Cucumber When do you plant cucumbers?

Cucumber sowing is divided into open field planting and greenhouse facility planting.

Planting in the open field mainly depends on the local average temperature. The planting time of spring yellow claw is after the local late frost, and the ten-day average temperature is above 18t. In the south, it is generally ok in March, and it will generally settle in Shijiazhuang, Tianjin, Beijing after the end of April.

In early spring, the greenhouse is covered with four films. Generally, seedlings are raised in mid-June at 5438+ 10, sown in late February and harvested in mid-March.

Cucumber planting techniques

1, sowing and seedling raising

(1) Variety selection: excellent varieties with low temperature tolerance in early stage, high temperature tolerance in late stage and strong disease resistance, such as Jinyou 10, Bonai No.3, etc.

(2) seed treatment: dry the seeds 1 ~ 3 days before sowing, scald them with warm water at 55℃ after drying 10 ~ 15 minutes, stir continuously until the water temperature drops to 30 ~ 35℃, scrub the seeds repeatedly, wash the mucus with clear water, soak for 3 ~ 4 hours, and soak the soaked seeds.

(3) Preparation of nutrient soil and medicinal soil. Garden soil or field soil that has not been planted with melon vegetables for nearly 3-5 years is mixed with high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, accounting for 30%, and the soil and organic fertilizer are evenly mixed and sieved. Add 100 g carbendazim into the screened nutrient soil according to the ratio of 1 m3 soil, and mix well to make medicinal soil.

(4) The seeding time is 65,438 438+ 10/0, and the seedlings can be raised in heating greenhouse or energy-saving sunlight greenhouse. A nutrient bowl with a diameter of 10cm and a height of 10cm is filled with 8cm of nutrient soil, poured thoroughly, soaked with water, and then 1 seed is planted in each nutrient bowl, covering with 1cm of medicinal soil.

(5) Seedling management ① After sowing, it is sealed with plastic film for 2-3 days, and when two thirds of seed cotyledons are unearthed, the plastic film is removed in time. Water as little as possible at seedling stage to prevent high seedlings from appearing in high temperature and high humidity, and uncover grass in time to increase light. ② Temperature management: Generally, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 25 ~ 30℃, not too high, and the nighttime temperature should be controlled below 15℃, preferably at 12 ~ 13℃, and the seedlings should be tempered 7 ~ 10 days before planting, and the greenhouse grass should be covered early to reduce watering. ③ Standard of strong seedling: seedling age is about 35 days, plant height 15 ~ 20 cm, 3 leaves 1 heart, complete cotyledons, short and thick internodes, thick dark green leaves, well-developed root system, health and no disease.

2. Preparation before planting

(1) Soil preparation, fertilization and fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, and fertilization methods should be based on base fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. According to the nutritional characteristics of vegetable growth and development, the law of fertilizer demand, soil nutrient content and target yield, the expert fertilization system is used to determine the amount of fertilizer applied to vegetables, and balanced fertilization is carried out to ensure the nutrient balance in the soil. Generally, in vegetable fields with medium fertility level, 5000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, 75 kg of calcium superphosphate and 30 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu. After applying the base fertilizer, turn over the ground to a depth of 30-40 cm, evenly mix the soil and fertilizer, and rake it flat to make a ridge with a width of1.2m. Two ridges with a distance of 50cm are raised in the ridge from 10 to 15 cm.

(2) In early spring, the greenhouse is covered with "four films", that is, a layer of greenhouse film, two layers of greenhouse film and a layer of small arch film are placed on the seedlings. 20 days before planting, the greenhouse film should be tied, the ground temperature should be increased, and the global temperature 10cm should pass 12℃ steadily for three consecutive days, so that the greenhouse can be planted. 5 ~ 7 days before planting, hang two layers of sheds with an interval of 20 ~ 30cm. It is best to use polyethylene drip-free plastic film with a thickness of 0.0 12mm.

Step 3 plant

Spraying fungicides on the seedbed 1 day before sowing can choose 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, 77% keda 700 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution. Planting should be done on a sunny morning. Dig ditches on the ridge and water it. When water seeps into the half ditch, put the seedlings at a spacing of about 32 cm. After the water seeped out, the ditch was sealed with soil. This method is called "water-stabilized seedlings", and about 3500 plants are planted per mu. After planting, buckle a small arch shed on the border.

