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An insect of Bombycidae, native to China, is domesticated and raised indoors, so it is also called silkworm. Silkworm rearing and silk utilization is an important event in human life. It was recorded in China about 4,000 years ago, and at least 3,000 years ago, China began to raise silkworms artificially. In 55 1 year, two foreign monks brought cocoons to Europe. The moth body is of medium size, the male and female antennae are comb-toothed, and the male comb-toothed is slightly longer; The beak is degenerated, the lower lip must be short, there is no monocular, the body wings are grayish white, and the wing veins are grayish brown. When silkworms spin silk and form cocoons, their heads keep swinging, weaving silk into neat ∝-shaped circles. Move your position every time you weave more than 20 times (called a silk row), and then continue to spit and weave the silk row below. Weave one end first and then the other, so the cocoon of silkworm is always thick at both ends and thin in the middle. Every time a silkworm produces a cocoon, it needs to change its position 250-500 times to weave more than 60,000 splayed silk loops, with an average length of 0.92 cm, and the silk length of a cocoon can reach1500-3000m. The secretion in the silk gland is completely exhausted and becomes a moth.

The most common silkworm, also known as silkworm, is one of the economic insects that cocoon on mulberry leaves. Silkworm originated in China, its development temperature is 7-40℃, and its suitable feeding temperature is 20-30℃.

Silkworm has experienced silkworm eggs, ants, mature silkworms, cocoons and moths for more than forty days in its life.

The newly hatched silkworm babies are as black as ants, and we call them "ant silkworms". Their bodies are covered with fine hairs, which will not be obvious in about two days. Silkworm ants will have an appetite about 40 minutes after hatching, and then start the feeding process.

Silkworm babies feed on mulberry leaves After eating mulberry leaves continuously, the body gradually turned white and began to peel after a period of time. When peeling, they don't eat or move for a day or so like sleeping. This is called "dormancy". Once skinned, it is the second instar larva. Even if they skin it once, it will add a year. * * * It takes five times to become a sixth instar larva.

Six-year-old larvae need two days and two nights to cocoon, and the silk for cocoon can be extracted as long as 1.5 km! The silkworm peeled its cocoon for the last time and became a pupa. After about 10 days, they come out of the cocoon in the form of silkworm moths. After cocoon emergence, the female moth smells from the tail to lure the male moth to mate, and the male moth dies after mating. A female moth can lay about 500 eggs a night and then die slowly.

[Edit this paragraph] Morphological characteristics

Silkworm life: here is a brief introduction to the morphology of silkworm eggs, pupae and moths and the growth characteristics of silkworm.

Silkworm eggs: Silkworms reproduce with eggs. Silkworm eggs look like fine sesame seeds, about 1 mm wide and about 0.5 mm thick. A female moth can lay 400~500 silkworm eggs, 1700~2000 silkworm eggs, weighing about1g. The color of silkworm eggs, which is light yellow or yellow at first, changes to light red bean color and red bean color after 1~2 days, and turns to grayish green or purple after 3~4 days, which is called color fixing. The outer layer of silkworm eggs is a hard eggshell with yolk and serosa inside. Embryos in fertilized eggs constantly absorb nutrients during development and gradually develop into ant silkworms, which crawl out of the eggshell and turn white or light yellow after the eggshell is empty.

Ant silkworm: When the silkworm hatches from the silkworm eggs, its body color is brown or reddish brown, extremely small and hairy, and it looks a bit like an ant, so it is called ant silkworm. Ant silkworm is about 2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. After it crawls out of the eggshell, it will eat mulberry leaves in 2-3 hours.

Silkworm babies sleep: Silkworm babies eat a lot of mulberries, so they grow fast and their body color gradually fades. However, its food intake gradually decreased, and even it was completely fasted. It spits out a small amount of silk, fixes its abdomen and feet on the silkworm seat, raises its head and chest, stops moving, and seems to be asleep, which is called "sleep". Sleeping silkworms, seemingly motionless in appearance, are preparing to shed their skin inside. After peeling off the old skin, the growth of silkworm has entered a new era, from ant silkworm to spinning cocoon and molting for four times. Sleepiness is one of the growth characteristics of silkworms, which is a genetic trait of silkworms and is also affected by the environment. At present, the silkworms bred in China are four dormant varieties.

