A popular science paper about 1500 words about human and climate.

At the beginning of the new year, abnormal weather appeared all over the world, highlighting the grim trend of global warming. The ozone hole over Antarctica is expanding year by year, polar bears can't hibernate, the winter temperature in new york is 22 degrees Celsius, the sea level is rising year by year, and so on. Scientists even predict that 20 10 will probably surpass 1998, becoming the hottest year since meteorological records began. So, what causes global warming? How do we deal with global climate change? Global warming has become a reality. Carbon dioxide allows sunlight to pass through the atmosphere smoothly, preventing surface heat loss. At the end of the ice age, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere was only 180ppm, so that era was frozen; Since then, the earth has warmed and the concentration of carbon dioxide has increased to 280ppm. But in the past century and a half, its concentration has risen to 380ppm, and it is getting higher and higher. Among the 20 hottest years on record, 19 occurred after 1980. The most sensitive to global warming are the Arctic and Antarctic, where glaciers and ice sheets are melting. The 30-year meteorological data research report recently published by the British Antarctic Research Station shows that the warming rate in the Antarctic region is three times the average warming rate of the earth. Since 2002, the melting of Antarctic glaciers has caused the world sea level to rise by about 0.4 mm per year. The situation in the Arctic is even worse. In the past five years, the melting rate of Greenland glaciers has doubled. It is estimated that if the whole Greenland ice sheet melts, the global ocean surface will rise by 7 meters. If the entire Antarctic ice sheet melts, it will be even more terrible, when the global ocean surface will rise by 65 meters. The concept of "global warming" may be a little vague for ordinary people. However, for the Inuit living near the Arctic Circle, climate warming has really affected their lives. On February 2nd, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change issued an outline of the global climate change assessment report. The report believes that in the past 50 years, it is "very likely" that human activities have caused global warming. In the words of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "probably" means that the probability is at least above 90%. This is the first time that this committee has used such serious words to describe the relationship between human activities and climate warming. However, the last global climate change assessment report published in 200 1 only used the word "possible", which means 66% possibility. According to the summary of the report, since 1750, the global content of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide has been increasing at an alarming rate, far exceeding the level before the industrial revolution. The increase of carbon dioxide is mainly caused by human use of fossil fuels, while the increase of methane and nitrous oxide is mainly caused by human agricultural production activities. Zheng Guoguang, deputy director of the China Meteorological Bureau and co-chairman of the International Earth Observation Organization, said that the published outline integrates the scientific research achievements of scientists from all over the world for more than six years, which is more scientific and less uncertain than the third climate change assessment report published in 20001. Taking sea level rise prediction as an example, he said that when the third assessment report was drafted, there were only a few experiments in the scientific community, and this time it was based on 58 experiments conducted by 1 1 four climate assessment models used by countries. In addition, the prediction range of global temperature rise has also been significantly reduced, which shows that the scientific community has greatly improved its scientific understanding of climate change. Global warming brings multiple disasters. In recent years, scientists have done a lot of research on the impact of global warming. Although it is not yet possible to fully predict the various changes that global warming will bring to the earth, human beings have a deep understanding of the negative effects of global warming. First, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources has intensified. Global warming leads to precipitation changes, and the contradiction between global water supply and demand is becoming more and more obvious. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change pointed out at the beginning of this year that if the average temperature of the earth rises by 4 degrees Celsius, more than 3 billion people around the world will face the problem of water shortage. Second, the threat of natural disasters has increased. The number and intensity of tropical storms and hurricanes may increase. Third, the fate of the island country is worrying. The melting of ice and snow at the poles of the earth will lead to rising sea levels, many islands will be submerged, some island countries may cease to exist, and the lives of island and coastal residents will be threatened. Fourth, there are frequent heat waves in summer. According to related reports, if the global average temperature rises by 3 degrees Celsius, the number of heat waves in North America will increase by 3 to 8 times, and the situation in other parts of the world is similar to that in North America. Fifth, the biological chain has been disrupted. Due to climate change, many animals began to migrate to the south or north, and the change of biological species' activity range will lead to the chaos of biological chain in the place of immigration and emigration, thus adversely affecting agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Sixth, infectious diseases are rampant. Due to global warming, many infectious diseases spread by insects, food and water will expand and have a great impact on the population in poor areas. Seventh, economic development casts a shadow. According to statistics, in the 1990s, the number of major meteorological disasters in the world was five times that in the 1950s, so the annual economic losses caused by them soared from $4 billion in the 1960s to $29 billion in the 1990s. Although global warming may also be beneficial to a few areas, the comprehensive assessment of its impact shows that global warming has become a great threat to human life in the future. Adaptation and mitigation should be carried out at the same time. In the face of people's suggestion that "reducing carbon dioxide can slow down the trend of climate warming, but at the same time it can go back to the past; Xu Ying, deputy director of the Climate Change Office of the National Climate Center, said that at present, the impact of global warming on human beings is irreversible. In order not to increase this influence in the future, we should take some measures now. Carbon dioxide emitted from the atmosphere will live in the atmosphere for 200 years. Even if we reduce carbon dioxide now or don't increase it at all, its impact on us will last for 200 years. At the same time, she said that the loss caused by climate warming has now become a reality, and how to adapt to it while slowing down the impact is a new problem we need to face. Facing the frequent occurrence of extreme events, it is necessary to establish some early warning systems, such as current weather forecast and sandstorm early warning system. We should know how to prevent in advance so as to keep the loss to a minimum.