What are the main nectar plants in China? What are their habitat characteristics and honey secretion characteristics?

Rapeseed: alias Brassica, Brassica. Cruciferae, an annual or biennial herb. It can be divided into three types: cabbage type, such as local rape; Mustard type, such as high rape and bitter rape; Cabbage type, such as Shengli rape.

Rape has a large cultivation area, wide distribution area, many varieties, early and long flowering period and rich honey powder, which plays an important role in the reproduction and development of bee colonies in spring. Rape has strong adaptability and likes deep soil, fertile and moist soil. The suitable relative humidity for rape flowering is 70% ~ 80%, the suitable temperature for honey secretion is 18 ~ 25℃, the honey flowing period is 20 ~ 30 days, and the group honey yield can reach more than 10 ~ 30 kg. The flowering period is postponed from south to north, from June 65438+February to July at the latest.

Litchi: Alias Dali, Lizi and Mama Litchi. Sapindaceae, evergreen trees. According to flowering period, it is divided into early, middle and late varieties.

Litchi is a subtropical plant and likes warm and humid climate. It grows best in alluvial soil with deep topsoil and rich organic matter. Mainly distributed in Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan Province and other places. During the flowering period from February to April, the optimum temperature for honey secretion is 20 ~ 28℃, and when it is lower than 16℃ or higher than 32℃, the honey secretion decreases or stops. The population yield 10 ~ 20kg, which is more than 30 ~ 40kg in a good year, has the phenomenon of big and small years. There is more honey and less powder in flowering period.

Longan: Another name is Longan. Sapindaceae, subtropical evergreen trees. Mainly distributed in Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan Province and Hainan provinces.

Longan is suitable for growing in fertile, moist and acidic soil. The flowering period is from mid-March to early June, and the honey secretion period is 15 ~ 20 days. The optimum temperature for flowering is 20 ~ 27℃, the optimum temperature for honey secretion is 24 ~ 26℃, and the relative humidity is 70% ~ 80%. There is a phenomenon of big and small years. The yield of general population is 15 ~ 25 kg, and it can reach about 50 kg in good years. There is more honey and less powder in flowering period.

Chinese milk vetch: alias safflower, grass seed and swallow grass. Leguminosae is widely distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its southern provinces. Annual or biennial herbs.

Chinese milk vetch secretes honey well on moist and refreshing sandy soil, heavy loam soil and calcareous alluvial soil. The suitable temperature for honey secretion is about 25℃, and it is rich in honey powder, and the group yield can reach 20 ~ 50 kg. Jiangsu and Zhejiang Chinese milk vetch blooms in early April, and the honey flowing period is about 20 days.

Citrus: the collective name for the honey source of citrus fruit trees. Citrus is an evergreen tree or shrub, mainly distributed in Sichuan, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces.

Citrus likes warm and humid environment and adapts to neutral to slightly acidic soil. Most species bloom from mid-April to early May, and group flowering lasts for more than 20 days. The optimum temperature for honey secretion at flowering stage is about 22℃, and the maximum amount of honey secretion is about 75% relative humidity. Italian bees can produce about 20 kg, while China bees can produce about 10 kg.

Robinia pseudoacacia: alias Robinia pseudoacacia. Leguminosae, deciduous trees. Mainly distributed in northern Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, southern Liaoning, Beijing and other places.

Robinia pseudoacacia likes moist and fertile soil, which is adaptable and drought-tolerant. The flowering period is from April to June. The suitable temperature for flowering and honey secretion is about 27℃. The population yield can reach 20 ~ 40 kg. Robinia pseudoacacia produces a lot of honey, but it is greatly influenced by climate, especially wind.

Lespedeza: Another name. Leguminosae, deciduous shrub. It is the main honey source in the mountainous areas of northeast China and eastern Inner Mongolia. The flowering period is from the middle and late July to the middle and late August, and the mainstream honey period is more than 20 days.

Lespedeza is born on hillsides, wasteland, forest edges and bushes. The optimum temperature for honey secretion is 25 ~ 28℃. When it is lower than 20℃, honey secretion is less, and it is more under high temperature and high humidity. The population yield can reach 10 ~ 15 kg. There is sufficient powder source in flowering period.

Nitraria: alias spike and bitter spike. Leguminosae, shrub. Mainly distributed in Shaanxi, Gansu, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Tibet, Hubei, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces.

Nitraria tangutorum is drought-resistant and cold-resistant, and has strong adaptability. It is born in forests, forest margins, hillsides and valleys. Generally, it blooms in early May and ends at the end of May. The flowering period is near 1 month, and the flowering period is gradually delayed from south to north. The amount of honey secretion is large, and the optimum temperature for honey secretion is around 25℃. Under the condition of high temperature and high humidity, there is more honey secretion and the age of honey secretion is not obvious. The population yield can reach 20 ~ 30 kg.

