High school entrance examination biogeography mock test paper (including answers)

2002 Hangzhou High School Entrance Examinations

Natural Sciences

The relative atomic mass used in this test paper: H-1 C- 12 N- 14 O - 16 Ca - 40

1. Multiple-choice questions (each question is worth 4 points, maximum 24 points. Only one option for each question fits the meaning of the question)

1. Which of the following belongs to a population ( )

A. All people in Hangzhou urban area B. Fish living in the West Lake

C. All the trees on Tianmu Mountain in Lin'an D. All the insects in a rice field at Qiaosi Farm

2. On April 17, 2002, it was overcast and rainy in Hangzhou and gradually stopped turning overcast. The northerly wind was 3-4 levels, and the maximum daytime temperature was 17-17 degrees Fahrenheit. 18℃. The atmospheric state and its changes in Hangzhou during this day are called ( )

A. WeatherB. Climate C． MeteorologyD. Climatic characteristics

3. Before and after a chemical reaction, the number of which of the following particles may change ( )

A. Molecule B. Atom C. Proton D. Neutron

4. Which of the following substances is a binary base ( )

A. Soda ash B. Hydrated lime C. Basic copper carbonate D. Caustic soda

5. The picture shows a demonstration experiment in the textbook. The experiment shows: ( )

A. Like a magnet, there is a magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor

B. A current-carrying conductor will experience a force in a magnetic field

C. A part of the conductor in the closed circuit moves in the magnetic field to cut the magnetic field lines, and a current will be generated in the conductor

D. When a conductor is energized, heat energy will be generated

6. Among the following statements, which one is correct ( )

A. The athlete throws the javelin, but the athlete does no work on the javelin

B. The parachute falls vertically, and gravity does work

C. When a person lifts a heavy object through a certain distance in the horizontal direction, the person's lifting force does work on the heavy object

D. The ball rolls a certain distance on the smooth tabletop, and the tabletop's support for the ball does its work

2. Multiple-choice questions (each question is 3 points, ***48 points, only one question per question) The options match the meaning of the question)

7. In April 2002, Chinese scientists led by Hangzhou BGI Gene Research Center and Zhejiang University Bioinformatics Research Center successfully deciphered the rice genome information.

Which of the following statements about rice genetic material is incorrect ( )

A. Rice genes are essentially fragments of the rice DNA molecule that play a genetic role

B. A series of heritable traits such as disease resistance, lodging resistance, high yield and high quality of rice are all determined by genes

C. Rice DNA molecule is a macromolecular chemical substance with a large relative molecular mass

D. It is impossible for genes, DNA, and chromosomes to change in organisms such as rice and humans

8. The following change process belongs to biological evolution ( )

A. Dinosaur eggs turn into dinosaurs B． The ocean turns into land

C. Apes become humans D. Tadpole turns into frog

9. The correct operation of the following experiments is ( )

A. When the solid reactant is heated in the test tube, the mouth of the test tube should be tilted upward to prevent the solid from leaking out

B. Use a tray balance to weigh the substance When using, take the weight directly by hand

C.． The waste liquid after chemical reactions in the laboratory is poured directly into the sewer

D. Neither beakers nor flasks can be heated directly with flames

10. He is a Chinese physicist who presided over the establishment of my country's first nuclear science research base, the Institute of Atomic Energy, trained a large number of young and middle-aged business cadres, personally participated in my country's first atomic bomb explosion test, and made great contributions to the development of my country's atomic energy industry. ( )

A. Li Siguang B. Yuan Longping C. Qian Sanqiang D. Shen Kuo

11. As shown in the picture, it is a rearview mirror installed next to the car cab. It is ( )

A. Convex lens can make the image clear

B. Concave lens can make the image clear

C. Convex mirror can increase the observation range

D. Concave mirror can increase the observation range

12. According to the information in Table 1 and Table 2, and using the physics knowledge you have learned, you can determine which of the following statements is correct ( )

