Japan's Warring States Issue

Although the Muromachi shogunate was constantly disturbed from the beginning of Ashikaga yoshimitsu, politically, besides the confrontation between the Kanto state and government and the shogunate, endless political murders and the resistance or private wars of local governors destroyed the political ecology of various places. In society, a palm-sized riot broke out all over the country, like an untimely bomb, which caused various injuries to the whole social order. However, the Muromachi shogunate never gave up its determination to stabilize the national situation until an accident in 144 1 year, and all these efforts came to nothing.

Ren Ying's rebellion led to the decline of the shogunate.

On June 24th, the first year of Cargill (144 1), You Man, the guardian of the former Three Kingdoms, assassinated General Ashikaga in Kyoto. Faced with such an unexpected situation, on the one hand, the shogunate authorities established Ashikaga Yoshikatsu, the son of Jiao Yi, as the shogunate general; On the one hand, an army with Mingshan troops as the main force was sent to crusade against Pinus densiflora. Mountain name Zongquan also lived up to expectations and settled in Chisong's home on September 10 of the same year. In order to reward the shogunate authorities, the three kingdoms originally guarded by the Akamatsu family were handed over to Yamamoto for management. So Shan Shiming, who was originally from Shi Jian, lord protector,, Fan Yin, Beihou and Jiao Bo, quickly became the most powerful force in western countries after taking over the three countries.

In the face of the newly rising forces, Hosokawa Morihiro, one of the three leaders, adopted a united attitude at first. Not only did Hosokawa Katsumoto, the satrap, marry the daughter of Mingshan Zongquan, but the two families also formed an alliance against Tianshan Stone. However, after the decline of the Tianshan family, the contradiction between the two families emerged. Especially after Shiba clan and Yamanashi, among the three major families, appeared inheritance problems, the active involvement of Hosokawa Morihiro and Yamanashi deepened the gap between the two sides. Just at the moment when the line of fire was lit, the issue of inheritance rights broke out in the shogunate: Tomoko Hino, the wife of General Ashikaga Yoshimasa, clashed with Ashikaga Yoshimi, the younger brother of the general's successor, for the inheritance rights of his son Ashikaga Yoshihisa. As the guardian of Yi Shi, Hosokawa Katsumoto naturally had a fierce confrontation with Shang Yi Zongquan, the guardian of Shang Yi. Finally, under the dual influence of Ashikaga Yoshimi's rebellion rumors and Shiba clan's renewed infighting, the two sides assembled their respective armies and formally went to war in Kyoto.

At the beginning of the war, Hosokawa Katsumoto, the leader of the Eastern Expedition Army, came prepared: he not only won the support of generals and emperors, but also assembled troops with comparative advantages, so the first few months of the war were the best. However, in July of the same year, China's local overlord Dajiahong, who supported Xiliang Army, led 20,000 troops into Kyoto, and the whole situation suddenly changed. At the same time, Shan Mingzong, the leader of the marked army, supported all the adherents of the Southern Dynasties and Ashikaga Yoshimi who were abandoned by Dong Jun's army (shortly after the war, Tomoko Hino turned to support Dong Jun's army. Yi Shi was forced to flee Kyoto) to compete with the Kyoto authorities, leaving the whole war in a stalemate. In order to break the deadlock, Hosokawa Katsumoto incited the nationals of the western army and its hostile forces in neighboring countries to launch unrest behind the name of the western army. So this war, which was originally confined to Kyoto, evolved into a national melee, and then evolved into a situation that the leaders of the two armies could not control. Finally, after repeated mediation by Yamamoto and Hosokawa Morihiro, and after Ashikaga Yoshimi fled to the rustic account, the national scuffle gradually subsided. After the war, Kyoto was almost completely in ruins, and the imperial court and the shogunate of the capital were in serious financial difficulties at the same time.

Since then, the shogunate has gradually declined, and its ability to control the national famous soldiers has been completely destroyed. However, some of the original names of protecting the country were challenged by the slap riots of Chinese people (for example, Anyi Wutian was replaced by the slap of Maori launching country), and some were replaced by the ministers at the bottom (for example, Qian Yue, Yuanjiang and Zhangwei, which were guarded by Shiba clan, were controlled by asakura, Jiafei and Oda clan in turn), and some were even overthrown by a slap (for example, Kaga's protecting Fujian was overthrown by a slap). The atmosphere of "bottom-up" permeated the whole Warring States period in Japan and became the biggest feature of this era.