Vicia faba: alias Vicia faba and Vicia faba. Leguminosae, an annual or biennial herb. Mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Shandong, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Anhui and other provinces.

Vicia glabra is cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant, barren-tolerant and adaptable. The flowering period in Guangxi is from mid-March to mid-April; Yunnan is from late March to early May; Jiangsu, Anhui and Shandong are from late April to late May. The honey flowing period is 25 ~ 30 days, and the honey secretion is large. The optimum temperature for honey secretion is 24 ~ 28℃, with the most honey secretion above 25℃, and the honey secretion decreases or stops below 20℃. The population yield can reach 30 ~ 40 kg.

Hairy vetch: It is also called hairy vetch, hairy vetch and winter vetch. Leguminosae, an annual or biennial herb. Mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places. The flowering period is delayed from south to north, with Guizhou in mid-March and Shanxi in early July.

The buttercup likes fertile soil with good drainage. The flowering period is more than 20 days, and the honey secretion is the highest at 24 ~ 28℃. The population yield can reach 15 ~ 40 kg.

Sweet clover: alias sweet clover, Qing Zi, sweet clover. Leguminosae biennial herb.

Strong adaptability, drought tolerance, cold tolerance, barren tolerance, salt tolerance, suitable for growing in semi-arid or warm and humid climate environment. There are large areas of cultivation in northwest, north and northeast of China.

In most areas, the flowering period is from the middle and late June to the middle and late July, and the flowering period is 40-50 days, and the colony honey production can reach 20-40 kg.

Sapium sebiferum: alias paper, wood wax tree and wood catalpa tree. Euphorbiaceae, deciduous trees. Mainly distributed in Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan Province and other provinces.

It grows well on wet and sunny sandy loam. The flowering period is from early June to mid-July, and the optimum temperature for honey secretion is 25 ~ 32℃. The population yield can reach 20 ~ 40 kg.

Vitex negundo: alias Chai Jing, Jingzi and Jing Ke. Verbenaceae, deciduous shrubs. It is the main honey source in summer in Liaoning and North China.

Vitex negundo is cold-resistant, drought-resistant, barren-resistant and adaptable. The flowering period is generally from June to July, and the optimum temperature for honey secretion is 25 ~ 28℃. At night, the temperature is high, the humidity is high and sultry, and honey is secreted the most the next day. The bee colony can produce 20 ~ 40 kilograms of honey.

Tilia: It is the general name of Tilia plants, belonging to Tilia family, deciduous trees. Mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi and other provinces, among which Changbai Mountain and Xiaoxing 'anling forest areas are the most.

Tilia amurensis is cold-resistant and fat-loving, with deep roots. Born in broad-leaved mixed forest, common on hillside. Tilia amurensis and Tilia divaricata are the main nectar plants. The flowering period is from early July to late July. The amount of honey secretion is large, and the optimum temperature for honey secretion is 22 ~ 25℃. Honey is secreted the most in the weather with continuous high temperature and high humidity, and the age is obvious. The yield of general population can reach 20 ~ 30 kg, and it can reach more than 50 kg in good years.

Jujube tree: alias jujube, jujube, jujube. Small deciduous trees or trees of rhamnaceae, sparse shrubs. Mainly distributed in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi, Ningxia and other provinces.

Jujube has strong adaptability, drought tolerance, cold tolerance, heat tolerance, waterlogging tolerance and sunshine. The flowering period of the main producing areas is from early May to early June. The optimum temperature of honey secretion is 26 ~ 32℃ in North China Plain and 28 ~ 365,438 0℃ in Loess Plateau. Group production and honey can reach 15 ~ 30 kg.

Sesame: alias flax, fat hemp. Panicum miliaceum of flax family. It is cultivated all over the country, with the largest number in Henan, followed by Anhui, and a certain number in Hubei, Jiangxi, Hebei, Shandong and other provinces.

From June to August, the flowering temperature is 22 ~ 24℃, the honey secretion temperature is 22 ~ 28℃, and the honey secretion decreases when it is lower than 20℃ or higher than 30℃. The population yield can reach 10 ~ 25 kg.

Codonopsis pilosula: alias Taiwan Province Ginseng, Xiancaogen and leafy vegetables. Campanulaceae, a perennial twining herb. Mainly distributed in Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi, Ningxia, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, western Sichuan and Northeast China.

