The strongest earthquake in history.

1. What was the highest intensity earthquake recorded in China? It occurred in the evening of Haiyuan 1920 16 in Ningxia, and the epicenter intensity was as high as 12 degrees.

Introduction1920 65438+February 16, a major earthquake occurred in Haiyuan County, south of Ningxia * * Autonomous Region, China. According to the post-investigation of 1949, the surface fault zone starts from Li Junbao, Haiyuan County, develops in the northwest direction, and passes through Xiaojiawan and Ganyanchi in Xi area to Jingtai, with a total length of 200 kilometers.

This earthquake is a typical intraplate earthquake with a long repetition period. The Haiyuan earthquake occurred at 1920 (nine years of the Republic of China), 12, 16, 20: 05: 53 (the seventh day of November in the year of Gengshen).

Haiyuan earthquake is not only one of the biggest earthquakes in the history of China, but also one of the biggest earthquakes in the world. The magnitude is 8'5, the epicenter intensity is 12 degrees, the focal depth is 17 kilometers, and the epicenter is located at 36'7 degrees north latitude and 105'7 degrees east longitude.

The basic situation of Haiyuan earthquake is as follows: the macro epicenter is located in Shikaguangou and Shaomaying area between Xi 'an, Dagoumen and dry salt pond in Haiyuan county, with latitude and longitude of 35 ′ 38 degrees,105 ′ 21degree; The epicentre intensity is 12 degree, and the polar earthquake zone includes Guyuan, Longde, Xiji, Jingyuan, Jingtai and other counties, which are strip-shaped and spread to the northwest. It covers an area of 20000 square kilometers. The earthquake affected Xia Nan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Fujian and other 17 provinces, cities and autonomous regions, with a sensing area of 25 10000 square kilometers, accounting for about 60,000 square kilometers in China.

Serious landslides occurred in Haiyuan, Guyuan and Xiji counties in the earthquake zone. Only within 64 kilometers from Xiajiada Road to Xingping in Xiji County, the landslide reaches 3 1 square kilometer. There are 503 landslides in Jingyuan, Huining, Jingning and Longde counties. In Shibeiyuan area of Guyuan County, a landslide of 3500 meters long occurred. In the upstream of the Qingjiang River in Huining County, a landslide blocked a 2,500-meter-long river, and an earthquake-stricken lake was formed in its upstream, making it the most serious earthquake landslide in the history of China.

The earthquake buried villages and towns in Zhoushan District of Dongxue, causing landslides and ground fissures, completely destroying Haiyuan, Guyuan and other counties, collapsing a large number of houses and causing heavy casualties. According to incomplete statistics, * * * killed 234,000 people and was injured countless times. Because the energy released by the Haiyuan earthquake was particularly large, the strong vibration lasted for more than ten minutes, and 96 seismic stations around the world recorded the earthquake.

Therefore, it is most appropriate to use the word "global earthquake" to describe this earthquake on the temple monument of Baitashan Park in Lanzhou. History has lasted for more than a century.

Today, many ruins and landscapes caused by earthquakes are still silently telling what happened.

