5 words on the investigation of plastic film

First, the effect of reducing disasters and increasing production

This year, our city is a typical catastrophic year with low temperature and chilling injury as the main factor and many disasters as the complication. In spring, rape suffered from low temperature freezing injury, which caused the rape in the bud stage to suffer from freezing injury; In summer and autumn, our city suffered many natural disasters, such as low temperature, floods, and few photos, which caused great losses to our agricultural production. According to meteorological data, the average daily temperature in August this year was 23.6℃, which was 3.2℃ lower than that in the same period of the previous year. The average daily temperature in the first, middle and last days was 2.6℃, 3.1℃ and 3.9℃ lower than that in the same period of the previous year, especially from August 14 to 23, when there were 1 consecutive days of low temperature and rainy weather, the average daily temperature on the 2th was only 15.1℃, which was the lowest ever. The precipitation in August is 262.9mm, which is 148.1mm more than the same period of previous years, and 129% more. The sunshine hours are 14.4 hours, 3% less than the same period of previous years. According to the international and domestic agricultural experts' standards for the classification of chilling injury years, the average daily temperature in August dropped by 1℃, which is a chilling injury year, and a drop of more than 2℃ is a serious chilling injury year, like the weather situation in our city this year. Long-term low temperature, rainy weather and scanty sunshine are in the heading, flowering and filling stages of rice and the flowering, pollination and filling stages of corn, resulting in the decrease of rice seed setting rate, the lengthening of corn baldness, the decrease of 1-grain weight and serious diseases and insect pests. However, the plastic film mulching technology has played a great role in resisting disasters and avoiding disasters. From the analysis of three factors of yield structure, it is outstanding in: (1) Early sowing and early development of plastic film corn, drought resistance and avoiding disasters, increasing grain and weight, and creating high yield again. Taking Eyu 1 as an example, the bald degree of plastic film mulching is 67.5px, which is 7px shorter than that of open cultivation, and the number of grains per ear is 617, which is 215 more than that of open cultivation. The 1-grain weight is 292.5g, which is 5.2g higher than that of open cultivation. The sheath blight was grade 3, which was 1.5 lower than that of open field cultivation. The big and small leaf spot of maize is grade 2, which is 1.5 lower than that of open field cultivation. * * * promoted 862, mu of two-film corn in the city, accounting for 84.4% of the total corn area, with an average yield of 283.1 kg per mu, an increase of 95 kg or 5.5% compared with that of direct seeding in the open field, and * * * increased the yield of corn by 81.89 million kg, thus promoting 1,21,5 mu of corn in the city, with an average yield of 267.3 kg per mu, an increase of 1996, which was the highest in history. Among them, the plastic film covered 35, mu, with an average yield of 328 kg per mu, reaching the high-yield level again, increasing by 139.9 kg or 7.4% compared with the corn mu in the open field; Seedlings were transplanted to 557, mu, an increase of 7.4 kg or 37.4% compared with that of corn mu in the open field. Zhushan County popularized plastic film covering 6, mu of corn, with an average yield of 45.5 kg per mu, which was 285.4 kg higher than the average yield of 18,45 mu of open-field corn in the county, an increase of 2.38 times. Located in Kanzishan Village, Hubeikou Township, Yunxi County, at an altitude of 1,5 meters, the popularization of plastic film covers 2,17 mu of corn, with an average yield of 319.5 kg per mu, which is 116.5 kg higher than that of open-field corn, with an increase of 57.4%.

(2) The plastic film rice can increase temperature, promote growth, weed and protect fertilizer, increase ears and grains, and greatly increase yield. According to the investigation and analysis, through plastic film mulching, increasing temperature and promoting growth, the early tillers and low tillers of rice increased, the growth process accelerated, and the heading and flowering stage entered early, effectively avoiding the chilling injury. From the end of July to the beginning of August, the rice covered with plastic film has been heading and blooming, about 1 days earlier than the conventional cultivation, and the average effective panicle per mu has increased by 36 thousand, an increase of 21.1%; The average seed setting rate of rice covered with plastic film is 85%, which is 2% higher than that of conventional cultivation. The panicle filled with 124.7 grains, 27.2 grains more than that of conventional flooding, 3.8% more. The 1-grain weight is 26.7 grams, which is 1.5 grams higher than that of conventional cultivation. The average number of rice false smut grains per panicle is 5 grains, which is 7 grains less than that of conventional cultivation. The city has promoted 235, mu of plastic film-covered rice, accounting for 44.8% of the total rice area, with an average yield of 477.8 kg per mu, which is 141.3 kg higher than that of conventional flooded cultivated mu, with an increase of 1 percentage points over the past years. It is the largest year since the promotion of plastic film-covered rice, with an increase of 33.255 million kg of rice. Fangxian county popularized 64,5 mu of plastic film rice, with an average yield of 51 kg per mu, which was 238 kg higher than that of conventional cultivated rice, an increase of 9.5%. In Chepingyou village, Hongta township, the county directly planted 2.6 mu of plastic film rice, with an average yield of 729.3 kg per mu, an increase of 337 kg, an increase of 85.9%. In Haokou Village, Liuliping Town, danjiangkou city, 2 mu of direct seeding plastic film rice was popularized, with an average yield of 524.7 kg per mu, an increase of 121.9 kg or 3.3% compared with conventional cultivation mu; Liu Hongsheng, a farmer in Miaochuan Village, Hubei Kou Township, Yunxi County, located at an altitude of 75 meters, has 1.5 mu of plastic film rice, with an average yield of 695 kg per mu, setting a new record for high yield of local rice.

