What are the meteorological disasters?

Meteorological disasters include drought, rainstorm, tropical cyclone, strong wind and hail.

1, drought

In a long enough period, the rainfall is seriously insufficient, which leads to soil water loss due to evaporation and river flow reduction, which destroys normal crop growth and human activities. This is a disastrous weather phenomenon. As a result, the output of crops and fruit trees is reduced, drinking water for people and livestock is difficult, and industrial water is scarce.

Drought is the most serious meteorological disaster affecting China's agriculture, causing serious losses. According to statistics, the average annual drought-affected area of crops in China is more than 300 million mu, and the affected area is 65.438+0.2 billion mu. Due to drought, the annual output is reduced by 65.438+0-5 billion kilograms, and the annual economic loss caused by water shortage is 200 billion yuan.

2. Heavy rain

It is a short-term or continuous heavy precipitation process. In low-lying and blocked areas, rainwater cannot be discharged quickly, resulting in water accumulation in farmland and supersaturation of soil moisture, which brings disasters to agriculture. Heavy rain may even cause flash floods, river flooding and dam break, causing huge economic losses to the people and the country.

According to the regulations of China Meteorological Department, the rain with a precipitation of more than 50 mm in 24 hours is called "rainstorm". The Yangtze River basin is a frequent area of rainstorm and flood disasters, especially in the two lakes basin and the Yangtze River Delta. 1983, 1988, 199 1, 1998, 1999.

3. Tropical cyclones

Tropical cyclone is the general name of strong vortex with high center temperature and low pressure formed in tropical marine atmosphere. It is a very destructive weather phenomenon, which will lead to severe weather such as strong winds, heavy rains, huge waves and storm surges. The average annual loss is more than10 billion yuan. For example, Yunna, who landed in Zhejiang in 2004, created10 billion at a time.

4. Strong winds and hail

Wind and hail disaster refers to the disaster caused by the condensation of ice in cumulonimbus clouds falling from the air under the control of convective weather. Hail often destroys large areas of crops and orchards, damages buildings and threatens human safety. It is a serious natural disaster, which usually occurs in summer and autumn.

According to statistics, the area affected by agricultural wind and hail reached more than 99 million mu in severe disaster year (1993) and 56 million mu in light disaster year (1994).