A. The temperature difference between day and night is large in coastal areas, but there is not much difference between day and night temperatures in desert areas

B. The lowest temperature in Antarctica reaches -89.2℃. To measure the temperature in Antarctica, a mercury thermometer should be used

C. Water is often used in car engines to help dissipate heat

D. Water will definitely freeze when it reaches 0℃

Table 1

Substance specific heat (J/kg·℃)

Water 4.2×103

p>

Ice 2.1×103

Sand and gravel 0.92×103

Table 2

Crystal melting point (℃)

Solid alcohol - 117

Solid mercury - 39

Ice 0

13. Which of the following statements about molecules is correct ( )

A. Substances are composed of molecules

B. Molecules are the smallest particles in chemical changes

C. During the process of water vaporization, the distance between water molecules becomes larger

D. Solid and liquid objects can maintain a certain volume because there is only gravity between molecules

14. From the following experimental phenomena or operations, which conclusion is correct ( )

A. Adding BaCl2 solution to the solution produces a white precipitate that is insoluble in dilute nitric acid, indicating that SO42-

must be present in the solution. B. Hydrogen can burn in chlorine, indicating that combustion does not necessarily require oxygen

C. Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the solution, and colorless irritating gas is released, indicating that there is carbonate in the solution

D. The sodium chloride crystal does not conduct electricity, indicating that there are no ions in the sodium chloride crystal

15. In order to reduce the noise generated by high-speed vehicles from disturbing units and residents on both sides of the highway, barriers with a certain height are often erected on both sides of the highway. This effective and feasible measure to prevent noise belongs to ( )

A. Block the organs that sense noise B. Block the way of noise transmission

C. Control the sound sources that generate noise D. Prevent noise from producing echo

16. According to some data, when a tornado blows, its atmospheric pressure can reach 9×104 Pascals.

In a simple flat-roofed factory building with an area of ??200 meters 2, the atmospheric pressure at that time was 1×105 Pascal. If a tornado blew over the roof of the factory building at this time, the force of the atmosphere on the roof of the factory building might be ( )< /p>

A. Direction upward, 2×106 N B. Direction downward, 2×106 N

C. Direction upward, 1.8 × 107 N D. Direction downward, 1.8×107 N

17. Elements X and Y both have three electron shells, and element X has 2 electrons in the outermost shell, and elements X and Y have 7 electrons in the outermost shell. Then the chemical formula of the compound formed by elements X and Y is ( )

A. XY B. XY2 C． X3Y2 D. X2 Y3

18. People often drink Sprite in their daily lives. Which of the following statements about Sprite is correct ( )

A. Within a period of time after drinking Sprite, the pH of the blood in the human body will increase

B. When drinking ice sprite in summer, the main reason why you burp soon after drinking is because the sprite is heated, the solubility of CO2 dissolved in the sprite becomes smaller, and a large amount of CO2 gas is released

C. Drop phenolphthalein indicator into the Sprite, and the Sprite turns red

D. Burping after drinking Sprite is a heat radiation process

19. In the circuit shown in the figure, A1 and A2 are two identical ammeters, both with two ranges of "0-0.6A" and "0-3A". When switch S is closed, both watches have normal indications and the pointers deflect at the same angle, then R1:R2 is ( )

A. l：4B. 4: 1 C. 1:5 D. 5:l

20. As shown in the figure is the schematic diagram of the automatic fire alarm. When a fire alarm occurs, the following changes will occur: (a) the temperature rises and the double-layer metal sheet bends; (b) the contacts are connected to allow current to pass through the working circuit; (c) the electromagnet is magnetic; (d) the armature Be sucked down; (e) Connect the contacts to allow current to flow through the control circuit; (f) The light will turn on, the bell will ring, and an alarm will sound. The correct order of these changes is ( )