The change of Ming and Ying led to chaos in Kanto.

Although the influence of the shogunate was greatly lost after the Ren Ying Uprising, successive generals still tried to change the whole situation. Not only has it repeatedly attacked powerful names such as Hosokawa Morihiro and Hexagon nearby, but it has also issued controversial orders for many times, allowing the names of various countries to confront influential countries in Kyoto. But after all, this is no longer the era when generals are in power: few people are willing to obey the generals' letters except as tools for celebrities to seize power. Even in 1493, General Lu Chuan personally attacked Hosokawa Morihiro, but Hosokawa Morihiro instigated the Kyoto authorities to dismiss him as a general. This incident is known as the Baby Rebellion. From then on, the prestige of the Muromachi shogunate was completely lost, and all that remained was the puppet role of the vassal who took control of the political situation after taking control of Shangluo (the capital of Beijing).

Apart from the turmoil in Gyeonggi, the situation in Kanto is not very stable. As early as the middle of the shogunate

The general was killed when the hero competed for hegemony.

Nobunaga rises and the world is armed.

Nobunaga is the son of Nobuka Oda, an important official of the Shiba clan family. Because Shiba clan, the guardian of Zhang Wei, was unable to take power, Oda unified the family power and gradually controlled the counties of Zhang Wei. After the letter husband arrives, he must not only face the forces against Shiba clan, but also strengthen his military strength through marriage strategy. For example, after losing the battle with Saito, Shino asked Saitō Dō san's daughter, who owns most of Minos, to return to Butterfly, so as to eliminate the military pressure from the west and concentrate on fighting Imakawa and Matsuhei in the north.

Nobunaga was born in Nagoya, Weichang, on May 1534. When he was a teenager, he was famous for being withdrawn and eccentric. After taking over as a supervisor, he carried out reforms on the one hand, and at the same time launched a series of wars to unify Wei Zhanguo: he fought against the Oder people successively, and finally defeated the anti-Nobunaga forces with his younger brother as the protagonist, and completely controlled the Oder clan.

At this time, under the protection of Yuanjiang, Hejun and Sanhe, Imagawa Yoshimoto became the real master of Sanjiang. Under the guidance of his uncle qwe rty, he reached a tripartite alliance with the Tojo family in Kanto and the Takeda family in Jiafei, relieved his worries and turned south. 1560 In May, Yoshihara led a 25,000-strong army to Nagoya City, and more than 2,000 people living in Qingzhou City rushed into Kawamoto, launched a surprise attack in Dengaku Narrow Barrel, defeated the main array of Sichuan Army, and attacked and killed Imagawa Yoshimoto. /kloc-in the first month of 0/562, Nobutaka Oda reached an agreement in Cheongju with Songping Yuankang, the governor of the Song Dynasty who was independent from Kawasaki, and relieved the flank threat. From now on, Nobutaka Oda can focus on MINO's strategy.