Silkworm age: also known as age, refers to the fact that silkworm babies are at a certain stage of development. The first age is from the ant silkworm to the first molting; Enter the second age after sleeping; Enter the third age after molting again; After the third molting, it enters the fourth age, and the fourth molting is also called sleeping. After a deep sleep, they enter the fifth age. The fifth instar silkworm grows very fast, with a body length of 6-7 cm and a weight of 654.38+0.0000 times that of the ant silkworm.

Mature silkworm: By the end of the fifth instar, the silkworm baby gradually shows mature characteristics: first, the discharged feces change from hard to soft, from dark green to leaf green; Loss of appetite, decreased consumption of mulberry; The front digestive tract is empty and the chest is transparent; Then stop eating completely, the body drive is shortened, and the abdomen tends to be transparent. Silkworm's head and chest are raised, its mouth is full of silk, and it swings from side to side to find the breeding place of cocoon. Such silkworms are called mature silkworms.

Cocoon formation at the adult stage: People put mature silkworms in special containers or on cocoon traps, and silkworms will spin silk and form cocoons.

Cocoon formation can be divided into four processes: 1. Mature silkworms first spit out their own silk and stick it on the cocoon feeder, and then spit it out to connect the surrounding cocoons to form a cocoon forming bracket, that is, a cocoon forming net. The cocoon net has no cocoon shape, but some soft and messy cocoon silk layers as the support for cocoon formation. 2. After the silkworm forms a cocoon web, it constantly spits out messy silk loops, thickens the inner layer of the cocoon web, and then spins in an S-shape, and the outline of the cocoon begins to appear, which is called a cocoon clothing. The silk fibers in cocoon shell are thin and brittle, with extremely irregular arrangement and high sericin content. 3. After the cocoon layer is formed, the cocoon cavity gradually becomes smaller, and the front and rear ends of the silkworm body bend backward to form a "C" shape. Silkworms continue to spit out cocoon silk, and the way of spinning silk is transformed from s to infinity, and the process of cocoon formation begins. 4. When the silkworm's body is greatly reduced due to a large amount of spinning, the swinging speed of the head and chest slows down, and there is no certain rhythm, and the spinning begins to appear messy, forming a loose and soft cocoon silk layer, which is called pupa lining.

Silkworm pupae: Silkworms will become pupae after 4 days of cocoon formation. Silkworm pupa is shaped like a rotating pestle, which is divided into three parts: chest and abdomen. The head is small, with compound eyes and tentacles; The chest has chest feet and wings; The bulging abdomen has nine nodes. Professional workers can distinguish men and women from the lines and brown spots on the abdomen of silkworm chrysalis. When the silkworm chrysalis is just pupated, its body color is light yellow, the pupa is tender and soft, and it will gradually turn yellow, brown or brown, and the pupa skin will become hard. After about 12 to 15 days, when the pupa body becomes soft again and the pupa skin is a little wrinkled and brown, it will become a moth.

Silkworm moth (adult): Silkworm moth is shaped like a butterfly and covered with white scales, but it has lost its ability to fly because of its small wings. The head of silkworm moth is spherical, with compound eyes and tentacles protruding; The chest has three pairs of chest feet and two pairs of wings; There is no abdominal foot in the abdomen, and the terminal body segment has evolved into an external genitalia. Female moths are big and slow to crawl; Male moths are small, crawling fast, and their wings vibrate fast, looking for a mate. Generally, after mating for 3 to 4 hours, the female moth can give birth to fertilized eggs. After mating, the male moth dies, and the female moth can lay about 500 eggs a night, and then slowly die.

The egg laid by silkworm moth → hatching silkworm → pupation → moth transformation completes the new generation cycle. This is the life history of silkworms.