(3) Three breakthroughs have been made in the field of coverage from dry farming to wet farming and then to water farming. Around the popularization of plastic film mulching technology, the whole city has actively carried out scientific and technological innovation, and expanded the crops covered with plastic film to rice, oilseeds, tobacco leaves, vegetables, Chinese herbal medicines and other cash crops. The plastic film mulching technology in our city has developed from dry crops (corn, potato, peanuts, etc.) to wet crops (rice) and aquatic crops (lotus root), achieving three breakthroughs in plastic film mulching. The city * * * promoted 65, mu of plastic film potato, 6, mu of plastic film rape, 32, mu of plastic film peanut, 28, mu of plastic film pepper and .6 million mu of plastic film lotus root. Zhushan County popularized 18, mu of plastic film tobacco leaves, which increased the yield by 65% per mu, and the grade of tobacco leaves was improved by 3 grades compared with open cultivation, which increased the net income of 32 yuan per mu. In view of the new situation of strong development momentum and promising market prospects of Chinese herbal medicines in the middle and high mountains, we organized the agricultural department of the whole city to carry out experimental research on plastic film mulching cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines, which not only increased the yield by about 4%, but also significantly improved the quality and the selling price. This year, the whole city promoted 3, mu of Chinese herbal medicine covered with plastic film, which added a new measure for middle and high mountain farmers to grow medicine and get rich.

Second, the main practices

The key to the great achievements in the popularization of plastic film mulching technology lies in the great attention of leaders at all levels, the strong support of agriculture-related departments, and the supporting implementation of the policy of "substituting plastic film for compensation" in cities and counties, ensuring the low-cost and full supply of plastic film.

(1) leaders attach great importance to it. The municipal party committee and the municipal government regard the promotion of plastic film mulching technology as an important measure to implement the spirit of Document No.1 of the Central Committee, pay close attention to grain production, increase farmers' income and implement the policy of benefiting the people. The first is to implement support funds. The municipal party committee and the municipal government included 1.5 million yuan of special funds for plastic film mulching "substituting plastic film for compensation" in the municipal budget, and urged counties (cities, districts) to match 1.5 million yuan for unified transportation of plastic film, which provided material guarantee for the popularization of plastic film mulching technology; The second is in-depth field inspection. The main leaders and leaders in charge of the municipal party committee and municipal government have repeatedly visited the towns and villages where the plastic film mulching technology is mainly implemented, which provided organizational guarantee for the smooth implementation of the plastic film mulching technology. In addition, relevant leaders and experts from the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Provincial Department of Agriculture and the Provincial Department of Science and Technology also visited our city for many times to guide the popularization of plastic film mulching technology, spoke highly of the implementation effect of our city, and promoted plastic film rice technology as one of the top ten practical technologies in the province in 25.

(2) pay close attention to the film supply service. The close cooperation and coordinated service of agricultural finance ensure that the plastic film is supplied to the implementing farmers with good quality, quantity and low price. First, before the budget was issued, the financial department took the service of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" as its own responsibility, and borrowed 1 million yuan of working capital in advance to transport plastic film; Second, the agricultural department organized special classes. After the recommendation of the Ministry of Agriculture and our on-the-spot investigation, Jiaozuo Yongchun and Jinan Sanshu, which have high credibility and good product quality, were identified as film suppliers in our city, ensuring that farmers and friends in the city used high-quality and low-cost agricultural film. In the process of film supply, the Municipal Bureau of Agriculture publicized the price of film supply after the financial subsidy of the whole city through Shiyan Daily, registered the farmers, publicized them on the wall, and implemented "sunshine operation" to ensure the implementation of the policy of benefiting farmers.

(3) do a big demonstration model. In the process of popularization and implementation of plastic film mulching technology, agricultural technicians are close to farmers and constantly improve and improve the plastic film mulching cultivation technology system. Through the combination of politics, technology and materials, and the matching of film seed and fertilizer, we have paid close attention to the implementation of demonstration models such as film-mulching corn, film-mulching rice, film-mulching rape, film-mulching Chinese herbal medicine and film-mulching lotus root. Fangxian Agricultural Bureau organized the technical backbone, stationed in towns and villages for a long time, and held a demonstration model of thousand mu of two-film corn and thousand mu of plastic film rice; Zhushan County Agriculture Bureau held a demonstration model of 1 mu of plastic film lotus root and 1, mu of plastic film rice in Baofeng Town, and held a demonstration of 1, mu of two-film corn in Hongping, Liulin and Shuangtai. According to statistics, 386 agricultural technicians participated in the popularization of plastic film mulching technology in the city, distributed 16, technical materials and held 128 models, with a total area of 32, mu, which effectively promoted the balanced development of plastic film mulching technology in the city.