1567 In August, with the efforts of Niwa Nagahide and Kinoshita Hideyoshi, Nobuyuki Oda successfully rebelled against the three people in MINO (InaYe Long, Buquanjia and Ando Anshi), and joined hands with them to capture the rice leaves in the mountain city and pacify the country of MINO. Nobunaga quickly moved the main city to Inaba City and renamed it Gifu City, and began his journey of arming the world. The following year (1568), Nobutaka Oda succeeded Ashikaga Yoshiaki, the younger brother of General Kawaguchi, and joined hands with Tokugawa to form 60,000 troops to take over Kyoto. 1569, the allied forces of ODA and Tokugawa attacked the' shallow well' that did not listen to his orders. On the way, I learned that my ally Asai had defected in Kanazaki and was forced to retreat after a bitter battle. The allied forces of Ota and Tokugawa fought fiercely with the allied forces of Asai and Asakura in the second year's "Sister Kawa". Due to the onslaught of the Tokugawa army, Asai and asakura allied forces turned victory into defeat. 157 1 year, Nobunaga went into the mountain and burned the whole religious holy place to the ground under the pretext of sheltering hostile forces in Xili Yanshan Temple. 1572, Takeda Shingen responded to Ashikaga Yoshiaki's secret call to crusade against Nobunobu Oda, tore up the covenant with Tokugawa Ieyasu, and led 25,000 troops to Yuanjiang and Sanhe bases in Tokugawa Ieyasu in an attempt to enter Beijing. Because of the critical situation in Guinea, Nobunaga sent only about 3,000 people to support the Tokugawa shogunate. The disadvantaged Tokugawa army intended to defend itself to the death, but was lured to Sanfang by Shinxuan, and the whole army was wiped out. Although Shin-hyun won, he was very sad under Tokugawa's delaying tactics. Finally, Takeda Army completely retreated in the battle of death. 1573, Oda Xintai and Ashikaga Yoshiaki officially broke up. Shintai raided two royal families where the shogunate was located, arrested Yi Zhao and exiled him to Ruojiang, Hanoi, and the Muromachi shogunate perished. In the same year, Asai and asakura were destroyed; Put down the three good governance in Feng Jingen and the rebellion in Matsunaga Hisahide. 1575, Takeda Shingen's successor Takeda Shenglai led an army to attack Sancha Long Island, and Tokugawa Ieyasu, as always, requested reinforcements from Oda Nobunaga. Oda and Tokugawa allied forces were deployed in the narrow Scheler courtyard, and used a large number of muskets to cooperate with the huge array city to resist Takeda's fierce offensive. In the fierce battle, many main generals of takeda army with few people were killed one after another, and finally the whole army had to retreat. Such a painful brain drain has led to its fate from prosperity to decline in the future. In the same year, Nobunaga basically put down the one-way and one-way forces in Qian Yue, leaving Shibata Katsuie, Maeda Toshiie and others in Hokuriku. Since then, Nonaga Oda has sent generals to step up the invasion and attack on neighboring Daming, and successively put down the rebellion in Matsunaga Hisahide and Araki Village. 1579, Nobunaga moved the main city to the newly-built Anjiang Antu City. 1580, under the auspices of the emperor, made peace with the original temple, ending the rocky mountain war that lasted for ten years. 1582, the surviving takeda family was completely annihilated. On June 2nd of the same year, Nobuyuki Oda was staying at Benye Temple in Kyoto Prefecture. At that time, he was in a hurry to help Yuji Xiuji who was fighting against Maori. Suddenly, Nobuyuki Oda was attacked by his subordinate Akechi Mitsuhide. After a fierce battle, he burned Benye Temple and disappeared (there are different opinions about the life and death of Nobuyuki Oda, which will not be discussed here). Then Guangxiu stormed the two palaces where the eldest son Oda Nobutada was hiding, forcing him to hand over the prince and commit suicide by caesarean section. This event is called the change of Benneng Temple.

When Nobunaga shines brightly, the situation in all parts of Japan is also ever-changing. In Kyushu, Maori and Daiyou fought fiercely for territory after the demise of their generation; 1554, the first conflict broke out between the two sides in Mens City, and the Maori were strangled and returned. 1558, the Maori captured the city of Mens by using Dayouyi Town and Longzao Temple Longxin. After that, the two families continued to struggle until 1564. In order to destroy the Nizi family, Maori gave up the idea of conquering Kyushu and reconciled under the mediation of General Ashikaga Yi Hui. From then on, Judas entered its heyday and became the new overlord who controlled the six countries of Kitakyushu. At the same time, however, the Shimadzu family in South Kyushu has become increasingly prosperous and has gradually become a new force against generations of friends. 1572, Erchuan War broke out between the two sides; Judas with 45,000 men was defeated by Shimazu Yoshihisa with 25,000 men. Since then, Kitakyushu has been replaced by Ryuzōji Takanobu. 1584, another war broke out between Shimadzu family and Longzao family because of the submission of Marquis. In this conflict known as the "Tsunami War", the 6,000-member Marquis Alliance of Shimadzu defeated the Dragon Army of nearly 60,000 people led by Shimadzu Kakujiu, and Ryuzoji Longxin and several generals were killed. Soon the Ryuji family perished, and Shimadzu almost became the overlord of Kyushu.

After the suzerain, who had perished in the four countries, returned to China, his business was bleak under the leadership of the suzerain and his relatives.