[Edit this paragraph] Variety classification

silkworm

Also known as silkworm, it is one of the economic insects that feed on mulberry leaves and spin cocoons. It belongs to LEPIDOPTERA and Bombyx mori. Silkworm originated in China, its development temperature is 7-40℃, and its rearing temperature is 20-30℃, which is mainly distributed in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions.

Silkworm is an oligophagous insect. It not only likes to eat mulberry leaves, but also likes to eat raw vegetable leaves, zhe leaves, Broussonetia papyrifera leaves, elm leaves, duck onions, dandelion leaves and lettuce leaves. Mulberry leaves are the most suitable natural food for silkworms. Silkworm is a completely abnormal insect, which has to go through four completely different stages of development: egg, larva, pupa and adult. It takes 22-26 days from hatching to spinning and cocoon formation in larval stage. A silkworm eats about 200-25 grams of mulberry leaves in its lifetime. Generally, after four times of sleep and molting, its weight increases by about 654.38+0.0000 times during extreme growth. The consumption of mulberry leaves in the last stage accounts for more than 85% of the total consumption of mulberry leaves. Silkworm cocoons can be reeled. Silk is an excellent textile fiber and a raw material for making silks and satins. Silkworm pupa is edible. Silkworm moth and silkworm excrement are comprehensively utilized and are raw materials for many chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Silkworm excrement pillow has the effects of expelling wind and removing dampness, strengthening brain and improving eyesight.

tussah

Silk-spinning insects that feed on oak leaves. It belongs to LEPIDOPTERA, Bombycidae, and its scientific name is Tussah. Originated in China, the development temperature is 8-30℃, the optimum development temperature is 1 1-25℃, and the optimum temperature is 22-24℃. Mainly distributed in China. It is also distributed in North Korea, South Korea, Russia, Ukraine, India and Japan.

Tussah feeds on leaves of Quercus plants in FAGACEAE, such as Quercus acutissima and Quercus mongolica. You can also eat the leaves of Artemisia, hawthorn, chestnut, maple, pear, apple and other plants. Tussah is a completely metamorphosed insect, which has to go through four stages of development with completely different morphology and physiological functions: egg, larva, pupa and adult. After four times of sleep and molting. Every molting is 1 time, increasing by 1 year. It takes about 50 days for a silkworm to mature and cocoon from hatching to 5th instar. Spring silkworms eat about 30-35g leaves all their lives, and 50-58g leaves in autumn. Among them, the big gnawing leaves account for more than 80% of the total leaf consumption. The weight of spring silkworm is 14g, and that of autumn silkworm is about 21g. When it grows to the extreme, the weight of wild silkworm is about 2000-3000 times higher than that of ant wild silkworm. Tussah cocoon can be reeled, tussah silk is the raw material of tussah silk, tussah pupa is edible, and it is the raw material of chemical industry, medicine and food industry together with silkworm moth. Eggs are good intermediate hosts for biological control of Trichogramma.

castor silkworm

An economic insect that feeds on the leaves of castor silkworm and cocoons. It belongs to LEPIDOPTERA, Bombycidae, and its scientific name is Philosamia Cynthia Ricini Bois Duval. Ricinus communis originated in Assam, northeastern India, and was introduced from India in the18th century. It was introduced and raised in China, the United States, Sri Lanka, Malta, Italy, the Philippines, Egypt, Japan, North Korea and other countries. The first generation of castor silkworm goes through four development stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. The egg stage is about 10d, the larvae sleep for 20 days, the pupa stage is about 20d, and the first generation is about 45-50d. It is difficult to hatch when the egg period is below 16.5℃ or above 32℃, and the suitable temperature is about 25℃. The suitable temperature for feeding in larval stage is about 24℃. The protection temperature of pupa is about 25℃ and the relative humidity is 75%-90%. Grow to the extreme, weighing about 7g, about 5400 times higher than ant silkworm.

Ricinus communis cocoon can't be reeled, but can be used as raw material to spin Ricinus communis silk. Also, castor blended spun silk is blended with silkworm waste silk, tussah waste silk, ramie and chemical fiber.

