Western scientific poetry

1. Summarize the relevant theories and viewpoints about poetic language and scientific language in the history of western literary theory;

Democritus believes that literary works are the embodiment of a writer's life, especially poetry. He believes that only when writers and artists have a language that can accurately, vividly and truly express objective things can their works be convincing.

Horace believes that the language of a character should conform to the identity and experience of the individual.

Augustine's symbolic language is vivid. To master symbolic language, we must infer and guess with the help of association and imagination.

Dante advocates creating a unified and authoritative national language on the basis of Italian local sayings.

Valerie believes that the essence of symbolic poetry is to make poetry an art of musical language, and musicalization also includes the musicalization of poetic language. "To achieve harmonious rhythm and rhythm, we must meet various rational and aesthetic conditions."

Pound believes that the language of poetry should be as concise as possible "don't use redundant words and adjectives that can't explain anything".

Hume thinks that the living image is the soul of poetry. The difference between poetry and prose lies in images. "Direct language is poetry, because it uses images. Indirect language is prose. " Metaphor is "intuitive language", which accurately describes and conveys all images.

Shklovsk thinks that defamiliarized language has only "poetic function" and loses its social function. Daily life language pays attention to reference function, while literary language pays attention to expression function.

Jacobson believes that poetry is a formal expression of words with independent value. The essence of poetry lies in the "formal expression of poetic language (words)" with the purpose of expression. The realization of poetry (such as aesthetics) provides possibilities. The stronger the poetic function of poetry, the less the language points to the external realistic environment and deviates from the practical purpose, but to the formal factors of itself and the language itself, such as phonology, words and sentences.

Richards believes that scientific language uses symbols, while poetic language uses symbols. Poetic language is an emotional language based on symbols, while scientific language is a symbolic language. Poetic language pays attention to the nature of emotion or attitude aroused, while scientific language pays attention to the correctness of symbol and the authenticity of reference. The scientific statement is only to convey information, regardless of emotional influence. Therefore, scientific statements must be arguable and strictly abide by logical rules. The statement in poetic language is a kind of quasi-statement. Quasi-statement is a statement that cannot be confirmed by empirical facts. The purpose of poetry statement is to express emotion and gain readers' emotional trust.

2. Proverbs and poems with scientific basis Most proverbs about weather forecast have scientific basis.

The sun is dizzy in the middle of the night, the rain is dizzy, and the moon is dizzy at noon. The light ring of the sun means rain, and the light ring of the moon means wind.

Cover it with fog in the morning, even if you wash your clothes and pants-it will be foggy in the morning and sunny during the day.

It's sunny and windy in the west, and it's sunny and windy in the west.

It won't rain heavily first, and then it won't shine-it rains first in Mao Mao, so it won't rain too much, and then it rains again in Mao Mao, so it won't shine for a while.

Swallows fly low in the path of snakes, and water tanks wear skirts and hats-all these indicate rain.

There are hook clouds in the sky and it's raining on the ground-a hook cloud in the sky indicates rain.

The rainbow in the east thunders and the rainbow in the west rains-even if it thunders in the east, it doesn't rain, but it will rain in the west.

Trees soar and leaves take root. No matter how tall a tree grows, its leaves will fall to the ground.

Falling red is not heartless, but turning it into spring mud will protect the flowers-falling flowers will become nutrients and make the flowers grow more luxuriantly in the coming year.

In the fragrance of rice flowers, it is said that there is a good harvest, and listen to the sound of frogs-frogs can catch insects and make rice grow well and get a good harvest.

But when you go up a flight of stairs, your vision will be broadened by 300 miles-you can only see far if you climb high and have a wide vision.

3. With regard to Scientific Outlook on Development's poems, Scientific Outlook on Development adheres to the people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development concept.

People-oriented means taking people's interests as the starting point and end result of all work, constantly meeting people's various needs and promoting people's all-round development; All-round means accelerating the construction of political civilization and spiritual civilization while constantly improving the socialist market economic system and maintaining sustained, rapid, coordinated and healthy economic development, forming a pattern in which material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization promote each other and develop together; Coordination means coordinating urban and rural development, regional development, economic and social development, domestic development and opening up; Sustainability is to coordinate the harmonious development between man and nature, properly handle the relationship between economic construction, population growth, resource utilization and ecological environment protection, and push the whole society onto the civilized development path of production development, affluent life and good ecology.

People-oriented is the core of Scientific Outlook on Development. Only by deeply understanding people-oriented, can we fully grasp the spiritual essence and scientific connotation of Scientific Outlook on Development, and can we effectively use Scientific Outlook on Development to guide the overall economic and social development and implement Scientific Outlook on Development.

People-oriented is based on the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people.

Adhering to people-oriented is put forward by our party according to the basic principle of historical materialism, that is, the people are the main body of historical development and the fundamental force to promote historical progress. Adhering to the people-oriented principle is completely consistent with our party's fundamental interests of always representing the overwhelming majority of the people in China, and with our party's fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly and the essential requirements of building the party for the public and governing for the people.