A. a, b, c, d, e, f

B． a, e, c, d, b, f

C. a, b, d, c, e, f

D. a, e, d, c, b, f

21. Which of the following statements about iron is correct ( )

A. Iron can undergo displacement reactions with high-temperature water vapor, zinc nitrate solution, and hydrochloric acid

B. The principles of painting or electroplating a layer of other metals on the surface of iron products are the same.

C. The process of iron-making is the oxidation of iron ore (the main component is Fe3O4 or Fe2O3, etc.)

D. Iron is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust

22. Hydrogen fuel cells are a new type of energy device currently actively developed by countries to protect the environment. Its basic principle is: using hydrogen and oxygen as raw materials, through The electrochemical reaction directly generates electrical energy. The temperature generated during operation generally does not exceed 80°C, and the product after the reaction is only water. The following description of hydrogen fuel cells is consistent with the facts: ( )

A. The energy conversion process is: chemical energy - thermal energy - electrical energy

B. All the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen is converted into electrical energy

C. Hydrogen is reduced during the energy conversion process

D. The energy used by hydrogen fuel cells is renewable energy

3. Fill in the blanks (***14 points for this question)

23. (5 points) (1) A classmate watched a circus performance at the Hangzhou Zoo. As soon as the trainer blew a whistle, the black bear began to perform the "unique skill" of riding a bicycle. After it finished performing a show, the trainer immediately fed it It has a little food. The purpose of the trainer is to use unconditioned stimulation (food) to strengthen and consolidate what the black bear has established. At this time, the trainer's "whistle" is a stimulus to the black bear.

(2) Some watermelons are sweet but have many seeds. The sweet taste is because the watermelon plant can use CO2 and H2O as raw materials to synthesize sugar substances through _______ and accumulate them in the fruit; most of the seeds are Because when the watermelon plant blooms, the ______ of the pistil contains multiple _________

24. (4 points) In a certain temperate grassland ecosystem, there are 6 animals, including A, B, C, D, E, and F, which do not represent green plants. Their relationship is: ①C preys on F, E, and A; ②B and AE prey on G; ③D and A prey on B; ④F preys on D and E. Please answer:

(1) The picture on the right is a simplified diagram of the food web in this temperate grassland ecosystem. Please fill in the correct letters in the box on the right.

(2) There is a food chain in this food web, among which the producer is (fill in the letter).

25. (3 points) In an emergency situation where blood of the same type was temporarily lacking, the doctor slowly injected a small amount of type A blood into a patient with type AB blood during the operation. As a result, no agglutination reaction occurred and the operation was successful. In the above clinical blood transfusion example, although the donor's serum contains agglutinins that can compete with the agglutinogens on the recipient's red blood cells, due to the slow transfusion of a small amount of type A blood into the patient's blood, the serum of his type A blood was quickly absorbed. The patient's serum is diluted to a concentration that is too low to cause agglutination of the patient's red blood cells. In addition, since there is no agglutination in the recipient's serum, the donor's red blood cells cannot agglutinate.

26. (2 points) The curves shown in the figure below represent the changes in O2 and CO2 contents in human blood respectively. Please answer according to the picture:

(1) When the blood flows through the capillaries in segment B, oxygen molecules and hemoglobin in the blood move rapidly

(2) Do you think the capillaries in segment B are alveolar capillaries? Blood vessels or capillaries within tissues?

4. Fill-in-the-blank questions (***24 points for this major question)

27. (4 points) On a clear moonlit night, I was enjoying the moon on a cruise ship on the Qiantang River. The ship arrived near the first bridge of the Qiantang River. It is known that the water depth here is 8 meters and the distance from the moon to the earth is 3.84×105 kilometers. The moon-watcher lowered his head The distance between the image of the moon in the river and the surface of the lake is one thousand meters.

28. (4 points) As shown in the figure is a schematic diagram of the crank handle of a water pump. O is the fulcrum. Please draw the moment arms of force F1 and F2 in the diagram on the answer sheet.

