Common types of automation

Whether for process industry or production industry, fully integrated automation is the only foundation to realize automation solutions that fully meet various specific needs. We will directly apply the experience gained from continuous attempts in other industries and our mature product line to the current development work, thus bringing many benefits to the water industry.

Totally integrated automation can lay the foundation for realizing unified and efficient automation of the whole plant. According to the situation of sewage treatment plant: from pumping station to activation pool, from beginning to end, to drainage station.

Fully integrated automation provides many advantages in the whole life cycle of a machine or factory, from the initial planning stage to installation and debugging, operation and maintenance, to expansion and modernization.

On the basis of fully integrated automation, we can implement solutions with excellent integrated performance according to the special needs of the water industry. The VarSuv energy-saving calculator has made an important contribution to optimizing the energy allocation of the factory. Because TIA has a system-oriented engineering environment and integrated communication and diagnosis options, the factory will benefit from its whole life cycle. In addition, Siemens keeps innovating to ensure the safety of your investment in factory renovation.

Advantages of totally integrated automation:

Installation and debugging: The factory uses the same communication standards (such as PROFIBUS and PROFINET) to minimize the interface requirements and simplify the installation and debugging process. Even a factory with a very complicated structure is easy to realize.

Operation: Integrated communication can maximize the transparency of the whole factory. This shows that the factory can respond more quickly and flexibly when the demand changes and take very effective diagnostic measures. This can minimize unplanned parking accidents. Integrated fully integrated automation also means that all stations can operate uniformly, whether directly operating the control system or through the operation panel.

Maintenance: Intelligent maintenance strategy enables you to detect, analyze and eliminate possible error sources more quickly, even if remote maintenance is used. During the operation of many of our systems, modules can be replaced. The unification of components also lightens the burden of maintenance engineers.

Modernization and expansion: existing factories can easily adapt to changing needs, usually without interruption. Due to the continuous development of our products and systems, many unnecessary system changes have been avoided, thus ensuring the investment safety to the greatest extent. In the operation and management of banks, people pay more and more attention to the organization and coordination, command and dispatch, supervision and control and decision-making with the help of advanced computers, so as to improve the modern management level and work efficiency of banks.

The business and work of the bank are interrelated and interdependent, and they are an organic whole and inseparable. Therefore, in the process of financial electronization, in the design of office automation system, we should make overall consideration and overall planning, and we should not neglect one side. Bank office automation should be a trinity of business processing, comprehensive management and communication connection, which mainly includes four aspects.

1. It is a management decision-making link. This part provides leaders with all-round computer services such as reading and approving official documents, inquiring information, assisting decision-making, issuing government orders, commanding and dispatching.

2. Business processing. Establish database, information base, information base and document base by specialty to accumulate information and provide information source for data enjoyment and system query.

3. Information processing. Most of the information in professional databases is original and sporadic. Therefore, it is necessary to collect, process and sort out according to certain mathematical models, format standards and statistical caliber, so as to make them orderly, systematic and standardized, and then display them in intuitive ways such as tables, figures, curves and words, so as to provide basis and reference for leaders to analyze and study, predict and monitor, and formulate policies.

4. It is a network transmission link, which completely breaks the fragmentation, solves the bottleneck problem of transmission delay and poor circulation, realizes the integration and networking of computer groups, and connects business and management, so that the communication system extends in all directions and is unimpeded, and the information transmission is completed "instantly".

Special functions of bank office automation system: due to office needs, special functions should be considered when developing. First, how to collect and preserve the manuscripts, handwriting, instructions and signatures of leading comrades. The second is how a large number of documents, materials and data get into the computer and convert paper information into electronic information. Third, the storage of information, office automation system involves all departments of the bank, and the amount of information is very huge. Whether it is temporary storage or long-term storage, the system should provide enough storage space. Fourth, efficient mail processing function. This is the bridge and link between the president and various departments, the main means for the president to issue government orders, notices and speeches and exercise organizational management functions, and also the information carrier for department leaders to ask for instructions and report. In the development, we adopted the following means: electronic pen handwriting, multimedia voice function, document information manuscript scanning technology, keyboard input, large-capacity CD storage and laser printer output. The comprehensive application of these technologies well meets the above functional requirements.

Office automation system is a comprehensive project, involving a wide range, high cost and long construction period. In the development, it is advisable to implement it step by step and advance it step by step to avoid detours and waste. In terms of overall design, equipment selection, network construction, software configuration, etc., we should focus on the long-term and strive for long-term benefits of one-time investment; In the process of program development, it should be carried out in stages, from easy to difficult, rolling forward and reserving extended interfaces. The design of the system should be based on the existing conditions, make full use of the existing technical equipment, and not blindly pursue high-grade and high investment. Microcomputer networking has the characteristics of less investment, short development cycle, more choices of software and hardware, and convenient expansion. The advantages of microcomputer network can ensure the full use of existing machines and tools, make the system input step by step and expand step by step, and finally complete the comprehensive electronic process of grass-roots office. Thermal power plant automation projects include:

1. Conduct safety inspection on machines, furnaces and electrical operating equipment in the factory, including data collection, condition monitoring, screen display, over-limit alarm and fault detection.