(4) carry out scientific and technological innovation. Practice has proved that only by continuously carrying out scientific and technological innovation can the plastic film mulching technology keep its vitality forever. Our city is the pioneer of plastic-film corn, plastic-film rice, plastic-film lotus root and plastic-film rape technology. This year, we will focus on three innovative studies on plastic-film rice technology: First, we will study direct-seeding plastic-film rice. The biggest characteristics of this technology are early maturity, labor saving, expenditure saving, high yield and high efficiency. At present, it has been listed as a national grain high-yield engineering technology research project by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Agriculture. In June this year, the Ministry of Agriculture held the "National Training Conference on High Quality and High Yield of Rice" in Wuhan. At the meeting, our bureau focused on the direct seeding plastic film rice technology. The leaders and experts attending the meeting were deeply optimistic about the popularization and application prospects of this technology, and said that they would increase the experimental demonstration efforts nationwide. The second is to carry out research on N element and water management of plastic film rice. The focus of this study is to improve the N and water use efficiency of plastic-film rice, reduce the emission of harmful gases such as CH4 and N2O, reduce agricultural non-point source pollution and protect the atmospheric environment, which is of great significance in economy, society and ecology. Third, the experimental demonstration of rice seedling raising agent "dry nurse" and no-tillage seedling throwing technology has achieved good results.

(5) active participation of the masses. This year, the agriculture in our city has suffered many disasters. In the face of various key links of production and major disasters, the masses actively participated, vigorously promoted the plastic film mulching technology, and actively carried out self-help in production, which effectively ensured the steady increase of grain production and the continuous increase of farmers' income in the year of major disasters.

III. Some Suggestions

Our city is in a new stage of transition from subsistence agriculture to well-off agriculture, facing the dual tasks of consolidating the achievements of subsistence agriculture and promoting adjustment and income increase. At present, there are still nearly 4, poor people in the city who have initially solved the problem of food and clothing, but they are very unstable. These people are mostly distributed in the alpine and second alpine areas with poor production, ecological and climatic conditions and relatively backward economic and social development. Plastic film mulching is not only an important measure to resist disasters by science and technology, but also an important content of poverty alleviation by science and technology. This year's practice further proves that although agriculture has suffered heavy losses, due to the popularization of plastic film technology, many typical cases of not reducing production and harvest in disaster years have been created, which is very enlightening to us. In order to consolidate the achievements of farmers' food and clothing in our city, we suggest:

(1) Insist on expanding and popularizing plastic film mulching technology. The disaster-prone market situation is inseparable from the effective disaster-resistant technology, which has become the knowledge of the whole city. Our city is a disaster-prone area dominated by low temperature, cold damage and drought and water shortage, and natural disasters have long restricted the development of agriculture and rural economy. Years of practice have repeatedly proved that the popularization of plastic film mulching technology is the key technology of heat preservation and cold resistance, water conservation and drought resistance, early maturity and yield increase, and it is the most effective, cheapest and easy to popularize among many disaster-resistant technologies. At the same time, popularizing plastic film mulching technology and improving land output rate are the needs of a new round of poverty alleviation and development, returning farmland to forests and ecological construction, and are the objective requirements and realistic choices for consolidating food and clothing achievements and promoting adjustment and income increase. The broad masses of cadres and people at the grass-roots level generally believe that whether to engage in plastic film mulching in Shiyan mountainous area is not a problem of collecting more and collecting less, but a problem of collecting less.

(2) adhere to the support policy of "substituting film for compensation". This year, the agriculture in our city suffered a heavy disaster, especially the rice and corn in the area above the second mountain can't mature normally. In order to achieve the goal of one-year disaster and one-year recovery, we suggest that we continue to adhere to the support policy of "substituting film for compensation". This support policy has not only been fully affirmed by the Ministry of Agriculture, the provincial party committee and the provincial government, but also welcomed by grassroots cadres and the broad masses of peasants. It is a measure to spend a small amount of money and do great things. It is praised by the broad masses of peasants as a moral and political project of the municipal party committee and the municipal government and a popular project. Its political significance, economic benefits and social benefits cannot be underestimated. If this policy shrinks, the successful technology popularization of plastic film mulching will decline.

(3) adhere to the promotion strategy of supporting services. In the process of popularizing plastic film mulching technology, all localities persisted in scientific and technological innovation, focused on tackling key technical problems, solved technical problems in production, improved technical operation procedures, strengthened the matching of related technologies, and achieved one after another. Practice has proved that only by adhering to the supporting services of film, seed and fertilizer and comprehensive input promotion measures can we improve the scientific and technological content of plastic film mulching technology, improve the comprehensive benefits of plastic film mulching and further expand the promotion field of plastic film mulching technology.