Cassava silkworm

When castor silkworm feeds on cassava, it is commonly called cassava silkworm in production. It's actually castor silkworm. 1956 In Cenxi County, Guangxi Province, cassava leaves were successfully used to raise castor silkworm, which was later extended to neighboring counties and is now called cassava silkworm. Guangdong and Fujian have also been raised. Its habits and characteristics are the same as those of castor silkworm.

silkworm

When castor silkworm feeds on mulberry leaves, it is commonly known as silkworm in production. During the period of 1965, the sericulture experimental station of Tu and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan Province successfully used wild mulberry leaves to raise castor silkworm. Because it's called horse silkworm. Compared with the rearing of castor leaves, the silkworm reared with silkworm develops slowly, and will grow for 2-4 days at the whole age, but the cocoon layer weight is the same, which can reach 0.34-0.42g g. It is also reared in Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, Gansu, Shaanxi and other provinces. Its habits and characteristics are the same as those of castor silkworm.

Huili silkworm

Namely castor silkworm. It is the transliteration name of castor silkworm. The origin of Ricinus communis is Arrom in the northeast of India, which is called the Ricinus communis Delta by local people. The Japanese transliteration of eri-silk is Huili. When castor was introduced into China, it was also called "Huili Silkworm". Because it means "Huili", it is affordable, profitable and easy to popularize. At that time, some people in China translated eri-silkworm into "Erie silkworm" and "Ili silkworm".

Giant silkworm

One of the economic insects that cocoon by feeding on the leaves of tussah plants in FAGACEAE, such as Tussah from Liaodong, Tussah from Mongolia, Tussah from Tientree and Tussah from Pointed Angle. It belongs to LEPIDOPTERA, Bombycidae, and is also a famous silkworm. Its scientific name is Antheraea Yamamaiguren-Meneville, which is mainly distributed in China, North Korea, South Korea and Japan. The wild silkworm is a completely metamorphosed insect, and its egg period is about 270 days. It takes about 50-60 days from hatching to cocoon formation, 7-8 days from cocoon formation to pupation, and 20-30 days from pupation to emergence. The optimum temperature of warm eggs is 65438 08℃, and the relative humidity is 75%-85%. The optimum temperature for eclosion is 22-26℃. To the extreme growth, the weight of 17-20g is about 4000 times higher than that of ant silkworm.

The color of natural cocoon is green, which can be reeled, and the silk is beautiful and soft, which can keep natural green without dyeing and has a unique luster. Woven silk is gorgeous and beautiful, and it is a high-grade silk fabric.

Amber silkworm

An economic insect that spins cocoons and feeds on nanmu leaves, also known as Assam or Jiamu silkworm. Lepidoptera, Bombycidae, mainly distributed in China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan and other places. The suitable growth conditions are 4-25℃ and 75%-80% relative humidity. When the temperature exceeds 35℃ and the relative humidity is lower than 65%, it is difficult for larvae to survive. Amber silkworms can eat the leaves of several plants, mainly nanmu leaves, leaves of evergreen plants such as Rubiaceae and tiger thorns, and leaves of plants such as Michelia and Cinnamomum cassia. It is multi-chemical and can be harvested 4-5 times a year. Generally, it takes 25-35 days from hatching to cocoon formation, 2-3 days for cocoon formation, 3-4 days for spawning, 7-8 days in summer and 14- 15 days in winter.

Cocoons are golden yellow and can be reeled. Silk is tough and has amber luster, so it is called "amber silkworm", and its fabric is used to make expensive clothes.