People-oriented refers to the broadest masses of the people. In contemporary China, workers, peasants, intellectuals and other laborers are the main bodies, including the broadest masses of the people at all levels. People-oriented is the foundation, the starting point and the foothold, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people. To adhere to the people-oriented principle, we must adhere to the people's dominant position in the cause of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics, insist on development for the people, development depends on the people, and development results are shared by the people, and constantly realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people; It is necessary to correctly reflect and take into account the interests of the masses in different regions, departments and aspects, and properly coordinate the interests of all parties; On the basis of the fundamental interests of the people of the whole country, we should care about everyone's interests, embody socialist humanitarianism and humanistic care, meet the people's development aspirations and diversified needs, and respect and protect human rights; We should pay attention to people's values, rights and freedoms, quality of life, development potential and happiness index, and finally realize people's all-round development.

Adhering to the people-oriented principle not only has profound Chinese civilization, but also embodies the progressive spirit of the times. Chinese civilization has always attached importance to people-oriented and respected human dignity and value. As early as thousands of years ago, ancient thinkers in China put forward that "people are the foundation of the country, and foundation is the foundation of the country" and "between heaven and earth, people are the most precious", emphasizing the need to benefit the people, enrich the people, help the people and benefit the people. People-oriented, which we emphasize today, inherits China's ancient people-oriented thought, but there are essential differences. China's ancient people-oriented thought embodies the simple value orientation of attaching importance to the people, and to some extent, it plays a role in easing class contradictions and reducing the burden on the people. The "people" in the people-oriented thought is relative to the "monarch" and the ruler, and its essence is to maintain the ruling position of the feudal ruler. People-oriented, insisting on putting people's interests first, embodies the historical position of the people as masters of the country, and embodies our party's ruling philosophy of building the party for the public and governing for the people. People-oriented is also different from western humanism. Modern western humanism has played an active role in opposing superstition, advocating science, autocracy, advocating freedom, opposing divinity and publicizing human nature. However, humanism leaves the specific historical conditions and human sociality, and explains social history with abstract and eternal humanity, which essentially serves the bourgeoisie to obtain and maintain its dominant position. People-oriented adheres to the basic position and viewpoint of historical materialism, while China's ancient people-oriented thought and western humanism stand on the position of historical idealism. This is their fundamental difference.

4. Famous sayings of celebrities about learning the western horizon 1. Aristotle: Human nature lies in seeking knowledge.

2. Zhi Nuo: Human knowledge is like a circle.

Heraclitus: You can't step into the same river twice.

4. Machiavelli: Politics is immoral

Einstein: Science without religion is lame, and religion without science is blind.

Hobbes: A contract without a sword is just a dead letter.

7. Plato: The masses always live in the cave of ignorance.

8. Pop: If we admit defeat too easily, we may not realize that we are very close to being right.

9. Comte: Knowledge is for foresight, and foresight is for strength.

10. Pythagoras: Harmony is everything.

Hope to adopt. Thank you.

5. Regarding Aristotle's famous saying, which education roots are bitter, but the fruit is sweet? -Aristotle

True virtue cannot be without practical wisdom, and practical wisdom cannot be without virtue. -Aristotle

There are many kinds of fallacies, and there is only one right one, that is, why failure is easier to succeed and hit the target than missing the target. -Aristotle

Those who are scientifically advanced and morally backward are not advancing, but retreating. -Aristotle

Young people want to show their superiority, and prefer the former between honor and money, because they haven't felt the demand for money yet. -Aristotle

Someone asked: Does it depend on genius to write a good poem? Or by art? In my opinion, it is useless to study hard without rich talent, there is talent and no training; The two should use and combine with each other. -Aristotle

Good feeling is the premise of friendship, but we can't confuse the two. -Aristotle

Morality can be divided into two kinds: one is wisdom and the other is behavior. The former comes from learning, while the latter comes from practice. -Aristotle

6. An argumentative essay about famous scientific sayings is about 300 words.

Einstein, a learned scholar, is the greatest physicist of our time. He loved physics and devoted his life to the theoretical research of physics. People call him Copernicus in the 20th century and Newton in the 20th century.

Einstein grew up in an era of rapid changes in physics. With the efforts of a generation of physicists represented by him, the development of physics has entered a new historical period. The theoretical system of classical physics established by Galileo and Newton has experienced nearly 200 years of development. By the middle of19th century, brilliant achievements have been made due to the discovery of the law of conservation and transformation of energy, the establishment of thermodynamics and statistical physics, especially the discovery of electromagnetism by Faraday and Maxwell. These achievements convinced many physicists at that time that the theoretical problems in the field of physics had been solved in principle, leaving only details for future generations to supplement and develop. However, the course of history is just the opposite, followed by a series of new phenomena that can not be explained by classical physics: ether drift experiment, radioactivity of elements, electron movement, blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect and so on. Faced with this new situation, physicists generally try to solve contradictions by mending within the old theoretical framework. However, young Einstein was not bound by the old tradition. On the basis of the research work of Lorenz and others, he made essential changes to some basic concepts such as space and time. This great breakthrough in theory ushered in a new era of physics.