29. (5 points) The picture shown is a schematic diagram of an energized solenoid. Please correctly mark the direction of the current in the circuit on the answer sheet. The end represented by the letter A is the pole of the electromagnet.

30． (5 points) The picture shown is a plug-in resistance box used for demonstration in a school laboratory. When the plug is inserted, the plug short-circuit the resistor. When the resistor box in the figure is connected to the circuit, the total resistance of the resistor box is ohms.

31． (6 points) According to reports, in order to quickly transport people and improve urban transportation, the Shanghai maglev train project has been officially launched. The first maglev train will run in early 2003. The maglev train runs from Longyang Road at one end of Shanghai Pudong Metro Line 2 to Pudong International Airport, with a total length of 33 kilometers and two lines. The maximum designed speed of the maglev train is

450 kilometers/ When, the one-way running time is 8 minutes. If there is only one stop during the operation of this interval, then the stop time is minutes. If the total mass of the train is 10 tons, and when the maglev train is running, the strong magnetic force will lift the train 10 centimeters, then the work done to lift the train is J. (Assume that the maglev train runs at maximum speed throughout the entire journey)

5. Fill-in-the-blank question (***22 points for this question)

32. (3 points) Among the three substances: ① petroleum ② carbon monoxide ③ sodium sulfate, the pure substance with reducing properties is the one that is an electrolyte and the one that is a mixture. (Fill in the above blanks with the serial number of the substance)

33. (4 points) (1) It is known that the ionization equation of uranium hydrogen sulfate is as follows: NaHSO4===Na＋＋H＋＋SO42-. The pH of the solution is less than 7. The material category of sodium hydrogen sulfate is. Adding zinc particles to the solution will produce a phenomenon. 是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

（2）向澄清石灰水中通入过量二氧化碳气体，在这过程中，出现的现象是，溶液的质量变化情况是

34． (3 points) There are four colorless solutions A, B, C, and D. We only know that they are hydrochloric acid, potassium carbonate solution, calcium chloride solution, and silver nitrate solution. Mix these four solutions in pairs to conduct an experiment. The relevant phenomena are as follows:

A+B → Bubbles are produced A + C → Precipitation is produced

C + D → Precipitation is produced B + C → No obvious change

Based on the above phenomena, Infer that the chemical formula of A, B, and C is: A B C .

35. (8 points) Ferric chloride is a good water purifier and can be prepared chemically by a variety of methods.

Please write down four chemical equations for producing ferric chloride through one-step chemical reaction using iron and its compounds:

① ②

③ ④

(Note: Do not use iron carbonate as a reactant)

36. (4 points) When a factory was equipping a piece of equipment, it accidentally dropped a precision hollow ball made of magnesium alloy into a deep and small solid cement hole. It could not be taken out with various tools. , someone proposed a method of pouring a certain solution into a small hole to make the ball float. The solubility data of the three existing substances are:

③ 20 40 60 80 100

Copper nitrate 125. l 159.8 178.8 207.8 239.6

Potassium nitrate 31.6 64.0 110.0 169.0 246.0

Potassium chloride 34.0 40.0 45 . 0 51.1 56.7

Note: The density of water is 1 g/cm3. After the solute is dissolved in water, the volume change of the solution is negligible.

Under the premise of ensuring that the ball is not damaged, the solution can theoretically be prepared with the substances in the above table and poured into a small hole to make the ball float. The minimum temperature of the solution should be kept above ℃ . (It is known that the density of the small ball is 1.64 g/cm3). At the lowest temperature calculated above, the mass fraction of the solute in the saturated solution is; if the volume of the small hole is 4000 ml, 4000 ml of the above solution must be prepared. A saturated solution theoretically requires at least grams of solute.