2. Real-time computer control, realizing all automatic starting processes from ignition to grid connection.

3. Economic distribution and automatic increase and decrease of active load.

4. Bus voltage control and automatic increase or decrease of reactive power.

5. Stable monitoring. There are two control methods: one is that the computer output adjusts the set value of the conventional analog regulator through peripheral equipment to realize supervision and control; The other is to use computer output peripherals to directly control the production process and realize direct digital control. The projects that need automation include dam monitoring, reservoir dispatching and power station operation.

1, dam computer automatic monitoring system: including data acquisition, calculation and analysis, over-limit alarm, providing maintenance scheme, etc.

2. Automatic monitoring system of reservoir hydrological information: including automatic collection of rainfall and hydrological information, formulation of reservoir dispatching plan and selection of flood control scheme.

3. In-plant computer automatic monitoring system: including safety monitoring of electromechanical operation equipment, automatic control of generator set, optimized operation, economic load distribution and stable monitoring. Reservoir management system is the core part of modern reservoirs and an important part of reservoir benefits. The operation of reservoir gates during flood is based on not causing downstream disasters. In order to ensure the correct information flow, it is necessary to master and monitor the inflow and engineering situation, infer the operation of the reservoir according to the actual situation, and find out the corresponding countermeasures. For reservoir groups, the situation of all reservoirs and each reservoir should be considered.

First of all, when the water level is low, the storage and discharge flow must be determined separately. According to the operation judgment, discharge is carried out and operation procedures are formulated. Therefore, information such as rainfall, reservoir inflow, water storage and water discharge are collected for comprehensive analysis. For the analysis of incoming water, if there is a flood, the incoming water should be predicted according to the upstream rainfall, river water level and flood arrival time, and the operation system and countermeasures of water level decline should be determined according to the predicted incoming water and storage capacity. There are many kinds of results when forecasting is released, and skilled managers can screen more accurate results. Second, determine the storage and discharge plan. First of all, the control station is equipped with observation equipment to quickly collect rainfall and flow, and the information processing workstation of the comprehensive control station can complete the functions of assisting chief technicians such as incoming water forecast, flood retrieval and operation simulation of each reservoir. With the incoming water forecast function, the runoff of the upstream can be predicted for up to 6 hours according to the collected rainfall, predicted rainfall and flow. By using the flood inversion function, the flood with similar rainfall conditions can be inverted and the flood scale can be predicted by using the flood and rainfall characteristic data collected in the past. When a flood occurs, we should make decisions and dispatch plans in a short time by using the criteria of hydraulics, hydrological data, rules and experience. Therefore, the reservoir management system is introduced to quickly sort out and calculate various elements. The reservoir management automation system applies the skills of experienced workers through expert systems.

Specifically, improve the management level. One of the conditions that determine the decision-making policy is the existence of flood, which is judged by credibility. The credibility is defined by the credibility of flood formation, runoff production and countermeasures. When inferring with the usual rules, the values between-1.0 and 1.0 are divided into five parts, multiplied and then averaged to identify the competition system. The fuzzy theory is used to predict the flow. When forecasting the inflow of Shengban Reservoir, the measured flow is estimated by linear equation, and the rainfall is predicted by detention function method. According to the variable prediction of measured water inflow, the average fuzzy theory calculated by the above three methods is used to predict water inflow. The min-max method is used for reasoning, and the center of gravity method is used for numerical calculation of conclusions. Finally, determine the storage period and emissions. At the initial stage of flood, it is difficult to correctly grasp the arrival time of a certain flow of flood. According to the similar situation that happened before, the reservoir management supervisor and technician make plans from the perspective of ensuring safety. Based on these judgments, the predicted inflow and inflow three hours ago plus the inflow are obtained from the inflow, so as to determine the flow. When the typhoon rains, if the wind circle is only in one reservoir basin, the flood flow may come immediately. In the past, the safety forecast was based on the forecast range of typhoon approaching, taking the dangerous area as a reference, and making an additional release plan. Reservoir automation is an area to be further studied. With the rapid development of some automatic control theories such as fuzzy control, it is believed that reservoir automation is not only the above-mentioned automation, but also its concept will be more extensive, and some control ideas will be applied to better solve the reservoir control problems. In order to implement the task of comprehensive pilot operation of ground meteorological observation automation, China Meteorological Bureau organized and formulated the Work Plan of Comprehensive Pilot Operation of Ground Meteorological Observation Automation.