2. In recent years, earthquakes have occurred frequently all over the world. Where did the worst earthquake recorded in history happen? The largest earthquake in China was1August 5th, 950 * * * Chayu earthquake. The magnitude is Ms8.6, the epicenter intensity is eleven degrees, and the polar earthquake area is about 24 thousand square kilometers. The damage range of the octave zone exceeds 200,000 square kilometers. The highest intensity earthquake (65438+ Ningxia Haiyuan M8.5 earthquake) occurred on the evening of February 6, 1992, with the epicenter intensity as high as 12 degrees. The giant surface fault formed during Haiyuan M8.5 earthquake, the longest fault rupture length is about 230 kilometers, the fault strike is N50~70W, and it is isolated from east to west, with a left-handed reverse fault. According to the latest research, the maximum horizontal displacement is 14m. The fault with the largest fault displacement is 193 1. The fault was formed during the Fuyun M8 earthquake in Xinjiang on August 1 1/and struck northwest, with right-lateral horizontal displacement14.6m and vertical displacement1~ 3.6m.. The gravity sinkhole formed along the fault at the foot of the mountain is as high as 60 meters. If the earthquake with the largest number of deaths is calculated according to the total number of deaths caused by the earthquake and its aftermath, freezing and plague,1556 65438+1October 23rd (December 12th, the thirty-fourth year of Ming Jiajing), the earthquake of magnitude 8 that occurred in Huashan, Shaanxi Province is the first one. Death toll, "830,000 strange people; There are countless unknown people. " 10/64,000 people were directly killed and injured in the Tangshan earthquake of magnitude 7.8 on July 28th, 976. The earthquake with the greatest damage and loss was the Tangshan earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 on July 28th, 0976. This is also the first time that a "direct earthquake" occurred in a modern industrial city. Direct economic losses, that is, houses collapsed and various engineering facilities and equipment were destroyed due to the earthquake, exceeding10 billion yuan. In the whole urban area of Tangshan, industrial and civil buildings were damaged by the earthquake10.34 million square meters, accounting for 77%, and 2.4 million rural houses in neighboring counties collapsed. The damage and loss caused by the earthquake are enormous. -The ground buildings, underground lighting, ventilation, lifting and drainage systems in Kailuan Coal Mine were all destroyed, and 10,000 night shift workers were trapped underground. A large number of water gushed from the mine, and 70% of the production capacity of the mine and 60% of the coal mining work were all flooded. It is estimated that the groundwater supply will reach 65.438+0.6 billion tons. Important railway trunk lines? Jingshan line is seriously damaged. In Tangshan and Tianjin, 3% and 5% of the large and medium-sized bridges collapsed or were seriously damaged, reaching 20 and 10 respectively. Blast furnace, open hearth furnace, converter and cupola that are being smelted all have furnace collapse accidents; There were 58 toxic gas leakage and explosion fires in chemical enterprises, and the slope protection of Baihe main dam of Miyun Reservoir collapsed in a large area under the wave wall. Cracks appeared in Tangshan douhe reservoir Dam. A large area of sand was liquefied and the basin was sprayed with sand. The Sixth Degree Zone covers an area of 24,000 square kilometers, and the maximum sandblasting hole reaches18m. Agricultural machinery wells were damaged to 60,000 eyes. The losses in Tianjin are the most serious in history, with direct economic losses exceeding 3 billion yuan.

3. The most destructive earthquake time in China history:19201216 20: 05: 53.

Venue: Haiyuan County, Ningxia (36.5 degrees north latitude, 0/05.7 degrees east longitude)

Disaster: The magnitude is 8.5, causing more than 240,000 deaths and destroying four cities. It is called the "global earthquake".

The landslide left the living room two or three miles away from the mountain.

? /kloc-more than 0/00 people died in a cave, and more than 300 people were buried in the same grave.

? The dead were buried a hundred miles away, and the wounded wailed on the broken wall. The scene was terrible.

1920 12.26, an earthquake of magnitude 8.5 occurred in Haiyuan county at the junction of Gansu and Ningxia in northwest China. During the ten-minute frantic earthquake, it started from Guyuan in the east, passed through Xiji, Haiyuan and Jingning, and reached Jingtai in the west. Landslides, ground fissures, houses collapsed, mountains and rivers changed, and the land was robbed. The earthquake was felt in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Saigon, Vietnam. The intensity of the earthquake zone 12 degrees, Haiyuan, Guyuan, Jingning and Xiji counties were all destroyed. Except for a bell tower, all other buildings, cliff caves and arch caves in Haiyuan County collapsed, and residents were crushed under rubble and clods, killing and injuring nine times out of ten. Most of them were killed and almost all the villages were buried. The people in the earthquake-stricken areas "have no clothes, no food, no shelter, and the tragic situation of displacement is unbearable and unbearable;" Many people who suffer hardships rely on fire pits to keep warm, with thin clothes and nothing to do all day. They endure cold and strong winds, endure cold and hunger, sleep in the cold, crawl to help the wounded, cry everywhere, and they will freeze to death. " The bones of a large number of victims are scattered all over the field, and there are too many bodies to be buried. Within dozens of miles, people were cut off, and chickens and dogs disappeared. At that time, the Beiyang warlord * * did not take effective measures to rescue the disaster, and the victims did not cry, further aggravating the disaster, and nearly 240,000 people died. This unprecedented disaster shocked the world, and Haiyuan earthquake became a major earthquake that attracted worldwide attention. The recent Zhangbei Shangyi earthquake also occurred in the severe winter, but with the support of * * and the people of the whole country, no one was frozen to death or frostbite in the cold of MINUS 30-40 degrees Celsius, which is really a world of difference.

19201216 at 20: 06: 09, a rare earthquake of magnitude 8.5 occurred in Haiyuan, Ningxia, China, killing more than 240,000 people. It was called "global earthquake" in history.