In China, Maori Yuan waged a long-term confrontation with Nizi on the integration of China forces in Anyi State. 1555 yuan, the two sides launched a decisive battle in Yandao near Anyi. Only 2,000 Maori troops made good use of the advantages of topography, climate and water army, defeated Oui's 10000 troops in the storm, and then quickly occupied Oui's territory in China, completely destroying its power. After Maori replaced Otani, Nizi in the south and northern Judah fought a two-faced war of 16 in Jiaxinyue, Kanto and Aoyu.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified and attacked Korea.

Within three days after the change of Benneng Temple, Shibata Katsuie, who was in charge of attacking Shangshanjia in Hokuriku, and Yukio Hatoyama, who was in charge of attacking Li Maojia in China, learned the news of Akechi Mitsuhide's rebellion. Among them, Toyotomi Hideyoshi immediately held peace talks with Maori, and in the name of Nobunaga, called on Oda's home secretary, Qi Li, to crusade against Guangxiu. On June 13 of the same year, Hideyoshi Hatoyama and Akechi Mitsuhide launched the Yamazaki War, and the weak wise army was defeated, and Guangxiu was killed two days later. Yuchai army recaptured the territory around Kyoto and Antu city.

Since then, Oda held a Qingzhou meeting and decided to support Oda Nobutada's son Oda Xiuxin as governor. However, Yu Xiuji and Yu Xiuji had a dispute over the dominance of the meeting, so they started a Jiyue war every other year. At the beginning of the war, Shibata Army continued to attack under the command of Sakuma, which almost broke the battle line of Hideyoshi. However, Maeda Toshiie, Oda's general whom Toyotomi Hideyoshi wooed before the war, defected to the front line, which led to the final defeat of Nobuyuki Oda, the third son of Nobuyuki Oda, supported by Katsuma and Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and forced him to commit suicide by caesarean section. Since then, the foundation laid by Nobu Oda has been fully accepted by Yukio Hatoyama.

On the other hand, Tokugawa Ieyasu and similar HJ suji masa alliance took advantage of the civil strife in Oda to acquire part of Takeda's territory. Then, after Mi Xiuji took control of Oda clan territory, he teamed up with his second son Nobuhiro Oda to fight against Hideyoshi. 1584, the two sides launched small-scale grazing and long-term hand-to-hand combat; But in the end, because no one could destroy the other side's main force, it ended in negotiations and talks. Tokugawa Ieyasu surrendered to Yukio Hatoyama, and Yukio Hatoyama officially launched his hegemony of unifying the world. From 1585 to 1590, Xiuji was appointed as Guan Bai by the emperor, and Miao Zi was made a rich minister. In internal affairs, Toyotomi Hideyoshi takes Osaka Castle as its political center. At the same time, a sword hunting order was issued (all offensive weapons were confiscated to show that there was no war in the world). Militarily, sokcho and Shimadzu of the four countries were conquered in turn, forcing them to surrender one after another. Finally, in 1590, the allies destroyed Sagami North Island and accepted the surrender of Aoyu Mingsu. The national reunification was nominally completed in 1590.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi, which completed reunification, not only continued to weaken its strong reputation by various means, but also sent troops to attack North Korea twice in the first year of Leuven (1592) and the first year of Qingchuang (1596), which is known as the War of Lu Wenqing's Creation. Among them, the generals who participated in the war each won or lost. At its peak, it captured Seoul, the capital of Hanting, and made it the capital of Pyongyang. But after all, it lost to the advantages of the Ming and Han Dynasties in terms of troops and weapons, and the tortoise shell fleet led by Li Shunchen, so it could only defend its coastal fortress. Toyotomi Hideyoshi died in Taoshan Castle in Fujian on 1598, and the envoy of Toyotomi entered the secret cause of Korea, ending this huge military expedition. This war changed the Japanese political ecology that day: Toyotomi Hideyoshi's financial resources were exhausted and it was no longer beautiful; Leading players such as Shimadzu and Maori suffered heavy casualties and their military strength was greatly affected. On the contrary, Tokugawa and Ida, who did not take part in the war, devoted themselves to rectifying their internal affairs and became important figures after Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death. But most importantly, because of this battle, there was a serious conflict within the Toyotomi family: the civilians who supported the war (headed by Ishida Mitsunari) and the military commanders who opposed the war (headed by Fukushima masanari) broke completely. There was a serious friction between the two sides, because the former won the support of the Toyotomi family, while the latter turned to Tokugawa Ieyasu, a famous city in the Eight Eastern Countries. So Tokugawa and Toyotomi Hideyoshi will fight for the world again.