Camphor silkworm

An economic insect that cocoons and feeds on camphor leaves. Also known as wild silkworm, maple silkworm, silkworm fishing and so on. It belongs to Lepidoptera, Bombycidae, and its scientific name is eriogyna (Saturn ia) pyretoum Westwood. Cinnamomum camphora mainly feeds on the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora with good silk quality, while other moths feed on maple leaves, willow leaves, wild roses, pears, pomegranates, purple bark trees and leaves of families with poor silk quality. The main areas are China, Viet Nam, Indian and other countries, and the largest output is Hainan Island in China. Silkworm of Cinnamomum camphora produces one generation a year and diapauses in pupa state. The optimum temperature for adult emergence is 16- 17℃. Silkworm Cinnamomum camphora * * * experienced 8 instars, and the total age was about 80 days. At maturity, the weight of female silkworm is 16g, and that of male silkworm is 10g. Silkworm breeders generally don't allow them to cocoon. Instead, when they mature, they first soak the mature silkworms in water, then tear their belly between the second and third abdominal legs with their hands, take out two silk glands and soak them in glacial acetic acid (concentration 2.5%), and then spin them after 5-7 minutes, which can be stretched to about 200cm. It is smooth and transparent after washing, tough and waterproof, and transparent in water. It is the best Diaoyutai. About 1000 tablets can be stretched to 500g, which can be refined into high-quality suture for surgery. Silkworm cocoons of camphor trees can also be reeled, but the quantity is very small. Only China produces camphor silk in the world.

Chestnut silkworm

An economic insect that spins silk and forms cocoons and mainly feeds on walnut leaves and chestnut leaves. It belongs to LEPIDOPTERA, Bombycidae, and its scientific name is Dicty-opoea japonica Moore, which is distributed in China, Japan and other places. Mainly eat leaves such as walnuts, chestnuts, apricots, Pterocarya stenoptera, sweet potato, sweet potato, camphor tree and elm tree. Cocoons that eat walnut leaves are heavy and thick, and those that eat jackgrass and chestnut leaves are even worse. In Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Jiangxi, Guangxi and other provinces, one generation is completed every year and overwinters with eggs. In some wild situations, larvae hatch in late May, sleep for 4 or 5 hours, mature in late June, and mature into cocoons in about 50 days. Cocoons are lantern-shaped, with different mesh sizes. It takes about 2 days to cocoon and pupate after 3-5 days. Cocoons can be reeled and used as raw materials for silk spinning, and the quality of silk is excellent. Chestnut silkworms can also take silk glands out of the belly of mature silkworms, soak them in acid and stretch them into fisherman's silk or medical silk.

castor silkworm

The staple food is Ailanthus altissima (Ailanthus altissima), which is also an economic insect that spins cocoons, such as tallow, castor, holly, Michelia, paulownia, Indus, camphor leaves and so on. It belongs to LEPIDOPTERA, Bombycidae, and its scientific name is Philo samia cyntia Walker et Fdlker. Also known as Toona sinensis and tallow. Distributed in China, Japanese and Indian countries. China is distributed in Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan and other provinces. There are 1 chemistry, 2 chemistry and even 4 chemistry. Cold region 1, Taiwan Province Province 4. Silkworm stage is 30-40d. Mature silkworms pick 2-3 leaves and spin cocoons. Cocoon is grayish brown, spindle-shaped, with a hole at the top and a slender cocoon handle. Cocoon weight is about 3g, cocoon layer weight is about 0.3g, and cocoon layer rate is 10%- 12%. Soil silk is generally used in rural areas, and the woven silk is called Toona sinensis silk.

Chinese tallow tree

One of the economic insects that spin cocoons belongs to Lepidoptera, Bombycidae, and its scientific name is Attacus a tlas Linnaeus. Also known as Dashan silkworm and Big Sapium sebiferum silkworm. Distributed in China, Indian, Japanese, Vietnamese and other countries. China is mainly produced in Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian provinces. 2 or 3, overwintering in pupa state. April-165438+ 10 is the feeding season. Eat coral leaves, but also Chinese tallow leaves, maple trees, Hollyleaf and so on. Larvae is 6 or 7 years old, the whole age of spring and summer silkworm is about 35 days, and autumn silkworm is about 40 days. The total cocoon weight is 6.5- 10g, the cocoon layer weight is 0.9- 1. 1g, and the cocoon layer rate is about 10%. Silkworm cocoons can spin spun silk with good tensile strength, and the spun silk is called "water?" Silk.