6. Short answer questions (***17 points for this major question)

37. (4 points) A student prepared the following experimental equipment: an iron stand with a pair of iron clamps, a sink, a large syringe, a thin glass tube (one end is fine and made into a nozzle), and a rubber tube (with a water stop clamp) ), a flask, a rubber stopper with a hole and some water (red). He did a beautiful fountain experiment: the result of the experiment was that red water could be seen spraying out from the spout of a thin glass tube inside the flask, and then almost filling the entire flask. The two pictures shown below were taken during two of the experimental steps. Please describe these two experimental steps in brief words based on the situation in the picture, and explain the principle that can form a fountain.

38． (4 points) The picture on the right shows a commonly used heated drinking fountain. In order to facilitate drinking water, a lot of natural science knowledge is used in the design. Please name 2 of the design, structure or features of this drinking fountain. Use examples of applying knowledge from natural sciences and state the principles (principles) on which they are based.

Example: There is an indicator light on the drinking fountain that can only indicate whether it is heated or not. This lamp is made based on the principle that a diode emits light when it is turned on, which saves electricity.

39. (6 points) After learning about catalysts, the students in the research group of a certain class wanted to study whether copper oxide could act as a catalyst in the thermal decomposition reaction of potassium chlorate. They designed the following comparative experiments and follow-up operations:

①Take any two portions of potassium chlorate, put them into two identical test tubes, and add n grams of accurately weighed copper oxide powder to one of them.

② Heat two parts of potassium chlorate correctly at the same time under the same conditions, pass the released gas into the water, and observe the speed of the released gas.

③ Stop heating and cooling, add water to dissolve the reaction mixture originally mixed with copper oxide, filter carefully to obtain the filtrate, wash and dry.

④Observe the status and color of the filtrate.

⑤ Mix the filtrate and carbon powder, heat it at high temperature in a closed container, pass the gas generated by the reaction into the clear lime water, and observe the experimental phenomenon.

(1) Among the above experimental steps, one step is not rigorous enough. Please point out which step it is?

(2) To achieve the purpose of the experiment, in addition to improving the loose experimental steps, an experimental step must also be added. This experimental step is

(3) If another experiment is used The purpose of the experiment can also be achieved by replacing the experiment in step 5 with the device and operation. Please connect the instruments in the picture below into an experimental device that meets the purpose of the experiment. The interface connection sequence of this experimental device is

connect; connect; catch. (The direction of airflow is from left to right)

40. (3 points) About two hundred years ago, many people died from an infectious disease such as smallpox. Smallpox patients would develop many small blisters on their skin.

British doctor Jenner discovered that milkmaids often contracted a mild disease similar to smallpox (cowpox), but female workers who had suffered from cowpox generally did not contract smallpox. So Jenner hypothesized: "...". In order to test the hypothesis, Jenner conducted the following two experiments:

Experiment 1: Removed pus from the blisters of a cowpox patient and scraped it onto the skin of a healthy but susceptible man to smallpox. The result was this A man contracted cowpox but recovered within a few days.

Experiment 2: The pus was taken from the blisters of a smallpox patient and scraped onto the skin of a man who had suffered from cowpox. As a result, the man did not contract smallpox.

(Note: The above experiment was conducted with the prior knowledge and voluntary participation of the men)

Question: (1) The hypothesis put forward by Jenner is:

(2) The results of Experiment 2 show that men who have had cowpox have produced antibodies against the smallpox virus. Jenner gave the man immunity to smallpox through artificial vaccination with cowpox. This immunity is called

7. Analysis and calculation questions (***31 points for this major question)

41． (5 points) People have noticed that China is a developing country with a large population, and the development model of Western countries is not fully applicable to China. For example, if the average beef consumption level of the Chinese, who mainly eat plant-based foods, only reaches 1/2 of that of Americans, they will need to increase their grain supply by 164 million tons per year to increase feed supply. If you produce each ton of grain, you need to provide 0. l tons of nitrogen, then

(1) If all the required nitrogen is provided by chemical fertilizers such as urea [CO(NH2)2], China will need to increase the production of urea by 100 million tons per year. (The result is rounded to two decimal places)

(2) The principle of urea production is

CO2 + 2NH3 CO(NH2)2 + H2O

According to the calculation results of the above question, in order to increase production In order to meet the demand for urea, several more synthetic ammonia (NH3) plants with an annual output of 200,000 tons need to be built. (For column calculation, the factory number is an integer.)

