.402 billion yuan, accounting for 30.9% of the main business income of industrial enterprises above designated size; Profits and taxes reached 65.438+0.52 billion yuan, accounting for 654.38+0.4% of the total profits and taxes of industrial enterprises above designated size. In 2009, Hanzhong iron and steel enterprises were formally reorganized. Hanzhong State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Hanzhong Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. and Shaanxi Lueyang Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. each invested 200 million yuan to establish Hanzhong Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd., and set up China Iron and Steel Group Management Committee to take charge of the reorganization. Due to the location limitation of agriculture, the degree of mechanization of agricultural production in this area is low. Crops are mainly planted in subtropical areas of southern China, including rice, wheat and corn, featuring fungi and Chinese herbal medicines, and some fruits. The cultivated land area in Hanzhong is 200,900 hectares, and the non-agricultural population accounts for 80% of the city's population. In 2006, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery created by farmers reached 9.479 billion yuan, with total grain output1168,900 tons, oil14,500 tons, vegetables1206,600 tons, fruits192,900 tons and tea 74. Hanzhong's cherry producing area covers an area of 3 square kilometers, which is one of the three major cherry producing areas in China, with cherry ditch as the main producing area. The varieties of cherries are mainly sour cherries from China. Cherry ditch is planted with cherries 1.23 million mu, with an annual output of more than 3,600 tons of cherries and an annual agricultural income of more than 9.6 million yuan. In 2008, Cherry Valley attracted 465,438+million tourists, and the comprehensive tourism income reached 24.948 million yuan. Hanzhong is also the most suitable place for drinking tea in the northern tea area of China. Its cultivation has a long history, which began in the Warring States Period and flourished in Qin and Han Dynasties, Tang and Song Dynasties and Ming and Qing Dynasties. Since ancient times, it has been an important tea supply place for tea-horse trade. Since 2000, Hanzhong tea industry has achieved remarkable development and results. The area of tea garden increased from 1987 to 130600 mu to more than 600,000 mu in 2008, an increase of 4.2 times. The output increased from 2992 tons to 8367 tons, an increase of 2.8 times; The output value reached 480 million yuan, making it one of the four leading industries in Hanzhong. In 2009, Hanzhong City integrated more than 20 tea brands from eight tea-producing counties into "Hanzhong Xianhao", and held the "2009 China Hanzhong Tea Festival Cherry Festival" in Hanzhong.