Willow silkworm

One of the economic insects that spin cocoons belongs to Lepidoptera, Bombycidae, and its scientific name is Actias selene Hubner. Also known as the big green moth silkworm, the middle silkworm. Distributed in China, Japanese and Indian countries. They are all over China. Silkworm 1 has 2-3 generations (rarely 4 generations) and overwinters as pupae. Mainly eat willow, Pterocarya stenoptera, butter, camphor, paulownia and other leaves. Mature cocoon between leaves, large and dark brown, can be reeled more than 300m m m.

Tiger silkworm

A kind of silkworm, which will be covered with black stripes when it grows up. Tiger silkworms, usually called "tiger silkworms", tend to attack silkworms (ant silkworms), and some tiger silkworms will eat them. Remember to keep the ant silkworm and the tiger silkworm together, and generally keep the ant silkworm and the tiger silkworm separately.

[Edit this paragraph] Artificial farming

Preparation before sericulture:

On the basis of planting mulberry leaves, prepare silkworm houses and silkworm tools; Seven days before sericulture, spray 1% strong chlorine essence for disinfection, and use half a catty of liquid medicine per square meter. Seal for more than 24 hours after spraying. At the same time, the environment around the silkworm house should be sprayed and disinfected.

Green promotion:

On the eighth day or so, a small black spot called Dianqing can be seen at one end of silkworm eggs. If a silkworm egg is 20% blue, cover it with black cloth. From the day of Yunnan celebration, take off the black cloth at 5 am on the third day and turn on the light to hatch.

Ant collection:

After 3-4 hours of light, spring silkworms can pick ants at 9 am, and summer and autumn silkworms can pick ants at 7-8 am. Ant picking method: cut the first spreading leaf of mulberry into 0. A small square of 5 cm uses about 5 times as many leaves as ants. Sprinkle it on a dustpan with plastic film, take silkworm egg paper in one hand and silkworm chopsticks in the other, pat the back of the silkworm egg paper evenly, let the silkworm eggs fall off the dustpan, and then scrape the silkworm eggs with goose feathers to form a circle.

Feeding of young silkworms:

1, temperature and humidity adjustment: 1-3 years old is called a young silkworm, and the environment required by the young silkworm is high temperature and high humidity. 1-2 years old, the suitable temperature is 26-27 degrees and the relative humidity is 90%. Therefore, the silkworm of 1-2 years old adopts full-prevention dry culture, that is, plastic film is covered; The third age is semi-protected, that is, it is only covered with plastic film, and the temperature is kept at 26-27 degrees and the relative humidity is 85%.

2. Leaves for young silkworms: 65,438+0-year-old mulberry leaves with yellow leaves and green leaves, 65,438+0 kg for one silkworm; Counting buds from the top of the second instar, the fourth leaf is yellow-green, and one silkworm leaf is 3 kg; The 5th-6th leaves of the 3rd instar silkworm are light green and shiny, with one leaf10-12kg; The first and second instar silkworms cut the mulberry leaves into cubes 1.5 times the length of the silkworms, and the third instar silkworms cut the leaves into triangles for feeding, and the amount of mulberry to be fed each time should be controlled in the silkworm bed before the next feeding.

3. Mulberry feeding frequency and time: 4 times a day, at 7: 00 am, at noon 1 1: 00, at 4: 00 pm, at afternoon10; Silkworms grow and develop rapidly, and every time they feed mulberry, they should be combined with expanding their seats.

4. Treatment before going to bed: (1) Sand removal before going to bed: The body color of young silkworms turns white, the body is shortened, and the body surface is tense and shiny. Some one-year-old silkworms are attached to silkworm droppings. When the second and third instar silkworms have the phenomenon of carrying silkworms, the mulberry can be netted and desanded before going to bed. (2) Raising green: If some silkworms are asleep and others are awake, we should put more nets on the mulberries, pull up the silkworms that can't sleep, and move them to another dustpan to continue feeding until they fall asleep.

5. Protection during sleep: keep the silkworm bed dry in the middle and early stages of sleep, sprinkle lime powder on the silkworm bed and maintain a relative humidity of 80%; When silkworms hatch, the room should be humid and the relative humidity should be kept at 85%; If the humidity is not enough, you can sprinkle water on the ground to make up the humidity.