The flowering period is from late July to September. The main factors affecting honey secretion are spring rain and temperature during pregnancy, and spring drought and frost are the most taboo. When the temperature is above 20℃ and the relative humidity is above 70%, honey can be secreted. The population yield can reach 30 ~ 40 kg.

Old melon head: alias Niu Xinbu. Lamiaceae, perennial erect semi-shrub. It is mainly distributed in North China and Northwest China, with the largest number in Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Shaanxi.

Old melon head is cold-resistant, drought-tolerant and likes high temperature. The optimum temperature for honey secretion is 25 ~ 30℃. In the Mu Us Desert, the old melon heads bloom from late May to late July. The population yield can reach 50 ~ 60 kg.

Cotton: A general term for cotton plants of Malvaceae. Panicum miliaceum. It is planted in most parts of the country, and the producing areas are in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Xinjiang.

The flowering period is from July to September, and the optimum temperature for honey secretion is 35 ~ 38℃. Cotton born in loose sandy soil secretes more honey, while cotton with sticky and barren soil secretes less honey. The population yield can reach100 ~150kg.

Sunflower: alias sunflower, sunflower and lotus. Compositae, panicum miliaceum. Mainly distributed in Northeast China, North China and Northwest China.

Sunflower has strong adaptability and salt tolerance, and can be planted in general soil, but fertile chernozem and alluvial soil grow best. From mid-July to mid-August, the optimum temperature for honey secretion is 22 ~ 27℃, and the population yield can reach about 50 kg.

Buckwheat: Alias rye, sweet wheat and triangular wheat. Polygonaceae, panicum miliaceum. Mainly distributed in North China, Northwest China, Southwest China and Inner Mongolia, followed by East China and Northeast China.

Buckwheat has strong vitality and can grow in arid and cold plateau mountainous areas up to 4000 meters. The flowering law is generally delayed from north to south. The flowering period is early August in Heilongjiang, mid-August in Fuxin, Liaoning, late August or early September in Baoding, Hebei, and mid-late September in Xiaogan, Hubei. The optimum temperature of honey secretion is 25 ~ 28℃, and the honey yield of bee colony can reach 30 ~ 40 kg.

Yebazi: alias Yebazi, Yesumu, Elsholtzia, and Saobaqi. Labiatae, herbs to subshrubs. Mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan.

Wild bazi likes plenty of sunshine and fertile soil. The flowering period is 9 ~ 165438+ 10 month, and the most honey is secreted at 20 ~ 22℃. The honey yield of bee colony can reach 65438 05 ~ 20kg.

Elsholtzia densa: Elsholtzia densa, Elsholtzia rugosa. Labiatae, panicum miliaceum. Widely distributed in northwest and southwest China.

Elsholtzia densiflora generally grows in wet forest open spaces, mountain meadows, rivers and hillsides. Flowering from July to September, the optimum temperature for honey secretion is 20 ~ 22℃, and the honey yield can reach 20 ~ 30 kg.

Eucalyptus: Myrtaceae, evergreen tree. Mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Sichuan and other places.

Eucalyptus likes warm and humid climate and grows best in deep, fertile and humid neutral soil. The flowering period of Eucalyptus grandis is from early September to late June165438+1October. The optimum temperature of honey secretion is about 20℃, and the honey yield of bee colony can reach 20 ~ 30 kg.

Berry: the general term for nectar plants of the family Theaceae. Also known as wild osmanthus, mountain osmanthus and so on. Evergreen shrubs or trees. Among Tilia plants, Tilia amurensis, Tilia winged Tilia, Tilia slender, broken rice flower, Tilia pubescens, Tilia quadrangularis and so on are valuable for beekeeping. Mainly distributed in South China and Central China.

He likes warm, humid and rainy environment, and is born in acidic or neutral soil. The flowering period is generally from June 10 to March of the following year, the optimum temperature for honey secretion is 14 ~ 20℃, and the population yield can reach 20 ~ 30 kg.

Goose web purple: alias: Acanthopanax Eight Leaves, Wild Horse Chasing, etc. Araliaceae, evergreen trees or shrubs. Mainly distributed in Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan. The climate is sunny, warm and humid. The flowering period is from June 10 to June 10 of the following year. The optimum temperature for honey secretion is 8 ~ 22℃, and the population yield can reach 10 ~ 15 kg.

Loquat: alias Luju, Rosaceae, small evergreen tree. Mainly distributed in the provinces south of the Yangtze River.

It likes warm and humid climate and grows well in neutral or slightly acidic soil with good drainage, deep soil layer and rich humus. The flowering period is 1 1 to 12 in Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and 1 1 in Fujian. The optimum temperature for honey secretion is 65438 08 ~ 22℃. The honey yield of bee colony can reach 5 ~ 10 kg.