In an instant, the sky thundered and thundered, like a horde of horses whistling; The earth was completely out of control in the crazy shaking. In just ten minutes, more than 70 prosperous towns disappeared without a trace, and everything here was gone. ...

The energy released by the earthquake was particularly large, and the strong vibration lasted for more than ten minutes. The earthquake was recorded by 96 seismic stations in the world. In Tokyo, Japan, even seismographs with magnification only 12 times recorded seismic surface waves around the earth.

Haiyuan earthquake has a wide range and a rare history. According to relevant data, during the earthquake, Beijing "lights dizzy"; Shanghai "clock stops, hanging lights shake"; Guangzhou "Lost Plaster Tablets"; Shantou "passenger ship swaying"; Hong Kong "most people feel the earthquake"; It felt more than half of China, and even at the observatory near Haiphong, there was a phenomenon of "stopping the clock".

Haiyuan earthquake is equivalent to dropping 1200 Hiroshima atomic bombs in an instant! According to the investigation and analysis of seismologists later, the damage degree of this earthquake was even stronger than the magnitude of 8.5 confirmed at that time, because the macro-intensity of Haiyuan dry salt pond, which was the most seriously damaged, actually reached 12 degrees, and the aftershocks lasted for three years ... This is the biggest earthquake in China history and the most terrible earthquake in the world so far!

After Haiyuan was suddenly destroyed, the powerful shock wave did not seem to be completely released. A long seismic belt climbed the earth twice and a half times. The scope of the earthquake zone is unprecedented. It starts from Guyuan in the east, passes through Xiji, Haiyuan, Jingyuan and other counties, and reaches Jingtai County in the west. More than 20,000 square kilometers have almost become a no-man's land. Dozens of counties in central, eastern and southern Gansu were all swept away. In addition, eight provinces including Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Shanxi, Suiyuan, Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan also suffered large-scale disasters.

It was not until the second year after the earthquake that China released an explosive figure to the world: 234 1 17 people died, accounting for 56% of the total number of people in the disaster area. In Haiyuan County, the epicenter, 73,604 people died, accounting for more than two-thirds of the county's actual population.

4. What is the highest earthquake in history? In modern times, it is like this:

Date and place Death toll

1976.7.28 China 242000.8

1927.5.22 China

China 180000 8.6

Italy 75000 7.5

China 70000 7.6

Peru 66794 7.8

1923.9. 1 Japan 43000 8.3

Chile 30000 8.3

India 30000 7.5

1915.1.13 Italy 29970 7.0

Tangshan

Tangshan earthquake is one of the top ten natural disasters in the 20th century. 1976 At 3: 42 on July 28th, an earthquake occurred in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China. The magnitude is 7.8, and the epicenter intensity is VII. On that day 18: 43, an earthquake of magnitude 7. 1 occurred in Luanxian County, more than 40 kilometers away from Tangshan, with the epicenter intensity of 7 degrees. The earthquake happened in an industrial city with dense population and serious losses. Most of the buildings in Tangshan city were basically razed to the ground or seriously damaged. The rails twisted into a snake shape, and a large number of cracks appeared on the surface, as well as water spraying, sand falling and collapse, accompanied by the phenomenon of light before the earthquake. 242,769 people were killed and 16485 1 people were injured. Nearby Tianjin has also been damaged by Ⅶ ~ Ⅶ. The affected areas cover Liaoning, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Inner Mongolia and other 14 provinces, cities and autonomous regions, with a radius of about 250 kilometers. The study of focal physics shows that the process of focal dislocation of this earthquake is complicated.

The strong earthquake caused traffic interruption, communication paralysis, water and power cuts in the whole city, and emergency repair of lifeline projects such as communication, water supply, power supply and traffic recovery is one of the most urgent tasks of Tangshan disaster relief. According to this, the central government quickly arranged counterpart support tasks for various professional systems. Posts and telecommunications, railways, transportation, electric power, municipal construction and other departments immediately acted to ensure the smooth recovery and reconstruction of the above-mentioned system projects. The earthquake was in midsummer, the weather was hot, the rain continued, and the human and animal corpses rotted rapidly, and the epidemic situation was very severe. In epidemic prevention, comprehensive measures have been taken, such as surprise treatment, controlling the source of infection, improving the environment, eliminating pathogens, vaccinating and improving the resistance of personnel. The method of combining military and civilian, combining special groups and combining local and foreign countries was adopted to eliminate the epidemic before it happened, creating a miracle that there was no major epidemic after the disaster.

July 28th, 2006 is the 30th anniversary of Tangshan earthquake.