6. Sleep and eat: When more than 95% of the sleeping silkworms have shelled, the head turns from gray to brown, and the head is obviously enlarged. At this time, young silkworms can eat, and the mulberry leaves they eat should be slightly tender and the amount of mulberry should be less.

Silkworm rearing:

1. Feeding method: 4-5-year-old silkworms are in the big silkworm stage, and the suitable growth temperature is 25 degrees. Silkworms have weak resistance to high temperature, high humidity and carbon dioxide, eat more mulberries and have more feces. Indoor ground feeding and outdoor greenhouse feeding can be adopted.

2. Move the silkworm to the ground: clean the silkworm house and disinfect it with 1% bleaching powder. When it is dry, sprinkle a layer of lime powder on the ground, feed the silkworm to a leaf and move it to the ground to breed.

3. Reasonable mulberry feeding: The 4th instar silkworm is the transition period from silkworm growth to silk gland growth, and malnutrition will affect the yield and quality. Mulberry leaves are required to be fresh and of good quality, and 7- 15 leaves below the terminal bud are selected for feeding, so as to achieve the purpose of good satiety of mulberry leaves; The amount of mulberry used by the fifth instar silkworm accounts for about 85% of the total amount of mulberry used. This period is the key period for rational utilization of mulberry and improving the benefit of mulberry leaves. The feeding method of pine with two tight ends in the middle is as follows: strictly control the amount of leaves on 1-2 or 5-7 days of the fifth instar until the next mulberry; On the third to sixth day, silkworms should be full; Move the silkworm every time you feed the leaves, expand the seat and keep the silkworm head even.

4. Do a good job in the hygiene of the silkworm seat: disinfect the silkworm seat with fresh lime powder every morning during the big silkworm period. It's rainy and humid. Sprinkle lime powder twice a day to keep it ventilated and dry.

5. Cocoon picking: After 6-7 days, the five-year-old silkworm stops eating mulberry and discharges a lot of green soft feces, with transparent chest, slightly soft body and sallow head. At this time, 3-4 square clusters are alternately overlapped and placed horizontally, and mature silkworms are evenly spread on the clusters. After the silkworm climbed up, it hung a cluster hook. Good ventilation should be maintained during the cluster, and the temperature of 24 degrees and humidity of 85% should be maintained in the cluster. Generally, silkworm cocoons can be picked and sold 6 days after cocoon formation in spring and 4-5 days after cocoon formation in summer and autumn.

Feeding techniques of spring silkworm

Do a good job of disinfection before sericulture to reduce the incidence of silkworm children

Cleaning and disinfection before sericulture is the top priority of the whole disease prevention and disinfection work, and it is also the premise of high cocoon yield. In order to improve the disinfection effect, the disinfection steps should be "one sweep, two washes, three scrapes, four wipes and five coats"; In the process of disinfection, there are six requirements: the silkworm house should be cleaned, the silkworm utensils should be washed, the medicine preparation should be accurate, the liquid medicine should be sprayed evenly, the utensils should be destroyed, and the disinfected utensils should be kept well.

Do a good job of supplementing green and promoting green, and improve the single-day incubation rate.

The quality of supplementary hatching is directly related to the hatching rate of one day. Silkworm farmers should pay attention to supplementary incubation, mainly by temperature and humidity control and shading. Silkworm eggs should be spread out in time after they arrive at the house, and the temperature should be controlled at 78-79℉ and the humidity difference should be 2℉. On the night before collecting ants, the temperature should be raised to 80-8 1℉, and the humidity difference should be 1℉. At the same time, the hatching should be strictly covered when supplementing green, so as to achieve the purpose of uniform hatching.