Guan Yuan fought side by side, and Yuan He suppressed Wu.

1598, Toyotomi Hideyoshi died of illness, and his youngest son, Toyotomi Hideyori, succeeded the governor. The whole of Japan immediately fell into chaos: Toyotomi generals who returned from North Korea expressed dissatisfaction with the Five Aims headed by Ishida Mitsunari and even tried to assassinate them; On the other hand, Tokugawa Ieyasu, the leader of the Five Elders, with personal grievances, arbitrarily enfeoffed the territory, which aroused the dissatisfaction of the other four elders. 1599, Maeda Toshiie, the most powerful of the four elders, died of illness, and the relationship between Chen Feng and Tokugawa Ieyasu deteriorated rapidly. 1600, that is, two years after Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death, Tokugawa Ieyasu started to conquer Uesugi Kagekatsu because of the complaint of Naoe Kanetsugu, a senior official of Shangshan. Ishida Mitsunari, the etiquette of the Toyotomi family, believed that Tokugawa Ieyasu had violated the private war ban, gathered people from all over the country in Osaka City to announce the violation of the imperial residence regulations, and then set out to attack the Kitagawa family; Tokugawa Ieyasu handed over the Mu Shang War to his second son and led the army against the Toyotomi generals who supported him. The main forces of the two armies finally fought near the river (known as Guan Yuan's joint war in history). At the beginning of the war, the western troops led by Ishida Mitsunari (nominally commander in chief is M ō riterumoto) launched a fierce offensive, and the eastern troops (commander in chief is Tokugawa Ieyasu) were out of breath. However, around noon, Konka attacked Kobayakawa Hideaki, a western military general whom he had bought in advance, with artillery, forcing him to defect with Yoshikawa Hiroyuki and other western military generals, which matched the main array of western military. So the situation took a turn for the worse, and the western army took advantage from an early age and was completely collapsed. Before sunset, the war ended with a great victory for the eastern army. A few days later, Ishida Mitsunari was arrested and executed as a major war criminal along with Konishi Yukinaga and Ankokuji Ekei. Tokugawa Ieyasu essentially replaced Toyotomi Hideyoshi and seized power.

1603, Tokugawa Ieyasu was awarded the position of general conqueror by the emperor, and the edo shogunate was formally established. However, with the growth of Toyotomi Hideyori's age, the voice of Toyotomi's dissatisfaction with Tokugawa Ieyasu became louder and louder. Similarly, in Tokugawa, in view of Toyotomi's increasing financial resources, Tokugawa Ieyasu was determined to root out the root causes, regardless of the close marriage relationship between the two families.

16 14, Tokugawa Ieyasu made a big fuss, wrote "the country is healthy, and both the monarch and the subjects are happy" on the inscription of Fangguang Temple rebuilt by Toyotomi family, accusing Toyotomi family of cursing themselves and coercing Xiulai to give the canon (Xiulai's mother) to Edo City as a hostage and withdraw from Osaka City. Feng Chen flatly refused, and actively called ronin and exiled celebrities about 1 1000 people to reserve food for a long-term struggle. Tokugawa immediately issued a mobilization order against the Toyotomi family, and easily assembled more than 200,000 troops to surround Osaka Castle. However, due to Toyotomi's active resistance, especially the command of Sanada Yukimura and others, and the interests of Osaka Kaneshiro, Tokugawa made slow progress. So Tokugawa Ieyasu attacked the Tianshouge in Osaka with a cannon, which shocked the Toyotomi family who lived in it. Then pretend to make peace and let Osaka fill the outer moat as a condition for peace talks. However, during the peace talks, Tokugawa Ieyasu suddenly dispatched tens of thousands of people to fill the outer moat overnight, and even the second and third cities and the inner moat were all destroyed. The winter campaign in Osaka ended when the fortress in Osaka was completely lifted. In May of the following year (16 15), Tokugawa Ieyasu sent troops to attack Osaka Castle again. This time, it is said that the battle of Osaka Summer Array ended with the fall of Osaka Castle and the suicide of Xiulai's mother and son. Tokugawa Ieyasu wiped out the Toyotomi family and ended the chaos in the Warring States since the Ren Ying Uprising.