According to the requirements of the plan, the meteorological department will carry out pilot work of ground meteorological observation automation and scientific business processes in eight national ground meteorological observation stations, including Beijing, Baoshan, Jiangsu, Hangzhou, Xiuning, Wuhan, Guangzhou and Shapingba, Chongqing, build an automatic observation system for cloud, visibility and weather phenomena, optimize and adjust business processes and tasks such as ground meteorological observation, operation monitoring and data quality control, and establish observation norms, rules and regulations and post responsibilities that are suitable for observation automation. At the same time, in line with the principle of bringing benefits into play as soon as possible, we will promote mature automatic visibility observation services in provincial (city) national stations that have taken the lead in basically realizing meteorological modernization. It is reported that the comprehensive pilot of ground meteorological observation automation business is a comprehensive pilot work of ground meteorological observation automation equipment, business processes, observation norms, job responsibilities, rules and regulations. It is also an important work to lay a foundation, accumulate experience and provide demonstration for comprehensively promoting the automation of ground meteorological observation and the comprehensive reform of grass-roots stations.

The main tasks of the pilot work include: improving the top-level design of automatic ground meteorological observation system, formulating the construction guide of automatic ground meteorological observation system, the overall technical scheme of automatic ground meteorological observation, the operation scheme and evaluation scheme of pilot station, testing and evaluating the business applicability of automatic observation technology and equipment such as Yunnengtian and the ground integrated business software system, promoting the automatic visibility observation service, and carrying out the application evaluation of automatic observation data in Yunnengtian. Establish and test a comprehensive and intensive ground meteorological observation business process, optimize the post setting in the pilot station at the same time, and try out the supporting work such as automatic observation specification and automatic observation business operation procedures. In order to cooperate with various lighting scenes, create a comfortable environment, reduce light pollution and save electricity, the birth of lighting automation system has solved many problems in daily life, and its main features are as follows:

1, hardware features

1) adopts decentralized control mode to ensure the stability of the system;

2) Each control panel is equipped with a processor (CPU) to maintain stable operation of the system;

3) It is easy to maintain and manage through the self-check function, and all components are plug-in modules, which can be easily replaced in case of failure;

4) The 20A self-locking relay with self-locking function only consumes electric energy during operation, and does not consume electric energy at other times, and can continue to maintain its original state in case of sudden power failure, thus ensuring the stability of the system;

5) The program can be uploaded or downloaded between the central monitoring center and the on-site control panel, and the program can be directly modified on site through the network computer when necessary;

6) With its excellent compatibility, it can combine various networks of the system;

7) DDC function, which has independent operation function, is suitable for various purposes and realizes linkage control with other systems;

8) Adopt Windows software (Windows/TCP/IP protocol) that can be directly linked with IBS network.

2. Main control functions

1) capacity: it can accommodate 24,000 relays.

2) Power supply: 220V/50Hz.

3) Communication: two-line communication 19200 bps. The basic transmission distance is 1.2Km, which reaches 9.6Km after expansion.

4) Self-check function: It has the function of self-diagnosis for the working conditions of memory, I/O card, relay and transmission device.

5) Clock function

Records showing the working status of day, week, (time-sharing) month and year.

Automatic recognition of runnian.

Automatically set Beijing (standard) time.

6) Time control (schedule)

Each relay executes a 24-hour schedule.

Use the mouse to set the time period to be controlled at will.

Set the automatic operation of rest days and holidays at will.

Automatically identify and control sunrise and sunset time periods.

It is predicted that the lights will be turned off 5 minutes ago (instant light-off mode).

7) Delay control function: automatic delay switch of each relay.

8) Set the operating range of the staff (provide passwords at all levels)

9) On-line control: it can be monitored online and can also be used for maintenance and customer service.

10) LAN monitoring: computers in all offices in the building can be monitored.

1 1) telephone control: the lighting area can be controlled by ordinary telephone.

12) daily report and monthly report function: you can remember when, how and how many times you controlled that area.

13) Analog image monitoring-(Analog field monitoring) Monitor the whole area with analog images.

3, the installation effect

1) Energy saving effect: effectively use the lighting efficiency during off-duty, noon and cleaning periods, and provide the most suitable working environment and energy saving scheme;

2) Save operation and management expenses: most managers are not needed, and the operation is simple;

3) Create a comfortable working environment: adopt the most suitable operating software for lighting control system, and automatically analyze all kinds of data;

4) Stability of the system: adopting the decentralized control mode of single machine function, the monitoring center and the field controller can upload/download all data to each other, which is suitable for controlling the self-locking relay for 20 years;

5) Effective maintenance: use its own diagnostic function to monitor the status of each machine at any time and deal with it quickly when it fails;

6) Openness of the system: it adopts the international standard C language and Microsoft WINDOWS, and is easy to link with other systems.