Put an end to open flame heating to ensure the safety of silkworm babies

There are great security risks in heating with open flame: First, it is easy to cause carbon monoxide and other waste gas poisoning of breeders, and silkworm farmers are sent to hospital for rescue or even death every year in our city because of open flame heating; Second, the temperature is difficult to control. Too high temperature will affect the physique of silkworms, and even dry them to death. Third, it is prone to fire accidents. At the same time, there is a shortage of spring silkworms this year, and there are no ready eggs everywhere. If the silkworm eggs are poisoned, it is irreversible. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of silkworm eggs, we should vigorously promote dark fire heating, promote ground fire dragon, sky fire dragon, electric furnace, wall-hung boiler and other forms of dark fire heating, or transform open fire heating facilities, increase ventilation outdoor flue to prevent open fire heating; When feeding silkworms in the silkworm room, there should be more than two people to take care of each other and rescue them in time when poisoning occurs; Silkworm farmers who have no facilities or poor conditions for rearing young silkworms and have a small amount of rearing advocate joint rearing, centralized rearing of young silkworms or rearing by small silkworm companies; The small silkworm room should be ventilated frequently to keep the indoor air fresh.

Pay close attention to the weather and the news of silkworms, and Qi Xin works together to prevent fluoride.

According to the forecast of the meteorological department, the precipitation in May this year was less and the temperature was higher, and the longest continuous sunny days could reach 7-8 days, which was a climate year with heavy fluorine pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on the close cooperation of various departments to strengthen the fluoride prevention work of spring silkworm. First, we must implement the municipal government's anti-fluorine ceasefire measures during the spring silkworm season; Second, pay close attention to the weather and silkworm news changes during sericulture. Once there are signs of fluorosis, agricultural anti-fluorine measures such as batch feeding, adjusting leaf position and lime washing should be taken in time to reduce losses.

Advocate the use of core picking technology to improve the yield and quality of mulberry leaves.

Core picking is picking tender heads from new shoots of mulberry trees, which can accelerate the maturity of tender leaves and improve the yield and quality of mulberry leaves. The method is: before leaves are used 10 days or so, according to the plan of mulberry leaves, cut into pieces in batches and pick the core. Degree of core picking: generally, the degree of picking off the tender head of magpie mouth is the degree.

Pay attention to disease prevention and virus prevention, and reduce the loss of silkworm diseases and poisoning.

In the process of feeding, fresh lime powder, anti-disease 1 No.,antibiotics and silkworm killer should be used frequently to disinfect and prevent diseases of silkworm beds, so as to minimize the loss of silkworm diseases. At the same time, fresh lime powder, anti-disease 1 and other volatile drugs should be stored in a sealed way and tied tightly with the back pocket. When picking mulberry leaves near mulberry fields of other crops, you must try them before eating them to prevent silkworm poisoning accidents caused by spraying pesticides on other crops.

Strengthen ventilation, feed and raise silkworms.

Due to the large amount of mulberry eaten by silkworms in the big silkworm period, there is a lot of excrement, which is not resistant to high temperature and high humidity. Therefore, special attention should be paid to ventilation in the big silkworm period, so as to open the door and open the window to raise silkworms, so as to eat sparingly and be full. In three days, each silkworm can put more than 40 square meters of silkworm seat area and give enough mulberry leaves to feed the silkworm.

Grasping Mountain Pass to Improve the Yield and Quality of Spring Cocoons

Doing well in sericulture is an important measure to improve the quality of cocoon production. First, choose climbing equipment with safety awareness. In recent years, a large number of cocoon-free silkworms have appeared in a few areas due to the influence of grass pesticide residues. Due to the outbreak of rice planthopper last year and the large-scale pest control of late rice, the rice straw, as the top cover of spring silkworm, is more toxic. If you don't pay attention to the selection and treatment of the top cover, similar accidents are likely to happen. It is recommended to use excellent tools such as square clips and plastic folding clips when climbing. When selecting rice straw utensils, we should try to choose rice straw with less pesticide pollution, make full use of leisure time in the early stage of sericulture and fully expose it to the sun to discharge residual pesticides as much as possible. The second is to strengthen cocoon ventilation. After all mature silkworms go up the mountain to form cocoons into a net, the doors and windows of the cocoon layer room are opened for ventilation, so that silkworms can spit out all cocoon silk substances, increase the number of cocoon layers and improve cocoon quality.