4. Tian Tuan management

(1) After planting, the ground temperature is low, even if the temperature exceeds 35℃ for a short time, the shed should be closed immediately to increase the ground temperature as soon as possible and promote the slow seedling. When the seedlings grow slowly, there is no excessive temperature and outdoor air is not needed. Open the small arch shed in time in the morning to raise the soil temperature as soon as possible. After delayed emergence, outdoor air should be released in time according to the weather conditions, and the time of 2 1 ~ 28℃ should be more than 8 hours, and the minimum temperature at night should be maintained at around 12℃. With the increase of outside temperature, the tuyere gradually increases. When the outside temperature is stable above 12℃, it can be ventilated day and night. The greenhouse temperature is 25 ~ 30℃ in the morning and 20 ~ 25℃ in the afternoon.

(2) After intertillage loosening the soil to slow down the seedlings, intertillage loosening the soil for 3-4 times, from near to far, from shallow to deep, combined with intertillage ridging, finally forming a small high ridge cultivation.

(3) water the seedlings once after planting, and don't water them again in the future. When the cucumber grows to 12 leaves and about 60% of the seedlings have 12cm of small melons, 5- 10kg urea +4 kg Keweitai 20-20-20 water-soluble fertilizer is applied. After entering the fruiting period, the water demand will increase, and the watering interval should be adjusted according to the growth and weather conditions. Use 8 kg of Keweitai 20-8-26 water-soluble fertilizer+10- 15 kg of nitro-sulfur compound fertilizer per mu, and water cucumber every 7- 10 days in the early growth stage, every 5-7 days in the middle stage and every 3-5 days in the later stage. It is best to water cucumbers in sunny mornings in the early stage.

(4) After topdressing enters the fruiting stage, topdressing is combined with watering. Generally, water fertilizer is used for topdressing, and the topdressing is 8 kg of Keweitai 14-6-40 water-soluble fertilizer+10- 15 kg of nitrate-sulfur compound fertilizer per mu.

(5) The relative humidity of cucumber in humidity greenhouse should be controlled below 85%, so as to prevent the leaves from condensation and dripping, and it is best to use long-term greenhouse film to reduce fog. After watering on a sunny morning, close the shed, raise the temperature to 33℃, and then slowly open the tuyere to let the wind and moisture out. When the temperature drops to 25℃, close the tuyere, and do this 2 ~ 3 times a day for 2 ~ 3 consecutive days to reduce the air humidity in the shed.

(6) In plant regulation, when the plant grows to 7-8 leaves, the plant height is about 25cm. Remove the small arch shed and start hanging the rope. Remove the lateral vines under the first melon as soon as possible, and leave two leaves in front of the melon to remove the core. When the main vine grows to 25 leaves, pick the heart to promote the growth of melon, and pick the root melon in time to avoid seedling loss.

(7) Demolition of small arch shed and canopy Generally, the small arch shed and lanyard shall be demolished 15 ~ 20 days after planting. With the increase of outside temperature, the canopy is gradually removed to increase the light transmittance. Generally, the lower canopy is removed in mid-March, and the second canopy is removed in late March and early April.

Three, the main pests and diseases and control countermeasures

1. Physical control, using sunshade net to control temperature to protect crops from strong light, and insect net to reduce pests. Hang a yellow board coated with engine oil every 18cm×8cm ~ 2 to trap and kill whiteflies.

2. The temperature of ecological control should be controlled at 25 ~ 30℃ during the day and at 12 ~ 15℃ at night. Flood irrigation is prohibited, and the relative humidity is controlled below 85%. Try to keep the leaves from condensation and reduce the condensation time.

3. Chemical control

(1) Pests: ① Spray aphids with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times or 2000 times of 25% deltamethrin EC. ② Spray whitefly with 800 times solution of 25% chlorpyrifos wettable powder or 2500 times solution of 25% Aketai water dispersible granule. ③ Spraying liriomyza huidobrensis with 2000 times of 1.8% avermectin EC.

(2) Diseases: ① Downy mildew was sprayed with 250g/mu of 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent, or 800 times of 72% gram green wettable powder or 0/000 times of 69% Anke manganese zinc wettable powder/kloc. ② Spraying bacterial angular spot with 3000 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder or 800 times of 77% bactericide wettable powder. ③ Spraying anthrax with 600 times solution of 75% Dyclonine WP or 10% World High Water Dispersible Granule 1500 times solution. ④ Powdery mildew spraying 10% world high water dispersible granule 1500 times or 40% DuPont Fuxing EC 3000 times. ⑤ Fumigating with 250g/mu of 45% chlorothalonil, or spraying with 800-fold solution of 40% Texaco WP or 50% ZKCL WP 1000-fold solution.