42. (5 points) Tourist yachts are often equipped with life jackets (a brightly colored vest with an inner liner made of foam material with a relatively low density). Please use the requirements and data given below to design a life jacket: ① Designed based on the mass of the person who can be rescued is 80 kilograms ② In order to protect people's safety, wearing this life jacket can make 10% of the person's volume exposed to the water Z ③ The density of the foam material is 0.01 × 103 kg/m3; ④The quality of the fabric and other accessories used to make the life jacket is not counted; ⑤The density of a person can be approximately 1×103 kg/m3.

Please answer:

(1) Why should brightly colored fabrics be used to make life jackets?

(2) Calculate the minimum mass of foam material to make such a life jacket.

43. (7 points) As shown in the figure, it is a schematic diagram of power supply equipment transmitting power to users in residential buildings. In order to ensure that all electrical appliances used by users in residential buildings can work normally, the voltage between the input wires of the residential building must be guaranteed to be 220V. The electrical power consumed in a residential building is shown in the following table:

Electrical appliance name Total power (kilowatt)

Lighting appliance 4

Kitchen appliance 13

Air conditioner 18

Other electrical appliances 9

Find: (1) What is the total power of all electrical appliances in this residential building in kilowatts?

(2) When all electrical appliances are working normally, how many amperes is the current flowing through the transmission line?

(3) If the total resistance of the transmission line is 0. In Europe, due to the increase in household appliances in residential buildings, applications will be made to the power supply department for "capacity increase", that is, to increase the power consumption. When the rated power of the electrical appliances in the residential building is increased to 88 kilowatts and all electrical appliances are working normally, how many kilowatts more power is lost in the transmission line than before the "capacity increase"?

44. (8 points) It is reported that in recent years, water hyacinth (an aquatic plant) has overproduced in some rivers in the Taihu Lake Basin, causing flooding and later rotting, causing river obstructions and the death of a large number of farmed fish. The main cause of excessive reproduction of water hyacinth is . The direct cause of mass deaths of farmed fish is. To prevent this from happening, in addition to applying an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizers in farmland and preventing runoff or manually fishing out water hyacinth, other measures that can be taken are: (just name one). Water hyacinth contains a lot of organic matter. How to turn harm into benefit and utilize it is also a question that people are thinking about. Please give a way to use water hyacinth.

45. (6 points) There is a kind of convenience called "One Pull Heat" in supermarkets to heat food. The heating agent is separately packaged quicklime and water. When using, pull the rope, and the quicklime and water react to release heat and heat the food.

(1) While keeping the total mass of quicklime and water constant, in order to maximize the temperature after the reaction, the mass ratio of quicklime and water is .

(2) If you want to measure "the heat (Q) released by the reaction of a certain amount of calcium oxide and a sufficient amount of water", the following instruments are available: beaker, glass rod, thermometer, alcohol lamp, tray balance, Which is not required.

(3) The data measured during the measurement process are: the mass of water m1, the temperature of the water before the reaction t1, and the maximum temperature of the suspension after adding calcium oxide to the water t2. In addition to the above data, do you think In addition, the data that need to be measured are. (Describe in words and then use symbols)

(4) The calculation formula of the heat (Q) released by the reaction of a certain amount of calcium oxide and water is .

(Assumptions: There is no loss of heat released during the measurement process; the reaction container does not absorb heat; the temperature of the added calcium oxide and the water before the reaction are the same; the specific heat of the generated calcium hydroxide suspension is is "c")