Einstein's most important contribution in his life is the theory of relativity. 1905 published a paper entitled "on electrodynamics of moving objects", put forward the principle of relativity in a special sense and the principle of invariance of light speed, and established the special theory of relativity. This theory includes Newtonian mechanics as a special case of low-speed motion theory. It reveals the essential unity of time and space as the existing form of matter, profoundly reveals the unity of mechanical motion and electromagnetic motion in kinematics, further reveals the unity of matter and motion (equivalence of mass and energy), develops the principle that matter and motion cannot be separated, and lays a theoretical foundation for the utilization of atomic energy. Then, after years of efforts, he established the general theory of relativity in 19 15, further revealing the unified relationship between four-dimensional space-time and matter, pointing out that space-time cannot exist independently without matter, and the structure and nature of space depend on the distribution of matter. It is not a flat Euclidean space, but a curved Riemannian space. According to the gravitational theory of general relativity, he concluded that light travels along a curve rather than a straight line in the gravitational field. This theoretical prediction was confirmed by British astronomers in the solar eclipse observation in 19 19, when the whole world was shocked. 1938, he made great progress in the motion of general relativity, that is, he deduced the motion equation of an object from the field equation, further revealing the unity among time and space, matter, motion and gravity. Since the 1960s, due to the great development of experimental technology and astronomy, the research on general relativity and gravity theory has been paid attention to. In addition, Einstein's research on cosmology, the unified field theory of gravity and electromagnetism, and quantum theory all contributed to the development of physics.

Einstein is not only a great scientist, an outstanding thinker with the spirit of philosophical exploration, but also an upright person with a high sense of social responsibility. He lived in Germany and the United States, the center of western political vortex, and experienced two world wars. He deeply realized how the fruits of a scientist's labor will affect the society and what responsibility an intellectual should bear to the society.

Einstein wholeheartedly hoped that science would benefit mankind, but he witnessed the great damage brought by science and technology in two world wars. Therefore, he believes that the issue of war and peace is the most important issue in the contemporary era, and it is in this respect that he has made the most speeches in his life. His first public statement on political issues was a statement against World War I signed in 19 14. His last speech on political issues, namely, the Russell-Einstein Declaration signed in April 1955, is still an appeal to people to unite and prevent the outbreak of a new world war.

In the gallery of thinkers in the 20th century, Einstein is the embodiment of justice, kindness and truth. His character competes with the heaven, the earth, the sun and the moon, and his scientific contribution will be admired by mankind for generations to come.

This book not only outlines Einstein's great life with full and accurate historical facts, but also explores the spiritual connotation of Einstein's thought and personality from the source of human culture. In the book, metaphysical physical theory and legendary stories may form a deep and interesting three-dimensional picture in the reader's field of vision to explain the historical and cultural process of the 20th century. At the same time, we will understand Einstein in the historical atmosphere and silently accept Einstein's spiritual inspiration in the realistic situation.

Einstein opened up a new path for contemporary physics with the sword of reason, and also cut off all the monsters in the world with the sword of reason. Today, where is this sword of reason? Should we look for this sword of reason? This is a huge question mark left by Einstein. Everyone who enters the 2 1 century should meditate in front of this question mark, and should take over Einstein's sword of reason and work hard for a harmonious and just 2 1 century.

Famous saying:

34. It is more valuable to explore the truth than to have it. -Einstein (USA)

The pursuit of objective truth and knowledge is the highest and eternal goal of mankind. -Einstein (USA)

36. In understanding the truth, anyone who pretends to be an authority will surely collapse in the laughter of God! -Einstein (USA)

What I want to do is to serve truth and justice with my meager strength, even if I don't like it. -Einstein (USA)

7. Foreign poetry tells the story that science shattered fantasy and fairy tales. Science will cut off the wings of angels, break all secrets with rules and alignment, drive ghosts out of the sky, drive goblins out of the cave, and scatter rainbows in the sky so that they will never weave again.

-poet Keats's fear of science Philosophy will cut the wings of angels, conquer all mysteries with rules and lines, empty the dirty air, and dwarf mine-don't weave rainbows. Just like now-john keats.

8. The poem Dedication of Scientists can refer to the following (from the Internet).

Mourn for Qian Xuesen

Ada (Guan Yun)

Students on the Journey to the West belong to the enemy's hundred divisions.

One star, two bombs, the sacred book of the founding of the people's Republic of China.

Blue seal, science and technology and other scholars.

People who are good at opening things are no different from sages.

Qian Xuesen

Money doesn't love money. It used to be in America.

Back in Japan, the mother country will create a new year.

Solve doubts by memory and make a fortune out of thin air.

My eyes can't print, but my heart is still fried for my country.

Mourn for Qian Xuesen

Qian Gong died, Mount Tai collapsed, and the founding fathers are still alive.

Gaud didn't build bomb stars for the rich and the talented.

Who has ever seen a bear a grudge against the Taiwan Strait?

Carry forward the past, spread the past and inspire loong.